Malinga ndi maumboni omwe apezeka mpaka pano, mowa woyamba waumunthu unapangidwa zaka zinayi Khristu asanabadwe ndi Aelami akale, anthu omwe amakhala ku Iran masiku ano.
Omwe amapanga moŵa ku Asia analibe zida zamakono, zofunikira komanso zidziwitso zomwe mungakhale nazo mutasankha kupanga mowa wanu woyamba.
Pakadali pano ma mowa opitilira 200 biliyoni amamwa padziko lapansi pachaka, m'misika yambiri yamalonda, koma palibe chisangalalo chofanana ndi kumwa vinyo wonyezimira wopangidwa ndi inu nokha.
Ndi ntchito yosangalatsa kuti ngati mungayigwiritse modzipereka, ikuthandizani kuti mukhale nyenyezi pagulu la anzanu. Tsatirani izi mwatsatanetsatane komanso kwathunthu gawo ndi sitepe ndipo mudzapangitsa kuti zichitike.
Chisangalalo chowona mwana akubadwa
Ndani sakonda mowa wozizira? Palibe chabwino kuzizira tsiku lotentha, makamaka ngati uli pagombe.
Tikukhala munthawi yovuta ndipo anthu ambiri akutembenukira kuzinthu zosangalatsa zomwe angapezeko ndalama, kukhala mmodzi wa iwo.
Koma chochititsa chidwi kwambiri pakupanga mowa wanu nokha sizopindulitsa zachuma; Zingathenso kukuwonongerani china kuposa kugula mtanda wabwino kumsika.
Chofunika kwambiri ndichosangalatsa chomwe chimapangitsa kuwona ntchitoyo ikubadwa ndiyeno mphindi yosayerekezeka yoyesera ndikusangalala ndi gulu la anzanu.
Simusowa zida zapamwamba komanso zamtengo wapatali kuti mupange mowa wanu woyamba.
Chida chokwanira chakakhitchini chanyumba chopezeka kunyumba chimapezeka pafupifupi $ 150.
Ngati mumakonda mowa ndipo mukuganiza pakatikati, ndalamazo ndizocheperako poyerekeza ndi zomwe mumagula mowa m'miyezi ingapo.
Zipangizizi zingagulidwe m'masitolo ogulitsa pa intaneti omwe amapita nazo kunyumba kwanu. Itha kukhala pulojekiti yochitidwa ndi kulipiridwa ndi gulu la abwenzi.
Kuti mupange mowa wanu woyamba muyenera kutsatira izi:
Mphika waukulu:
Kutalika kwa chidebe kumadalira kukula kwa mtanda woyamba womwe mukufuna kupanga. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ndiyambe ndi mtanda wawung'ono, wokonzedwa mumphika wosachepera malita 4 a mphamvu, ndikuwonjezera voliyumu malinga ndi kupita patsogolo pantchitoyo. Miphika ikuluikulu imathandizira kuchepetsa kutaya.
Machubu ndi clamps:
Kupanga sapon ndikumwera mowa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwira ntchito ndi chubu cha pulasitiki chodyera, 6 mapazi (1.83 mita) kutalika ndi 3/8 mainchesi (0.95 sentimita) m'mimba mwake. Zolumikizana zitha kugulidwa m'sitolo yamagetsi kapena malo ogulitsa mowa.
Chidebe chopanda mpweya:
Makamaka wopangira galasi kapena jug, ngakhale chidebe cha pulasitiki cha malita 19 (19 lita) chikhala ndi chivindikiro. Botolo lagalasi limakhala ndi mwayi wosavuta kukhalabe oyera komanso ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso kugula burashi yotsuka botolo.
Kutseka kwa air kapena msampha wokhala ndi pulagi:
Mwa miyeso yofunikira kuti musinthane ndi chidebe kapena silinda.
Botolo lodzaza:
Amapezeka m'masitolo apadera amowa ndipo amayenera kukwanira kumapeto kwa chubu kapena siphon.
Thermometer:
Za mtundu woyandama, womaliza maphunziro pakati pa zero ndi 100 madigiri Celsius kapena pakati pa 32 ndi 220 madigiri Fahrenheits. Nthawi zambiri, thermometer imangofunika kokha ngati mukumwa mowa mozizira bwino, zomwe sizachilendo kwa oyamba kumene.
Mabotolo:
Mufunika mabotolo amowa apamwamba kwambiri a 12 ounce, okwanira kubotcha ndalama zopangidwa. Mabotolo otseguka osavomerezeka sakuvomerezeka; zomwe zimafuna kutsegula botolo ndizabwino. Mabotolo amenewa amapezeka m'masitolo apadera.
Wotsekera botolo:
Ndi makina omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira chipewa m'mabotolo. Mutha kugula kusitolo yapadera kapena kubwereka kwa mnzanu yemwe mukudziwa kuti ali nayo.
Zipewa zatsopano za botolo:
Zomwe mukufunikira kuti mabotolo adzaze ndikutseka. Popeza imagulitsidwa m'magulu, mufunika zisoti 50 ngati mukufuna kuthira malita 19 a mowa.
Yothetsera tizilombo:
Mowa ndi wosakhwima kwambiri ndipo amatha kutenga kachilombo, choncho chilichonse chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito chiyenera kukhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisanagwiritse ntchito. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochotsera m'nyumba, kutsuka bwino kuti mupewe kuipitsidwa.
Zosakaniza zofunika
Mndandanda wazinthu zotsatirazi wakhazikitsidwa kuti mupange malita 5 amowa wamatabwa (mitundu ina ya mowa imafunikira zosakaniza zina zomwe sizinalembedwe):
- Chimera: Mapaundi 6 (2.73 kilograms) amadzimadzi otuwa opanda ma hop. Nthawi zambiri imabwera zitini za mapaundi atatu iliyonse. Chimera chimapatsa chakudya kuti chakumwa choledzeretsa chichitike kudzera mu bowa wa yisiti. Kuchotsa chimera chouma kumalandiranso.
- Yisiti: paketi ya yisiti yamadzi yamtunduwo Yisiti ya American Wyeast yisiti # 1056, kapena za mtundu Ma Lab Oyera California Ale # WLP001. Yisiti yamadzi imapangitsa kuti apange mowa wabwino kwambiri. Malo ogulitsa mowa ali ndi izi.
- Chiyembekezo: 2.25 ounces (64 magalamu) a hop Maofesi Aku East Kent Goldings. Maluwa a hop ndiye chinthu chomwe chimapatsa kukoma kwake kwa mowa. Ma pellets a hop ndiofala komanso osavuta kusunga. Zotsalira zomwe sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito ziyenera kusungidwa m'matumba a zip-loko.
- Shuga: 2/3 chikho cha shuga chomenyera mowa. Shuga wa chimanga amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi, womwe umapezekanso m'sitolo yapadera.
Chidule cha njira yofululira moŵa
Kupanga mowa kumakhala ndi magawo asanu oyambira: kukulitsa zofunikira, kuziziritsa ndi kuthira, kutsekemera ndi kutsekemera, kukalamba; ndi kumwa.
Pansipa tifotokoza mwachidule tanthauzo la gawo lililonse, lomwe lipangidwe mwatsatanetsatane.
Kukonzekera koyenera: Chotsitsa cha chimera ndi hop zimaphikidwa m'malita awiri kapena atatu amadzi pafupifupi ola limodzi, kuti athetse chotsitsacho ndikulola duwa la hop kutulutsa mankhwala omwe amapatsa kuwawa kwa mowa.
Kusakaniza kotentha komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha njirayi kumatchedwa wort.
Wozizilitsa ndi nayonso mphamvu: Wortyo amaloledwa kuziziritsa mpaka kutentha kenako amatumizidwa ku fermenter, komwe madzi owonjezera omwe amafunikira kufikira magaloni 5 omwe amawonjezeredwa mgulu loyambirira.
Ndikofunika kutentha kwa firiji, yisiti imawonjezeredwa kuti iyambe nayenso mphamvu ndipo mpweya umayikidwa ndikutseka, womwe umalola kutuluka kwa kaboni dayokisaidi wopangidwa ndi nayonso mphamvu, kuletsa kulowa kwa chinthu chilichonse choyipitsa mu fermenter .
Pakadali pano, kuyeretsa ndikofunikira kuti tipewe kuyenera kuti tisatengeredwe ndi mabakiteriya ena azachilengedwe. Kutentha kumatenga pakati pa sabata limodzi kapena awiri.
Kupopera ndi kutsekemera: Mowa ukangotha msanga, umasamutsidwira ku chidebe china kuti uwonjezere.
Mowa umasakanikirana ndi shuga wa chimanga ndipo gawo lotsatira ndikupitilira ku botolo. Mabotolo amatsekedwa ndi zisoti pogwiritsa ntchito chovalacho, kuti ayambe kukalamba.
Okalamba: Mowa wam'mabotolo uyenera kukalamba, pakati pa milungu iwiri mpaka 6.
Pakukalamba, yisiti yotsala imawiritsa shuga wa chimanga wowonjezerayo, ndikupanga carbon dioxide, yomwe ndi kompositi yomwe imamwa moŵa wabwino.
Zitha kutenga miyezi ingapo kuti mukwaniritse kununkhira bwino, koma mowa umatha kumamwa patatha mwezi umodzi wokalamba.
Kugwiritsa ntchito: Ili ndiye gawo lomwe limapanga chiyembekezo chambiri. Kutenga moŵa woyamba wopangidwa kuchokera mufiriji ndikupitilira toast yoyambitsayi ndi kwamtengo wapatali.
Ntchito yonseyi yatenga pafupifupi maola 4 a nthawi yanu, kufalikira kwa milungu ingapo, osawerengera nthawi yodikirira chifukwa cha ukalamba.
Monga mukuwonera, kupanga mowa kumapangidwanso ndi anthu omwe amakhala otanganidwa, koma omwe amasangalala ndikupanga china chosangalatsa kuyambira pachiyambi.
Njirayi mwatsatanetsatane
Mukudziwa kale za zida ndi zosakaniza zomwe mukufuna kuti mupange gulu lanu loyamba la mowa wamatabwa komanso magawo onse amachitidwe opanga.
Tsopano tiwona tsatanetsatane ndi tsatanetsatane, kutsatira magawo 5 omwe adawonetsedwa kale.
Gawo 1: Kukonzekera koyenera
Kwa ambiri obwerera kunyumba, iyi ndi gawo lokonda kwambiri chifukwa chachisangalalo chomwe chimapereka ku mphamvu, makamaka zonunkhira, fungo labwino loyambitsa ndi kupumira.
Mu mphika wa pafupifupi magaloni 5, otsukidwa, oyeretsa komanso kutsukidwa bwino, ikani pakati pa 2 ndi 3 malita amadzi ndikuyiyatsa.
Madzi akangotha kutentha, mapaundi 6 (zitini ziwiri) za nyemba zimaphatikizidwa. Popeza mankhwalawa amakhala osasinthasintha, mungafunike madzi pang'ono otentha kuti muchotse zotsalira zomwe zatsalira pansi ndi mbali zonse za chidebecho.
Pamene chimera chiwonjezeka, chisakanizocho chiyenera kusunthidwa nthawi zonse kuti madziwo asakhazikike ndikuzimitsa pansi pamphika.
Kusungunuka kwa caramelization, ngakhale pang'ono, kumatha kusintha utoto ndi kununkhira kwa mowa, kotero kusuntha kwa kusakaniza ndikutentha ndikofunikira kwambiri.
Pakakhala kusakaniza kosasinthasintha, gawo lotsatira ndikubweretsa kuwira, koma kuyenera kuchitidwa pang'onopang'ono komanso mosamala, kuti muchepetse thobvu.
Njira imodzi yochepetsera thobvu ndiyo kuipopera ndi madzi oyera. Pakadutsa mphindi 15 zoyambirira kutentha kumachitika nthawi zonse ndikungotuluka thobvu.
Muyenera kupewa kuphimba mphika kuti uzitha kutentha mwachangu, chifukwa zimatha kukhala njira yothira thovu losungunuka, loyenda pachitofu.
Kusamalira kutentha kwa mphindi 15 zoyambirira ndikofunikira kuti mukwaniritse chithupsa chokhazikika.
Kutentha kosalekeza ndi thovu lotsika kukakwaniritsidwa, ndi nthawi yowonjezera ma hop.
Hoops ndi chomera cha banja la cannabaceae, pomwe maluwa osagwiritsidwa ntchito mosagwiritsidwa ntchito amagwiritsidwira ntchito kununkhira mowa ndi kukoma kwake kowawa.
Kuchuluka koyenera (ma ola 2.25 pagulu lathu la mowa wokwana magaloni asanu) kumawerengedwa ndikuwonjezeredwa pa wort wowira. Ophika ena amagwiritsa ntchito ma hop m'matumba kuti akachotse zotsalazo pambuyo poti wayamba kupanga wort.
Kusakaniza kumayenera kuwira kwa nthawi yonse pakati pa 30 ndi 60 mphindi. Pakutentha, chisakanizocho chiyenera kuyendetsedwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti mupewe mipando.
Kukula kwa ma pellets a hop ndi nthawi yowira kumakhudza kuwawa kwa mowa, kotero kuwonjezera ma hop of size yunifolomu ndibwino. Popita nthawi muphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito ma hop kuti mukwaniritse mkwiyo womwe mwasankha.
Gawo 2: Kuzizira ndi Kutentha
Mukatha kuwira, m'pofunika kuziziritsa liziwawa kutentha mpaka kutentha kuti muchepetse matenda.
Omwe amapanga mowa amawonjezera ayezi kapena madzi ozizira ku wort kuti afulumizitse kuzizira, osamala kuti asapitirire kuchuluka kwa madzi.
Omwe amwe mowa mwaukadaulo kwambiri ali ndi chida chozizira ndi mapaipi amkuwa omwe amagwira ntchito ngati chosinthana ndi kutentha.
Mulimonsemo, musanasamule chofunikiracho kwa Fermenter, madzi ozizira ayenera kuwonjezeredwa mpaka kuchuluka kwa malita 5.
Pakadali pano, wort amakhala pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda, chifukwa chake chotupitsa, ma tub ndi ma clamp, airlock ndi chilichonse chomwe chingakhudze wort ndi yisiti ayenera kuthiridwa mankhwala ndikutsukidwa.
Omwe amapanga moŵa amagwiritsa ntchito bleach ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, omwe amafunika kutsukidwa mosamala ndi madzi otentha kuti mowa usamamwe ngati klorini.
Kuwotcha mowa ndi njira yomwe tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga yisiti timasinthira chakudya, ndikuwasandutsa mowa ngati ethanol, carbon dioxide ngati mpweya, ndi zina zotengera.
Wort ayenera kuzirala mpaka firiji asanayitsanulire mu fermenter ndikuwonjezera yisiti.
Kuwonjezera yisiti ku wort yotentha kudzapha yisiti yomwe imapanga ndikuwononga ndondomekoyi.
Osadandaula za zinyalala za hop ndi protein, zotchedwa "mitambo" mumtsuko wa brewer; zambiri zimagwera pansi panthawi yamadzimadzi.
Nthawi zonse kumakhala bwino kugwiritsa ntchito yisiti yamadzi, yabwino kwambiri komanso yothandiza kuposa youma. Yisiti yamadzi nthawi zambiri imabwera mumachubu kapena mapaketi apulasitiki.
Tsatirani malangizo kuti mugwiritse ntchito phukusi la yisiti, ndikuwonjezeranso mosamala kwa fermenter.
Yisiti itangowonjezedwa, airlock imasinthidwa kukhala chotsekera ndikutseka. Wotentherayo amayenera kuyikidwa pamalo ozizira komanso amdima, pomwe sipangasinthe mwadzidzidzi kutentha.
Mpweya uyenera kuyamba kuphulika mkati mwa maola 12 mpaka 36, ndipo kuthira kuyenera kupitilira sabata limodzi.
Ngati simukuwona kuphulika kwa mpweya, onetsetsani kuti zikopa zili zolimba. Kutupa ndi kaboni dayokisaidi yemwe amapangidwa ndikuzimitsa ndipo ndiyomwe imachedwetsa mpaka kutsika.
Kungoganiza kuti pali chisindikizo chabwino, kuphulikako kuyenera kuchepa mpaka thovu limodzi kapena awiri pamphindi, musanapite ku botolo.
Gawo 3: Kuyambitsa ndi kutsekemera
Gawo lomaliza musanamwe mowa ndi kuwongolera ndipo limakhala kuphatikiza shuga ndi mowa kuti mugwiritse ntchito zomwe zatha.
Ngakhale kuti nayonso mphamvu yatha kale, pali mwayi wowonongera mowa, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kutenthetsa chilichonse chomwe chingakhudze, kusamala kuti usapopere komwe kumawonjezera mpweya m'madziwo.
Omwe amapanga moŵa ambiri panyumba amagwiritsa ntchito ndowa yayikulu yapulasitiki kapena carboy kuti shuga woyambira asakanike mofanana. Chidebechi chiyenera kuthiriridwa bwino, komanso sipon ya m'zigawo, zida komanso mabotolo.
Ndi mabotolo muyenera kusamala kwambiri; onetsetsani kuti ndi oyera komanso opanda zotsalira, pogwiritsa ntchito burashi kuchotsa litsiro.
Omwe amapanga mabotolo amatseketsa mabotolo powawika mu njira yofooka ya bleach ndikutsuka bwino.
Omwe amapanga moŵa panyumba amatseketsa mabotolo mu chotsukira mbale, koma chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti muzitsuka zotsukira zilizonse zotsalira kuti sopo wotsalira asawononge mowa panthawi yokalamba.
Kumbukirani kuti pakumwa kwanu koyamba muyenera kuwonjezera 2/3 chikho cha shuga wa chimanga kapena china cholimbikitsidwa kuti musamwe, ndikuchiphatikiza ndikusakaniza pang'ono mu chidebe choyambira.
Pambuyo pokonza mowa, mowa umakhala wokonzeka kutsanulidwa m'mabotolo, pogwiritsa ntchito botolo lodzaza ndikuwonetsetsa kuti osachepera sentimita ziwiri ndi theka mulibe kanthu m'khosi mwa botolo kuti athandizire kuthira. chomaliza.
Mabotolowo amatsekedwa ndi woperekayo, kutsimikizira kuti kutsekedwa kwa zitsamba kwapangidwa. Zomwe zatsala ndikulunga mowa wanu woyamba kuti mutha kuyesa nawo paphwando losaiwalika ndi anzanu.
Gawo 4: Kukalamba
Kwa ambiri, gawo lovuta kwambiri ndikudikirira kuti mowa ufike msinkhu.
Ngakhale zakumwa zimamwa pambuyo pa masabata angapo, homebrew wamba amafika pachimake nthawi yayitali pakati pa masabata 8 ndi 15 atabotoloza, nthawi yomwe omwetsa mowa ambiri samayembekezera.
Pakukalamba, mowa umakhala ndi yisiti wambiri komanso yisiti wochulukirapo, ma tannins ndi mapuloteni omwe amapanga zokometsera zachilendo, amakhala pansi pa botolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chakumwa chikhale chabwino kwambiri, motero kudikira kudikira phindu lanu.
Kuyesera kuyerekezera pakati pa omwe amayamba kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa kuti amwe botolo loyamba ndi nthawi yodikirira yomwe imawatsimikizira kuti ndi ocheperako, kukalamba kwamasabata osachepera 3-4 ndikulimbikitsidwa.
Monga chidebe cha nayonso mphamvu, mabotolo amayenera kusungidwa pamalo ozizira, amdima popanda kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha.
Pokhapokha mutakhala kuti mukumwa mowa wambiri pansi pa kutentha, musasungire mabotolowo mufiriji milungu iwiri yoyambirira mutaphatikizira botolo.
Ndikosavuta kusiya mowa wa carbonate kwa milungu iwiri kutentha. Pakatha milungu iwiri yoyambirira, kuziziritsa mowawo kumawathandiza kuti azisintha mwachangu, chifukwa ma tanineti otsala, yisiti, komanso mapuloteni amatha mosavuta kuzizira.
Gawo 5: Kugwiritsa Ntchito
Tsiku lalikulu lakumenyanitsa mowa wanu woyamba wamira lafika. Pakukalamba, yisiti wochulukirapo, ma tannins, ndi mapuloteni akhazikika pansi pa botolo.
Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti mukamamwa mowa wanu woyamba mugalasi, mumasiya madzi pang'ono mu botolo. Komabe, ngati chidutswa chaching'ono chikalowa mugalasi, musadandaule, sichingakuvulazeni.
Malizitsani mwambo wopembedza mowa wanu woyamba: kununkhiza chilengedwe chanu, kusilira mtundu wake ndi mutu wake wonyezimira ndipo pamapeto pake imwani chakumwa chanu choyamba osameza.
Tikukhulupirira kuti bukhuli lidzakuthandizani pantchito yosangalatsa yopanga mowa wanu woyamba kunyumba.
Pakukonzekera, tengani zolemba zonse zomwe mukuwona kuti ndizoyenera ndipo ngati mtanda woyamba sukugwirizana ndendende momwe mungakonde, musataye mtima. Yesaninso; Nthawi zambiri, zinthu zabwino zimatenga kanthawi.
