Don Ignacio Cumplido adabadwa mu 1811 mumzinda wa Guadalajara, pomwe ufumu wa New Galicia udakalipobe, ndipo Mexico inali kumapeto kwa nthawi ya olowa m'malo; Chaka chimodzi m'mbuyomu, Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla anali atayambitsa Revolution ya Independence yaku Mexico.
MUNTHU NDI NTHAWI YAKE
Don Ignacio Cumplido adabadwa mu 1811 mumzinda wa Guadalajara, pomwe ufumu wa New Galicia udakalipobe, ndipo Mexico inali kumapeto kwa nthawi ya olowa m'malo; Chaka chimodzi m'mbuyomu, Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla anali atayambitsa Revolution ya Independence yaku Mexico.
Kuyambira ali mwana, Ignacio Cumplido adasamukira ku Mexico City komwe adachita chidwi ndi zaluso za typographic, zomwe ndi zomwe zimamusiyanitsa moyo wake wonse.
Imodzi mwa ntchito zake zoyambirira inali ku National Museum yakale, kenako motsogozedwa ndi Don Isidro Icaza, ndikudzipereka kuti asamalire kuphatikiza kwa Natural History, yopangidwa makamaka ndi miyala yamchere ndi mchere, fetus ndi nyama zodzaza, ndi zina zambiri. Koma, mosakayikira, ntchito ya wosindikiza idamupatsa matsenga omwe samayiwalika, ndipo pachifukwa chake adasiya sukulu yakale, ndipo mu 1829 adakhala director watsopano wa makina osindikiza omwe adafalitsa El Correo de la Federación, mneneri wamkulu wa a magulu owolowa manja pantchito yayikulu panthawiyo.
Pambuyo pake, anali woyang'anira kusindikiza nyuzipepala ina, El Fénix de la Libertad, pomwe anthu odziwika kwambiri omwe adalemba malingaliro a demokalase adalemba. ndipo munali m'kabukuka pomwe wosindikiza wathu wochokera ku Guadalajara adadzipambanitsa podzipereka pantchito, khalidwe lomwe lingamusiyanitse pantchito yake yonse.
Zaka makumi angapo zoyambirira za Mexico yodziyimira pawokha zidadziwika ndi kulimbana koopsa komwe kunakhazikitsidwa ndi a Liberals ndi Conservatives, magulu andale omwe adabadwa pansi pa malo ogona a Masonic. Omwe amafunafuna Federal Republic ndi otsutsana nawo, kukhazikika pakati komanso kupitiliza mwayi wamagulu akale olamulira adziko lachikoloni. Otsatirawa anali Tchalitchi cha Katolika, eni malo, ndi eni mgodi. Munali mdziko lomenyanalo, kuponderezana pazandale komanso olamulira mwankhanza, komwe Ignacio Cumplido amakhala ndikukhala ndi luso laukadaulo mwaluso kwambiri, ndipo popeza anali wamalingaliro owolowa manja, mwachidziwikire adagwira ntchito yake pantchito yosindikiza.
Mu 1840, a Cumplido adalowa nawo oyang'anira maboma, pomwe adasankhidwa kukhala Woyang'anira Ndende. Mlanduwu panthawiyo unali ngati chododometsa chifukwa anali atangomangidwa kumene, mopanda chilungamo, mndende yotchuka ya Acordada wakale. Zomwe amamangidwa zinali zoyang'anira kufalitsa kalata yomwe a Gutiérrez Estrada adalemba pankhani yachifumu.
Mu 1842, Cumplido adasankhidwa kukhala Wachiwiri kwa Congress ndipo, pambuyo pake, adalandira udindo wa Senator. Nthawi zonse anali kudziwika chifukwa cha mtima wake wowolowa manja komanso kukhala woteteza pazomwe zimayambitsa odzichepetsa komanso osauka. Olemba mbiri yake yonse amagogomezera mtima wake wowolowa manja popereka ndalama zake monga Wachiwiri komanso Senator m'malo mokomera anthu.
Umu ndimomwe adakhalira wopereka mphatso zachifundo kuti mwa ndalama zake adakhazikitsa kunyumba kwawo koleji yosindikiza ana amasiye achichepere, akusowa chuma, ndipo akuti, mnyumbayo adawatenga ngati kuti ndiabanja lake. Kumeneko, motsogozedwa ndi iye, adaphunzira luso lakale lofalitsa ndi typography.
Chinthu china chodziwika bwino cha a Mr. Cumplido chinali kutenga nawo mbali kwawo poteteza mzinda wathu pankhondo yovuta yomwe United States idachita motsutsana ndi Mexico mu 1847. Khalidwe lathu linadzipereka mwaufulu kwa wamkulu wa gulu lankhondo la National Guard, ndikupatsidwa udindo wa kaputeni. Pogwira ntchitoyi adasunga nthawi komanso luso lomwe limamusiyanitsa pantchito yake yonse.
IGNACIO CUMPLIDO, Mkonzi wa M'zaka za zana la XIX
Imodzi mwa manyuzipepala akale kwambiri omwe Mexico idakhala nayo mosakayikira ndi El Siglo XIX, popeza idakhala zaka 56. Yakhazikitsidwa ndi Ignacio Cumplido pa Okutobala 7, 1841, ophunzira anzeru kwambiri komanso anzeru zanthawiyo adagwirizana nawo; omvera ake adaphatikizapo ndale komanso mabuku ndi sayansi. Mbiri ya nthawi imeneyo idalembedwa pamasamba ake. Magazini yomaliza ndi ya October 15, 1896.
Nyuzipepalayi, poyamba inali ndi mutu wake patsamba loyamba wokhala ndi malingaliro abwino kwambiri, patangopita nthawi pang'ono, luso la Cumplido lidawonekera pofalitsa, ndipo ndipamene adagwiritsa ntchito chosema pomwe mapiri athu amapezekanso, kumbuyo kwake dzuŵa limatuluka ndi kunyezimira ndi chikwangwani pomwe titha kuwerenga Fine Arts, Progress, Union, Commerce, Viwanda.
M'zaka za zana la 19, pambuyo pake, anali ndi owongolera angapo odziwika monga José Ma Vigil, wolemba mbiri wodziwika komanso wolemba mbiri yakale yemwenso anali Director of the National Library nthawi yake; Francisco Zarco, wolemba wamkulu, womaliza kukhala Luis Pamba. M'masamba a nyuzipepala iyi mayina a Luis de la Rosa, Guillermo Prieto, Manuel Payno, Ignacio Ramírez, José T. Cuéllar ndi mamembala ena ambiri achipani cha Liberal Party amadziwika.
IGNACIO CUMPLIDO, WOjambula WOjambula
Kuyambira pomwe adayamba kuchita zaluso za typography, zomwe zidayambitsidwa ku Mexico panthawi yodziyimira pawokha, mawonekedwe athu anali ndi chidwi chofuna kukweza ntchito yomwe idatuluka m'makina osindikizira. Uku kunali kutsimikiza mtima kwake kuti ndi ndalama zomwe adapeza mwakhama, adapita ku United States ndi cholinga chopeza makina amakono kwambiri. Koma zidachitika kuti Veracruz, doko lokhalo lolowera zombo zamalonda, panthawiyo lidatsekedwa ndi asitikali aku France omwe amatenga ngongole zosamveka mdziko lathu; Pachifukwa ichi, katundu yemwe makina a Cumplido adachokera adafika ku New Orleans, kutayika kumeneko kwamuyaya.
Pothana ndi zopinga izi ndi zina, Ignacio Cumplido, adakumananso ndi zinthu zomwe zidamupangitsa kuti awulule, - ndi luso lapamwamba kwambiri, zofalitsa zotchuka monga: El Mosaico Mexicano, chopereka chomwe chidaphatikizapo kuyambira 1836 mpaka 1842; Nyumba Yoyang'anira Mexico; Picturesque Miscellany of Curious and Institution Amenities yomwe idasindikizidwa kuyambira 1843 mpaka 1845; Chithunzi cha Mexico, Album yaku Mexico, ndi zina zambiri. Makamaka ochititsa chidwi ndi El Presente Amistoso para las Señoritas Mexicanas, wofalitsidwa koyamba mu 1847; Buku lokongolali lakhala ndi masamba okhathamira ndipo lalimbikitsidwa ndi mbale zisanu ndi chimodzi zolembedwa mwachitsulo ndizithunzi zachikazi zokongola. Mu 1850 adasindikiza mtundu watsopano wa El Presente Amistoso wokhala ndi zojambula zatsopano, zomwe mbale zake zoyambirira zidatumizidwa kuchokera ku Europe ndipo mu 1851, adapanga buku lachitatu komanso lomaliza la buku limodzi. Makamaka pantchitozi, timayamika luso losakanikirana la zokutira zokongola, pomwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana imaphatikizanso golide. Mabuku mazana ambiri adatuluka m'makina osindikizira a Cumplido, omwe a Ramiro Villaseñor ndi a Villaseñor adalemba. Chifukwa chake, pantchito yake yanzeru chithunzi cha wosindikiza uyu wochokera ku Guadalajara adakwezedwa; M'mabuku ake ambiri timayamika ntchito yake yofalitsa ntchito za omasula, popeza anali ndi udindo wowunikira ntchito zoyambira Carlos María de Bustamante, José Ma. Iglesias, Luis de la Rosa, komanso malingaliro, malingaliro ndi zikalata zambiri zandale komanso zachuma zoperekedwa ndi maboma aboma ndi ma Chambers of Deputies ndi Senators.
Mwanjira yodabwitsa komanso yachisoni, munthu wamkulu komanso wamkulu waku Mexico wamalingaliro ndi mtima, yemwe imfa yake idachitikira ku Mexico City pa Novembara 30, 1887, sanayenerere kuvomerezedwa ndi utolankhani, typographic ndi akatswiri ojambula. mkonzi.
Monga tanena kale, ku Mexico kapena ku Guadalajara kulibe msewu woperekedwa wokumbukira dzina ndi ntchito ya wosindikiza wodabwitsa uyu wazaka za m'ma 1800.
Source: Mexico mu Time No. 29 Marichi-Epulo 1999
