Pakati pa Sierra de Catorce, the Mzinda Wamatsenga de Real de Catorce nthawi zonse amayembekezera alendo kuti awafotokozere zamakedzedwe ake amigodi ndikuwonetsa malo ake abwino. Tikukupatsani chiwongolero chathunthu ku tawuni yosangalatsa ya Potosí.
1.Kodi Real de Catorce ili kuti?
Real de Catorce ndi tawuni ya Potosino yomwe ili mkati mwa Sierra de Catorce pamtunda wopitilira 2,700 mita pamwamba pamadzi. Ndi mutu wa boma la Catorce, lomwe lili kumpoto kwa boma la San Luis Potosí. Real de Catorce inali tawuni yamigodi pakati pa zaka za 1770 ndi zaka khumi zoyambirira za 20th century ndipo nyumba zosiyanasiyana zomangidwa munthawi yopambana ndizo zokopa alendo. Mu 2001, Real de Catorce idaphatikizidwa mu dongosolo la Mexico Magical Towns kutengera cholowa chake, zomangamanga zakale, chikhalidwe chawo chokhala m'modzi mwamipando yayikulu yachitukuko cha Huichol, ndi nthano ndi miyambo yawo.
2. Kodi tauni idadzuka bwanji?
Sizikudziwika kuti mtsempha woyamba wa siliva udapezeka liti, koma mu 1772 tawuniyi idalipo kale. Mitsempha yayikulu yoyamba idapezeka mu 1778 ndipo mu 1779 dziko la Guatemala lochokera ku Spain Silvestre López Portillo adakhazikitsa tawuniyi dzina lake Real de Minas de Nuestra Señora de la Limpia y Purísima Concepción de Guadalupe de los Álamos de Catorce. Tidzamvetsetsa chifukwa chake chidafupikitsidwa kwa Real de Catorce. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 19, migodi ya Real de Catorce inali yachiwiri pakupanga padziko lonse lapansi. Chuma chachikulu cha siliva chidatha kumapeto kwa 1910.
3. Kodi nyengo yanga ikundidikira bwanji ku Real de Catorce?
Tawuni ya Real de Catorce ili ndi nyengo yayitali yamapiri, yotetezedwa ndi kutalika kwake kwa 2,728 mita pamwamba pa nyanja. Miyezi yozizira kwambiri ndi yozizira kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi, kutentha kochepa kumakhala kotsika 11 ° C mu Disembala ndi Januware. Komabe, thermometer imatha kutsika mpaka 5 ° C m'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa chake muyenera kusamala. Nthawi yotentha kwambiri, kuyambira Juni mpaka Ogasiti, mulingo wa mercury uli pafupifupi 22 ° C.
4. Kodi mitunda yayitali ndi iti?
Mzinda wapafupi kwambiri ku Potosí ku Real de Catorce ndi Matehuala, womwe uli pamtunda wa makilomita 61. kuchokera ku Pueblo Mágico, ngakhale ulendowu umatenga nthawi yopitilira ola limodzi kuti abwerere omwe akuyenera kuperekedwa kulowera ku Cedral ndi San Juan de Vanegas. Kuti muchoke ku San Luis Potosí, likulu la boma, kupita ku Real de Catorce, muyenera kuyenda makilomita 256. kulowera kumpoto kulowera Matehuala. Saltillo ili pa 287 km., Zacatecas pa 310 km. ndi Mexico City pa 673 km. ndikupita ku San Luis Potosí.
5. Kodi zokopa zazikulu za Real de Catorce ndi ziti?
Kulemera kwa migodi komwe Real de Catorce idakhala kwazaka mazana atatu kudasiya nyumba ndi mabwinja ofunikira, monga Parroquia de la Purísima Concepción, Church of the Virgin of Guadalupe, Casa de la Moneda, Ghost Town, Palenque de Gallos, Plaza de Toros, Ogarrio Tunnel, Hacienda Laguna Seca ndi milatho ina, makamaka Zaragoza. Kukhalapo kwamphamvu kwachikhalidwe cha Huichol ku Magic Town kutha kuyamikiridwa mu nkhalango ya Wirikuta, Cerro El Quemado komanso luso la mtunduwu. Zokopa za Real de Catorce zimakwaniritsidwa ndi nthano za mtawuniyi komanso luso lake lokoma zophikira.
6. Nchiyani chodziwika bwino mu Parroquia de la Purísima Concepción?
La Purísima Concepción ndi woyera mtima woyang'anira anthu ogwira ntchito m'migodi ku Spain komanso ogwira ntchito m'migodi aku Mexico komanso omwe amatenga ntchito zachuma omwe amapezerapo mwayi m'mitsempha yasiliva yamtawuniyi adamupangitsanso kukhala mtetezi wawo woyera. Chithunzi cha kachisi wazaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu ndi neoclassical, chokhala ndi mabulashi a Doric, ndipo mkati mwake mumayimira guwa la Neo-Gothic, lomwe lidakhazikitsidwa koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20. Pakhoma pali zoyikapo guwa zingapo, zambiri mwazi zimaperekedwa ndi okhulupilira poyamikira zabwino zomwe adalandira. Zidutswa zina zamtengo wapatali za tchalitchichi ndi chitoliro chake kuyambira 1834, chomwe chili ndi zitoliro 1,200 komanso chithunzi cha San Francisco de Asís.
7. Mbiri yakale ya fano la Saint Francis waku Assisi ndi yotani?
Chithunzi cha San Francisco de Asís chomwe chimalemekezedwa mu Parishi ya Immaculate Conception chinali choyamba mu Tchalitchi cha Guadalupe, chomwe chili mu gulu la Real de Catorce. Ana azaka khumi ndi zinayi amamuyitana El Charrito ndi Panchito ndi zipani zake, zomwe zimakondwerera pakati pa Seputembara 25 mpaka Okutobala 12, omwe amapezeka ndi alendo zikwizikwi ndi alendo, modzipereka komwe kwakula pakapita nthawi . Malinga ndi mwambo, fanolo lidafika mtawuni kumbuyo kwa bulu, komwe sikunadziwike.
8. Kodi Mpingo wa Namwali wa ku Guadalupe ndi wotani?
Mpingo uwu uli ndi chachilendo chachilendo kuti umapezeka mkati mwa gulu la Real de Catorce. Unamangidwa kuti uike m'manda akufa onse odziwika bwino mtawuniyi mkatikati mwa kachisi komanso manda, ndipo mkati mwake muli manda 70 a anthu olemera, ansembe ndi ena azaka 14 zapamwamba. Kachisi wa Namwali wa Guadalupe ndiye malo oyamba okhala fano la San Francisco de Asís, lomwe tsopano lili ku Parroquia de la Purísima Concepción. Kumbali imodzi ya tchalitchi kuli tchalitchi chakale kwambiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira matupi asanaikidwe m'manda.
9. Kodi Ghost Town ili kuti?
Dera la Real de Catorce lomwe limadziwika ndi dzina loti Pueblo Fantasma ndi mabwinja a mgodi wa Compromiso ndi malo omwe mchere umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'migodi ya Concepción adapindula. Mabaibulo awiri amatsutsa za chiyambi cha dzina la Ghost Town. Chimodzi chikuwonetsa kuti zidachitika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe am'derali omwe malowa amapeza nthawi zina pachaka, pomwe kusiyanasiyana kwapakati pa shaft ndi kunjaku kumapangitsa kuti pakhale chinyezi chomwe chimaphimba chilengedwe. Mtundu wina wa dzina lakuti Ghost Town ndiwowoneka bwino ndipo wasiyidwa.
10. Kodi Timbewu tinamangidwa liti?
Nyumbayi idamalizidwa mu 1863 ndipo mchaka chomwecho kupanga ndalama zasiliva kunayamba, monga zikuwonetsedwa ndi zidutswa zomwe zimasungidwa. Mu 1866, ufumu waku France womwe udalanda Mexico udalamula kuti atseke nyumbayo. Town Hall ya tawuniyi idalemba kalata yopempha a Maximiliano kuti athetse lamuloli, ndikupempha General Tomás Mejía kuti akhale womunyamulira pamaso pa mfumu. Komabe, kalatayo sinayankhidwe, mwina chifukwa mu June 1867, Mejía ndi Maximiliano adawomberedwa ku Santiago de Querétaro. Pali ndalama za Real de Catorce chisanafike chaka cha 1863, koma zidapangidwa m'misonkhano yakumaloko. Tsopano Casa de la Moneda ndi Chikhalidwe Chachikhalidwe.
11. Kodi pali ndalama zotsalira za omwe amatolera ndalama?
Ndalama zisanu ndi zitatu zochokera mu 1811 ndizosowa kwambiri komanso zofunika kwambiri mwazomwe zimapangidwa mtawuniyi ndipo ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi mafani aku Mexico komanso akunja a numismatics. Ndi chidutswa cha siliva chokhala ndi m'mphepete mosalala ndi gawo losasinthasintha la mamilimita 38. Popeza ndizosowa, mtundu wina ungagulidwe $ 50,000 ndipo chifukwa chake umangowonongeka. Linasindikizidwa mkati mwa nthawi yovuta ya ulamuliro wa Ferdinand VII waku Spain ndi othandizira a wotchedwa King Felón.
12. Kodi chidwi cha Palenque de Gallos ndi chiyani?
Omenyera tambala amapanga chisangalalo chotsutsana komanso kutchova njuga m'maiko angapo aku Latin America ndipo, pamodzi ndi ndewu za ng'ombe, zinali zosangalatsa zomwe okonda migodi adachita zaka khumi ndi zinayi pakati pa zaka za zana la 18 ndi 20. Real de Catorce inali ndi imodzi mwa zombo zazikulu kwambiri ku Mexico ndipo bwalo lamapangidwe achiroma tsopano limapereka ziwonetsero zikhalidwe, pambuyo pobwezeretsanso mu 1977 pomwe lidapezanso kukongola kwake kwakale.
13. Kodi Plaza de Toros idatsegulidwa liti?
Bwalo lamasewera olimbana ndi ng'ombe ku Real de Catorce lidakhazikitsidwa mu 1791 ndipo malinga ndi mwambo, inali mphotho kwa anthu chifukwa chololedwa pampando wachifumu waku Spain wa King Carlos IV El Cazador. Tsoka ilo, nyumba zambiri zidasokonekera chifukwa cha magulu ankhondo omenyera mzaka za 19th. Chinali chinthu chobwezeretsa mu 1863 kuti abweretse chikondwerero cholimba ku Real de Catorce, koma patadutsa zaka 5 nthawi yoletsa kupha ng'ombe idayamba. Olimbana ndi ng'ombe zazikulu ziwiri adadutsa m'bwaloli: Ponciano Díaz, wotchedwa El Torero Charro ndi «Ojitos», mphunzitsi wa Rodolfo Gaona.
14. Chifukwa chiyani Ngalande ya Ogarrio idamangidwa?
Ngalande yotalika mita 2,300 yomwe tsopano ndi yokopa alendo inali imodzi mwamaukadaulo akuluakulu ku Mexico kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 ndi koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Inamangidwa ndi a Counts of La Maza, olemera amalonda aku Spain aku migodi, omwe adawutcha Ogarrio, kwawo ku Cantabria. Ngalandeyi, yomwe lero ndi njira yolowera kwa anthu, idamangidwa kuti alowemo ndi kutuluka kwa zida ndi ogwira ntchito mgodi ndipo migodi yomwe yasungidwa kosasinthika kwazaka zopitilira 100 imathabe kuyamikiridwa.
15. Kodi ku Hacienda Laguna Seca ndi chiyani?
Pafupi ndi Real de Catorce malo omwe kale anali hacienda amapezeka, komwe kuli kotheka kusirira chilengedwe chomwe mezcal idapangidwa zaka mazana angapo zapitazo. Makina opanga zakumwa zakale adasinthidwa kukhala amakono, koma nyumbayi idakhalabe ndi kapangidwe kake, ndi kapangidwe kake kamapangidwe, monga zipinda zazikulu pamwamba pa milu ya nayonso mphamvu, mphero ndi zotolera. Momwemonso, ndizotheka kusilira uvuni wamiyala wophikira maguey ndi chimney chakale cha njerwa. Mapesi a maguey tsopano amafika pafakitale ndi magalimoto, komabe mutha kupuma malo omwe amayendera ndi nyulu.
16. Kodi chidwi cha Bridge la Zaragoza ndi chiyani?
Mlatho waukulu komanso wokongola, angapo ku Real de Catorce, uli panjira yopita kumanda ndi ng'ombe yamphongo yakale, ndipo ndi wakale kwambiri ku Pueblo Mágico. Khoma lake ndilopangidwa ndimakona atatu ndipo pakati pake lili ndi benchi yayitali komanso yomaliza yokongola. Mlathowu udutsa pamtsinje womwe watayika pakati pa mapiri, ndikupereka mawonekedwe abwino.
17. Kodi pali njira zilizonse zokopa alendo zokhala ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito?
Mtauni muli mgwirizano womwe umatchedwa Caballerangos de Real de Catorce, womwe umatsogolera alendo kudzera munjira zitatu zosangalatsa kwambiri za Sierra de Catorce, za Cerro Grande, za Pueblo Fantasma ndi za Quemado. Njira ya Cerro Grande yaima pamigodi ya San Agustín ndi Milagros, kumapanga a Zapato ndi Los Riscos komanso ku Ghost Town. Njira yapadera yopita ku Ghost Town imaphatikizapo kuyima mgodi wa Purísima Concepción. Ruta del Quemado ndiye komwe amapita ku Cerro del Quemado. Ngati mukufuna kuchita zachikale, awalembeni pamahatchi.
18. Kodi kufunikira kwa Cerro El Quemado ndi kotani?
A Wixárikas kapena a Huichols amapanga gulu lachi India lochokera ku Sierra Madre Occidental, imodzi mwazikhalidwe zamakolo awo ndikugwiritsa ntchito peyote, hallucinogenic cactus yomwe imapezeka ku Mexico. Malo opatulika opezera peyote ndi Cerro El Quemado ku Real de Catorce, "Malo omwe dzuwa limatulukira" kwa anthu amtunduwu. M'chipululu ichi chomwe chikuwoneka ngati dziko lotenthedwa, maulendo amitundu yosiyana ya Huichol amatha, omwe amapita kukalankhulana ndi milungu yawo ndi makolo awo.
19. Kodi nkhokwe ya Wirikuta ndiyofunika motani?
Ndi gawo lopatulika la a Huichols, pafupifupi mahekitala 140,000 osungitsa malo, omwe mitundu yawo yayikulu ya zomera, yopatulika kwa anthu amtunduwu, ndi peyote, nkhono yotchedwa hallucinogenic cactus yomwe amadya pamwambo wawo. Peyote ali pachiwopsezo chotha ndipo malo ake okhala ku Mexico ndi Wirikuta. Gawo labwino la zomera ndi zinyama za Wirikuta ndizofala, ndiye kuti zimangokhala komweko, chifukwa chake ndi mtundu wowopsezedwa womwe kusowa kwawo kukhoza kukhala kuwononga chikhalidwe cha Huichol. Golden Eagle, choyimira ku Mexico, ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zokongola kwambiri ku Wirikuta.
20. Kodi Huichol ndi wotani?
Zojambula za Huichol ndizokongola, monga zithunzi kapena matebulo a ulusi, chida chawo chodziwika bwino kwambiri. Izi ndi zithunzi zokongola komanso zokongola, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi stamens patebulo lokutidwa ndi sera ndi utomoni. Ngakhale kupanga matabwa kwakhala kwamakono pogwiritsa ntchito ulusi wamalonda ndi mikanda yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndizotheka kupeza zidutswa zenizeni, zopangidwira miyambo.
21. Kodi ndi nthano zazikulu ziti za tawuniyi?
M'dziko lamigodi yaku Mexico pali nthano yamunthu wamzukwa, yemwe ku Real de Catorce amatchedwa El Jergas. Amadziwika kuti ndi munthu yemwe amadzipangira chovala chamigodi ndikunyengerera wogwira naye ntchito kuti apite naye kumalo osafikirika, komwe wogwira ntchitoyo amasiyidwa ndikupezedwa ndi anzawo, chifukwa chazidziwitso zomwe El Jergas achoka panjira. . Akatswiriwa akuti nkutheka kuwona El Jergas atavala chisoti chake ndi nyali yamigodi akuyenda mumphangayo ya Ogarrio kufunafuna anthu ogwira ntchito m'migodi osayembekezera. Nthano ina yodabwitsa ya Real de Catorce ndi ya Los Dos Bradencieros.
22. Kodi nthano ya The Two Brawlers ili bwanji?
Nthanoyi imati Valentin ndi Valente, anthu awiri ogwira ntchito m'migodi, amangokhala moyo podikira Loweruka kuti aledzere ndi pulque. Nthawi ina ataledzera, adayamba mkangano ndipo adaganiza zothetsa nkhaniyi pomenya nkhonya kunja kwa pulqueria. Popeza palibe ngakhale m'modzi mwa iwo amene amakhoza ngakhale kumenya nkhonya, adatunga mipeni yawo ndipo pamene ankabayana, munthu wina adawonekera ndikuwamenya ndi chingwe, ndikuwasiya atakomoka. Atadzuka kuledzera, onse adakumbukira kuti khalidweli limawoneka ngati Francis Woyera waku Assisi ndipo atapita kukachisi, adawona woyera mtima ali ndi chizolowezi chake atang'ambika, poganiza kuti adabayidwa.
23. Nchiyani chodziwika bwino mu gastronomy ya Real de Catorce?
Ku Real de Catorce mutha kudya zakudya zokoma kwambiri za Potosí. Zina mwazakudya zofunika kwambiri ndi kanyenya waukwati, nkhumba yophika ndi ancho chili; enchiladas potosinas opangidwa ndi nyemba zonunkhira ndi tsabola wofiira; ma cabochons ndi nopales okhala ndi phwetekere, anyezi ndi zitsamba zonunkhira. Zakumwa wamba ndi mead ndi colonche.
24. Kodi ndingakhale kuti?
Real de Catorce ili ndi mahotela osavuta komanso osangalatsa, monga El Real, Ruinas del Real, El Rincón del Pintor, Shantiniketan - Morada de Paz; ndi Hotel Real Bonanza. Alendo ambiri ku Magic Town amakonda kukhala mumzinda wapafupi wa Matehuala, 61 km kutali. kuchokera ku Real de Catorce, komwe Hotel María Esther, Hotel Casa Real Matehuala ndi Las Palmas Midway Inn amadziwika. Mtauni ya Cedral, 35 km. kuchokera ku Real de Catorce, ndiye Hotel Desierto.
25. Kodi malo odyera abwino ndi ati?
Mesón de la Abundancia, yomwe ili ku Lanzagorta 11, imayamikiridwa chifukwa cha pizza ndi pasitala. Café Azul, ku Lanzagorta 27, amatulutsa zokometsera zokoma ndi mikate. Realbucks, yomwe ili ku Lanzagorta, imapereka khofi wabwino kwambiri wa Veracruz, wokhala ndi makeke okoma. Al Gusto ndi nyumba yaku Italiya yomwe ili ku Calle Lerdo de Tejada 3, yoperekera pasitala watsopano wokhala ndi kununkhira kochokera ku Italy. Zosankha zina ndi malo odyera a Hotel El Real, Tolentino's ndi Restaurante Monterrey.
Tikukhulupirira kuti ulendo wanu wotsatira ku Real de Catorce wokongola udzakhala ndi zochitika zosaiwalika ndikuti bukuli lidzachita pang'ono. Tiwonana posachedwa.
