Potengera izi, zomwe zimawerengedwa ngati Biosphere Reserve - yolemera kwambiri pakati pazosungidwa mdziko muno - ndi mautumiki asanu aku Franciscan aku Sierra Gorda omwe adakhazikitsidwa ndikukhazikitsidwa m'ma 18th century.
Kuphatikizika kwapadera kwa maluwa obadwirako amtunduwu kumawoneka m'maina awo: Santiago de Jalpan, Nuestra Señora de la Luz de Tancoyotl, San Miguel Concá, Santa María del Agua de Landa ndi San Francisco del Valle de Tilaco.
Dera lokongolali, komanso kwanthawi yayitali losadutsa, linali malo achitetezo achitetezo amitundu omwe amakhala kuno: pames, jonace, guachichiles, onse omwe amadziwika ndi dzina lachilengedwe la chichimecas. Ndipo mwanjira ina, malo ochititsa chidwiwa adakhazikitsa mbiri yake pamilandu yotsutsana. Mishoni zisanu zaku Franciscan zomwe zapezeka pano ndizapadera mumbiri yawo komanso kapangidwe ka kapangidwe kake, kansalu kopanda tanthauzo komwe kuli ngati kutha kwa kusokonekera, ntchito yaku Europe yomangidwa momasuka ndi manja achilengedwe komanso malingaliro. Kukumana koona. Mishoni ndi mbali imodzi ya crystallization ya chikhumbo chachikulu chaumunthu chomwe chimatsogoleredwa ndi Fray Junípero Serra, mmishonale wa ku Mallorcan yemwe adayesetsa kukhala wolimba ngati bambo ake auzimu a Francisco de Asís, komanso mochedwa, ndipo tinene choncho, osowa chochita Wankhondo wankhondo wa José de Escandón.
Tiyeni tiganizire zowona zomwe timaganiza kuti zidawakhumudwitsa ku Spain, mpaka 1740 olamulirawo sanathe "kutonthoza" anthu amderali ndi mtanda ndi lupanga. Fuko la mayiko linagonjetsa ndikugonjetsa zaka 200 zapitazo ndi mphamvu ya korona waku Spain komabe gawo laling'ono komanso loyandikira likulu la olowa m'malo omwe sanakhalebe osagonjetseka. "Ndi zamanyazi bwanji!" Anthu ena amphamvu atha kuganiza; kotero Escandón akuchita, mu 1742, kuzungulira magulu onse opanduka a Sierra Gorda; chifukwa chake ukali womwe adayambitsa chiwonetsero chomaliza mu 1748, nkhondo yowopsa ya Media Luna, gawo lankhanza momwe wamkulu adatsiriza kuwononga magulu onsewa.
Pakati pa izi, mu 1750 gulu la amishonale aku Franciscan motsogozedwa ndi Fray Junípero Serra adafika mtawuni ya Jalpan. Ntchito yake, kulalikira Amwenye ndikumaliza ndi mtanda ndi mawu ntchito zomwe Escandón adayambitsa ndi zida. Koma Fray Junípero, wolowa m'malo woyenera wa munthu wosauka waku Assisi, adabwera ndi projekiti yosiyana kwambiri ndi amishonale ndipo amatsutsana kotheratu ndi malingaliro olimbikitsidwa ndi kaputeni m'mishoni yomwe idakhazikitsidwa kale. Pamodzi ndi malingaliro amphaŵi ndi mgonero - munjira yakuya - monga Francis Woyera, Fray Junípero adakhala ndi malingaliro abwino aumunthu wopambana wa ku Europe wa nthawiyo. Chifukwa cha ziwawa ndi nkhanza komanso kukayikira komwe amayenera kulandiridwa ndi magulu amtundu wina, Junípero adatsutsa malingaliro olimba amishonale omwe amaphatikizapo kumvetsetsa mavuto ake, podziwa njala yake ndi chilankhulo chake. Monga momwe katswiri wamakhalidwe a anthu Diego Prieto adatidziwitsira, a Junípero adakhazikitsa mabungwe ogwirira ntchito ndikuwathandizira ndikulimbikitsa kuthekera kwawo pakupanga ndi kupanga, adalimbikitsa kugawa malo osati kukakamiza anthu aku Spain pakulalikira, komanso adachita maphunziro ake mchilankhulochi wonyoza. Chifukwa chake inali ntchito yaumishonale yayikulu kwambiri ndi zotulukapo zazikulu pamalingaliro amunthu ndipo zotsatira zake ndizoyamikirika masiku ano pakuyanjana kwa baroque komwe kumawonetsedwa ndi gulu limodzi logwirizana.
MESTIZO BAROQUE
Masiku ano, pamene wina akamba za Mishoni za ku Sierra Gorda, chinthu choyamba munthu kuganizira ndi nyumba zisanu, akachisi asanu. Ndiomwe ali, muyenera kuwawona, muyenera kuyima kanthawi pang'ono ndikusinkhasinkha za iwo, mautumiki asanu okongola. Koma, monga momwe mwawonera, ndi zotsatira za zovuta komanso zolemera za mbiriyakale yolalikirana, kuyitchula mwanjira ina. Zomwe timawona masiku ano mwa aliyense wa iwo, paliponse paliponse, ndizochokera kukumana kwakukulu pakati pamagulu awiri amunthu osiyana kwambiri. Lingaliro la dziko lapansi, chipembedzo, lingaliro la chikhulupiriro, milungu, nyama ndi kuwala, mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a matupi ndi nkhope, chakudya, chilakolako, zonse zinali zosiyana kwambiri pakati pa anthu omwe adabwera nawo kupita ku Europe ndi Amwenye omwe anali mdziko lawo, koma omwe adatsekeredwa, atavulidwa ndikuwonongeka. China chake chinawagwirizanitsa, imodzi mwazinthu zachilendo kapena zapakatikati munkhani zakugonjetsa kuchokera ku chitukuko kupita ku chimzake: ulemu, kuzindikira kusiyana. Kumeneku kunkachitika utopia, kagulu kakang'ono ka azungu pozindikira winayo, kanapwetekedwa ndi muzu ulemu wawo ndi anzawo aku Europe.
ZOKHUDZA KWAMBIRI
Kotero, mautumiki omwe timayamikira lero ndi odabwitsa chifukwa cha kukongola kwawo, koma uku ndikuwonetsera kwa pulasitiki ndi kamangidwe ka kukumanako, kwa nthawi yayitali ya radiation ya anthu, komwe kachisi anali kwawo kwa gulu la anthu, phata la zochitika zingapo zomwe zimayambira pamenepo kapena kutha pamenepo. Awo anali mautumiki panthawiyo, osati nyumbayo koma masomphenya a zinthu, mawonekedwe owonekera mkachisi, dongosolo latsopano lomwe ndikuganiza kuti anali kufunafuna modabwa komanso movutikira, ntchito zomwe zitha kukhala zaulimi, zothandizana, zamphamvu kudziteteza ku chisalungamo, kulalikira.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake mwina kusokonekera kwapangidwe kameneka, baroque yosayerekezekayi ndiyabwino kwambiri, chifukwa chopendekera chilichonse ndichoti, masomphenya, gawo la nthawi yolumikizana ndi mgonero, inde, koma pomwe zidawonekeranso, mwapadera, kusiyana. Concá ndi mawu achipongwe omwe amatanthauza "ndi ine", koma pantchitoyi imadziwikanso ndi dzina loti San Miguel; pali Woyera Michael Mngelo Wamkulu woveketsa kolowera mbali imodzi ndipo mbali imodzi, kalulu yemwe alibe zisonyezo zachikhristu koma ali ndi wonama. Pali Namwali wa Pilar ndi Namwali wa Guadalupe ku Jalpan Mission, komwe tonsefe timadziwa kuti ali ndi mizu yakuya yaku Mesoamerica, ndi chiwombankhanga chokhala ndi mitu iwiri chomwe chimasakaniza tanthauzo. Pali zokongoletsa zamasamba ndi kuchuluka kwa makutu ku Tancoyotl; oyera achikatolika a Landa kapena Lan ha, pamodzi ndi mermaids kapena nkhope zokhala ndi mizere yodziwika bwino. Pali Tilaco kumapeto kwa chigwa chokumbutsa a José María Velasco, ndi angelo ake, zisonga zake ndi vase yake yachilendo, yomwe imamaliza zonse, pamwamba pa San Francisco.
Fray Junípero Serra adangokhala zaka zisanu ndi zitatu akuchita ntchitoyi, koma maloto ake atali nawo adakhalapo mpaka 1770, pomwe zochitika zosiyanasiyana m'mbiri - monga kuthamangitsidwa kwa Ajezwiti- zidapangitsa kuti mbali zina zisiyidwe. Komabe, adapitilizabe ntchito yake yolalikira komanso malingaliro ake aku Franciscan mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ake ku Alta California. Mautumiki aku Franciscan aku Sierra Gorda, "alongo asanu", monga momwe Diego Prieto ndi womanga nyumba Jaime Font amawatchulira, ndi cholowa chabwino cha nkhondo yakutsogolo yopangitsa kuti utopia ukhale wotheka. Kuyambira 2003, alongo asanuwo amatengedwa ngati World Heritage of Humanity. Kuchokera patali, Fray Junípero ndi amishonale a ku Franciscan, ndi a Pames, a Jonaces ndi a Chichimecas, omwe adamanga utumwiwu ndikukwaniritsa ntchitoyo, akuwoneka kuti tikukula.
SIERRA GORDA
Idakhazikitsidwa ngati Biosphere Reserve pa Meyi 19, 1997, kuti izindikiridwe pambuyo pake ngati amodzi mwa Madera Ofunika Pakusunga Mbalame ndi International Council for the Conservation of Mexico Birds, ndikukhala 13. Malo aku Mexico kuti alowe nawo mu International Network of Biosphere Reserves kudzera mu "Man and Biosphere" Program ya United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation.
Ili m'chigawo chakumidzi chotchedwa Carso Huasteco, gawo lofunikira kwambiri lamapiri akulu omwe amadziwika kuti Sierra Madre Oriental.
Dera lomwe ladziwika kuti Biosphere Reserve lili kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa boma la Querétaro de Arteaga, kuphatikiza madera a Jalpan de Serra, Landa de Matamoros, Arroyo Seco, Pinal de Amoles (88% ya madera ake) ndi Peñamiller (69.7%) gawo lake). Imayang'aniridwa ndi Conanp.
