Kubereka kwa mbalame zam'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Sian Ka'an, Quintana Roo

Kum'mawa kwa boma la Quintana Roo, pamtunda wa makilomita 12 kumwera kwa linga la Tulum, malo ofunikira ofukula mabwinja ndi alendo oyenda pagombe la Mexico ku Caribbean, Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve ili, imodzi mwazikulu kwambiri ya dzikolo komanso yachiwiri kukula kwambiri m'chigawo cha Yucatan.

Sian Ka'an imafotokoza malo okwana mahekitala 582,000 momwe muli malo okhala padziko lapansi, monga nkhalango zam'malo otentha ndi madambo, ndi malo okhala m'madzi, monga miyala yachiwiri yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi (yoyamba ili ku Australia).

Madambwe, omwe amapangidwa ndi madambo, madambo, madambo, tasistales (gulu la mgwalangwa wa tasiste womwe umakula m'mphepete mwa nyanja), milu ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mangroves, amakhala pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa atatu a nkhokwe ndipo amakhala malo ofunikira a chakudya ndi kuberekana kwa mbalame za m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

M'derali muli doko la Ascención, kumpoto, ndi la Espíritu Santo, kumwera; Zonse zopangidwa ndi makiyi, zilumba ndi madoko am'mbali mwa nyanja omwe amakhala ndi mbalame zosiyanasiyana: mitundu yoposa 328, mitundu yambiri ya iyo ili m'mphepete mwa nyanja, momwe mitundu 86 ndi mbalame zam'nyanja, abakha, zitsamba zam'madzi, adokowe ndi oponya mchenga.

Kwa masiku anayi tidapita ku Bay of Ascención kuti tikachezere ma Gaytanes, Xhobón komanso madera okhala ndi zisa, komanso malo osiyanasiyana odyetsera.

Kumpoto kwa doko, tadutsa doko la m'mphepete mwa nyanja lotchedwa El Río, tidutsa madera awiri oswana. Titafika kuzilumbazi, tinapeza ma silhouettes angapo ndi nsonga zamitundumitundu ndi mawonekedwe, miyendo yachikaso, nthenga zokongola, ndi ma squawks osawerengeka adatilandira.

Zilonda zakuda (Pelecanus occidentalis), pinki kapena chokoleti (Platalea ajaja), white ibises kapena cocopathians (Eudocimus albus) ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zitsamba zam'madzi zimakhazikika m'malo amenewa, momwe mbalame zamisinkhu yosiyanasiyana zimawonekera: nkhuku, ana ang'ono ndi ana, onse kulirira chakudya kuchokera kwa makolo awo.

Kum'mwera, tinali kudera la La Glorieta. Kumeneku, mphalapala, adokowe ndi zitsamba zam'madzi zimapanga utoto wa zovina, zolengedwa zomwe zimadutsa m'madambo omwe amadya mollusks, crustaceans, tizilombo, nsomba ndi amphibian.

Mwambiri, mbalame zam'mphepete mwa nyanja zimagawika m'magulu atatu: zam'madzi, m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi m'madzi, kutengera malo omwe amakhala pafupipafupi komanso kusintha komwe amakhala kuti akhale m'malo awa. Komabe, zonse zimaswana pamtunda, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala pachiwopsezo cha zisokonezo za anthu.

Mbalame zam'madzi ndi gulu lalikulu kwambiri m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Sian Ka'an; Nthawi zambiri amadyetsa matupi amadzi abwino komanso amchere komanso mumzera wa mbalame zam'madzi mderali, amayimilidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana (Podicipedidae), anhingas (Anhingidae), zitsamba zam'mimba ndi azitsamba (Ardeidae ndi Cochleariidae), ibis (Threskiornitidae), adokowe (Ciconnidae), flamingo (Phoenicoteridae), abakha (Anatidae), ma rallids (rallidae), caraos (Aramidae), ndi ma kingfisher (Alcedinidae).

Mbalame zosamuka monga abakha ndi ena osiyanasiyana zimawoneka m'madzi osaya ndipo chakudya chawo ndi zomera zam'madzi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono; Komano, mbalame zoyenda monga mphalapala, adokowe, mbalame zotchedwa flamingo ndi mbalamezi zimadya m'madzi osaya.

Padziko lonse lapansi, gulu la mbalame za m'mphepete mwa nyanja limapangidwa ndi mabanja khumi ndi awiri, omwe akukhudzana ndi madambo, makamaka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndipo amadyetsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta m'mphepete mwa nyanja, matope, madambo, madzi akuya masentimita angapo, komanso m'derali Kusinthasintha kwa nyanja (dera lomwe lili ndi mafunde apamwamba komanso otsika). Mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu imasamukira kwina ndipo imaphatikizaponso mayendedwe amtendere.

Ku Quintana Roo Reserve, mbalame za m'mphepete mwa nyanja zimayimiriridwa ndi jacanas (Jacanidae), ma avocets (Recurvirostridae), oystercatchers (Haematopodidae), plovers (Charadriidae) ndi sandpipers (Scolopacidae). Mitundu inayi yokha yam'mphepete mwa nyanja imaswanirana ku Sian Ka'an, pomwe enawo ndi omwe amakhala osamukira nthawi zina kapena odutsa osamukira.

Omwe amasamukira kudziko lina amadalira kupezeka komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito panjira zawo zosamukira. Mitundu ina imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri pamaulendo awo ataliatali, ndipo ngakhale kutaya pafupifupi theka la kulemera kwa thupi lawo, chifukwa chake amafunika kuti achire munthawi yochepa kuti mphamvu yomwe idatayika kumapeto komaliza kwaulendo. Chifukwa chake, madambo a Reserve ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri omwe mbalame zam'mbali zimayenda.

Mbalame zam'nyanja ndi magulu osiyanasiyana omwe amadalira nyanja kuti apeze chakudya, ndipo amasintha kuti azikhala m'malo amchere kwambiri. Mbalame zonse zam'nyanja ku Sian Ka'an zimadya nsomba (ichthyophages), zomwe amapeza m'madzi osaya pafupi ndi gombe.

Magulu a mbalamezi omwe amapezeka mu Reserve ndi nkhanu (Pelecanidae), boobies (Sulidae), cormorants kapena camachos (Phalacrocoracidae), anhingas (Anhingidae), mbalame za frigate kapena frigate bird (Fregatidae), seagulls, terns ndi skimmers. (Lariidae) ndi manyowa (Stercorariidae).

Zinatitengera maola asanu kuchokera m'tauni ya Felipe Carrillo Puerto kuti tikafike ku nyumba yowunikira ya Punta Herrero, polowera ku Bahía del Espíritu Santo. Paulendowu tidayima kuti tiwone ma kites awiri (Harpagus bientatus), chachalacas (Ortalis vetula), akambuku (Tigrisoma mexicanum), caraos (Aramus guarauna), ndi nkhunda zosiyanasiyana, ma parrot ndi ma parakeet, ndi mbalame zanyimbo.

M'nyanjayi, ngakhale ndiyocheperako kuposa ya Ascension, madera mbalame amabisika pakati peninsula ndi madzi osaya. Izi zimapangitsa kuti maderawo akhale ovuta pang'ono ndipo m'magawo ena timayenera kukankha bwatolo.

M'derali pali zisa zingapo za osprey (Pandion haliaetus) zomwe, monga dzina lake limatanthawuzira, zimadyetsa nsomba zomwe zimapezeka ndi luso losangalatsa. Mtundu wina wa zisa ndi kadzidzi (Bubo virginianus) yemwe amadya mbalame zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala mdera lonselo.

Mitundu yambiri ya mbalame zam'madzi ndi anthu omwe amakhala ku Sian Ka'an, pafupifupi nthawi zonse amagawana zilumba ndi zilumba zazing'ono zam'nyanja. Madera a mbalame za m'mbali mwa nyanja pano ndi pafupifupi 25, pomwe khumi ndi anayi ali mu Kukwera ndi khumi ndi m'modzi mwa Mzimu Woyera. Madera awa atha kukhala amtundu umodzi (monospecific) kapena mpaka khumi ndi asanu (magulu osakanikirana); M'nkhalangoyi ambiri ndi magulu osakanikirana.

Mbalame zimakhazikika m'mitengo yamitengo kapena zazilumba zazing'ono zotchedwa "mogotes"; gawo loberekera limatha kupezeka kuchokera pafupi ndi madzi mpaka pamwamba pa mangrove. Zilumba izi zimachotsedwa kumtunda komanso m'malo okhala anthu. Kutalika kwa masamba a ma mogotes kumasinthasintha pakati pa mita zitatu mpaka khumi, ndipo makamaka amapangidwa ndi mangrove ofiira (Rizophora mangle).

Mitunduyi simakhalira mosasunthika pokhudzana ndi zomerazo, koma magawidwe azisawo adzadalira mitundu yazomera: amakonda nthambi zina, kutalika, m'mphepete kapena mkati mwa zomera.

M'dera lililonse mumakhala gawo logawikana la gawo lapansi komanso nthawi yokometsera mitundu. Kukula kwa mbalameyi, mtunda pakati pa zisa za anthu ndi zamoyo nawonso udzakhala wokulirapo.

Pankhani yodyetsa, mbalame zakunyanja zimakhala limodzi pogawa magawo awo odyera m'magulu anayi: mtundu wa nyama, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowakonzera, malo okhala kuti apeze chakudya ndi maola ake tsikulo.

Herons akhoza kukhala chitsanzo chabwino. Ng'ombe yofiira (Egretta rufescens) imadyetsa yokhayokha m'madzi amadzi amchere, pomwe chipale chofewa (Egretta thula) chimapeza chakudya chake m'magulu, m'madzi amadzi atsopano ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zaulimi. Supuni-heron (Cochlearius cochlearius) ndi usiku-herons coroniclara (Nycticorax violaceus) ndi korona wakuda (Nycticorax nycticorax) amadyetsa bwino usiku ndipo amakhala ndi maso akulu owonera bwino usiku.

Ku Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve, sizinthu zonse ndi zamoyo komanso mtundu wa mbalame. Ayenera kukumana ndi nyama zolusa zosiyanasiyana monga mbalame zolusa, njoka ndi ng'ona.

Ndikumva chisoni ndikukumbukira nthawi ina yomwe tidapita pachilumba choswana cha Least Swallow (Sterna antillarum), mtundu womwe ukuopsezedwa kuti udzawonongedwa, ku Bay of Espiritu Santo. Tili pafupi kufika pachilumba chaching'ono chopanda utali wa 4 mita, sitinawone mbalame zilizonse zikuuluka tikayandikira.

Tinatsika m'bwatomo ndipo tinadabwa kuti tazindikira kuti kulibe aliyense. Sitinakhulupirire, popeza masiku 25 tisanakhalepo ndipo tinapeza zisa khumi ndi ziwiri zokhala ndi mazira, zomwe zinaswa ndi makolo awo. Koma kudabwitsidwa kwathu kudakulirakulira pamene tidapeza zotsalira za mbalamezi zomwe zinali zisa zawo. Mwachiwonekere, imfa yakachetechete komanso yopanda phokoso usiku inagwera pa mbalame zazing'ono komanso zosalimba.

Sizinali zotheka kuti izi zichitike ndendende pa Juni 5, World Environment Day. Sanali mbalame yodya nyama, mwina nyama ina kapena chokwawa; komabe, kukayika kunapitilira ndipo popanda mawu tinachoka pachilumbacho kupita kumapeto kwa ntchito yathu.

Madambo a m'chigawo cha Caribbean akuwoneka kuti ndiwopsezedwa kwambiri ku Central ndi South America konse, ngakhale ali m'gulu lodziwika bwino.

Kuwonongeka komwe Caribbean ikuvutika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu m'derali komanso kupsinjika komwe kukukula pamadambo. Izi zikuwopseza mbalame zomwe zimakhalapo zomwe zimadalira madambwe chaka chonse, kuswana ndi chakudya, komanso mbalame zosamuka zomwe kupambana kwawo kumadalira kupezeka kwa chakudya m'madambo a m'dera la Caribbean. .

Kusunga ndi kulemekeza malowa ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa zamoyo zomwe zimatsagana nafe munthawi yochepayi.

Kanema: Punta Allen , Biosphere Reserve SIAN KAAN Drone-Gopro (Mulole 2024).