Danzon ili ndi magawo anayi m'mbiri yake ku Mexico: yoyamba, kuyambira pomwe idafika mpaka nthawi zowawa zakusintha kwa 1910-1913.
Gawo lachiwiri likhala ndi gawo lokhazikika pakusintha kwa wailesi ndipo lingafanane ndi magawo oyamba a discography, likhala logwirizana ndi mitundu yonse yazosangalatsa pakati pa zaka 1913 ndi 1933. Gawo lachitatu likhala logwirizana ndi zida zoberekera ndi malo osangalalira komwe kumamveka mawu ndi njira zotanthauzira danzon - maholo ovinira ndi orchestra -, yomwe imatiuza kuyambira 1935 mpaka 1964, pomwe maholo ovinawa amayenera kusiya malo awo ovomerezeka kumadera ena ovina zomwe zisinthe mitundu yazovina ndi magule. Pomaliza, titha kuyankhula za gawo lachinayi la ulesi ndi kubadwanso kwatsopano kwa mitundu yakale yomwe yabwezeretsedwanso kukhala magule odziwika bwino - omwe sanasiye kukhalapo-, kuteteza kukhalapo kwawo, ndikuwonetsa kuti danzón ili ndi dongosolo zomwe zingapangitse kuti zisathe.
Chiyambi cha gule yemwe sadzafa
Kuyambira kale, chifukwa chakupezeka kwa azungu komwe tikudziwika kuti America, kuyambira zaka za zana la 16 komanso pambuyo pake, masauzande akuda aku Africa adafika ku kontrakitala yathu, akukakamizidwa kugwira ntchito makamaka pazinthu zitatu: migodi, minda, ndi serfdom. . Dziko lathu silosiyana ndi izi ndipo, kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, njira yobwereketsa ndalama ndi njira zopititsira patsogolo kukhazikitsidwa zakhazikitsidwa ndi nzika zaku Europe, Europe ndi Eastern.
Mwazinthu zina, chikhalidwe cha New Spain chikuyenera kuganiziridwanso, chomwe, mwachidule, chinali ndi utsogoleri wotsogola waku Spain, pomwepo ma Creole ndi mitu yambiri yomwe sanatchulidwe ndi omwe amalankhula aku Spain akuwonekera. Ma cacique achilengedwe adzapitilirabe pomwepo, kenako nzika zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pomenyera nkhondo komanso akuda akumenyera ntchito. Pamapeto pa zovuta izi tili ndi ma castes.
Tangoganizirani munthawi imeneyi zikondwerero zina zomwe anthu onse adachita bwino, monga Paseo del Pendón, pomwe pamakumbukiridwa kulamulidwa kwa Aaztec aku Mexico-Tenochtitlan.
Kutsogolo kwa chiwonetserochi kudabwera akuluakulu achifumu komanso azipembedzo omwe amatsatiridwa ndi gulu lomwe ophunzirawo adzawonekere malinga ndi momwe aliri, koyambirira kapena kumapeto kwa mzerewu. M'mapwando awa, pambuyo paulendo, panali zochitika ziwiri zomwe zimawonetsa malo onse ochezera, monga omenyera ng'ombe. Pamsonkano wina wapamwamba wa chikumbutso cha sarao gala la gululo lidapezekapo.
Zitha kuwonedwa kuti mkati mwa nthawi ya nthawi yachikoloni kukhazikitsidwa kwakukulu kunakhazikitsidwa pakati pa "olemekezeka" ndi magulu ena aanthu, omwe ziphuphu zonse ndi zovuta zimanenedwa. Pachifukwa ichi, ma syrups, mavinidwe ang'onoang'ono apadziko lapansi ndi magule omwe anthu akuda adachita adakanidwa ngati achiwerewere, osemphana ndi malamulo a Mulungu. Chifukwa chake, tili ndi zovina ziwiri zosiyana kutengera gulu lomwe adatengera. Kumbali imodzi, ma minuettes, ma boleros, ma polkas ndi ma contenda omwe amaphunzitsidwa ngakhale m'masukulu ovina oyendetsedwa bwino ndi Viceroy Bucareli ndipo pambuyo pake adaletsedwa ndi Marquina. Kumbali inayi, anthu adakondwera ndi déligo, zampalo, guineo, zarabullí, pataletilla, mariona, avilipiuti, masamba komanso koposa zonse, zikafika pakuvina mokwiya, zarabanda, jacarandina ndi, ndithu, kupatukana.
Gulu lodziyimira pawokha lodziyimira palokha linalembetsa kufanana ndi ufulu wamagulu a anthu; komabe, malangizo amakhalidwe abwino ndi achipembedzo adakalipobe ndipo sakanaphwanyidwa.
Nkhani zomwe wolemba wamkulu komanso wokonda kuchita izi, a Don Guillermo Prieto, atisiyira nthawiyo, zimatipangitsa kulingalira pazosiyana pang'ono zomwe zachitika mchikhalidwe chathu, ngakhale pali kusintha kwamakina azinthu zambiri zomwe zachitika pafupifupi zaka 150.
Kapangidwe kazosinthidwako kanasinthidwa mochenjera ndipo, ngakhale tchalitchicho chinataya mipata yamphamvu zachuma munthawi ya Kukonzanso, sichinasiyiretu chikhalidwe chawo, chomwe chidalimbikitsanso ena.
Mndandanda wa njira zomwe zafotokozedwa pano modumphadumpha zidzakhala zofunikira kwambiri pakumvetsetsa njira zomwe anthu aku Mexico akumasulira zovina. Genera yomweyi, m'malo ena, ili ndi mawu osiyana. Apa kubwereza kukakamizidwa kwa anthu aku Mexico kudzazindikira kusintha kwa abambo ndi amai powonetsa kukonda kwawo kuvina.
Izi zitha kukhala chinsinsi choti ma Mexico ndi "asitoiki" tikamavina.
Danzon imawoneka popanda kupanga phokoso lambiri
Tikadanena kuti panthawi ya Porfiriato -1876 mpaka 1911- zinthu sizinasinthe ku Mexico, tikadakhala kuti tikuulula bodza lalikulu, popeza kusintha kwaukadaulo, chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu zidawonekera panthawiyi. Zikuwoneka kuti kusintha kwamatekinoloje kwawonetsedwa mwachangu kwambiri ndikuti pang'onopang'ono zakhudza miyambo ndi zikhalidwe komanso mochenjera pagulu. Kuyesa kuyamikira kwathu titenga nyimbo ndi makanema ake makamaka. Tikunena za kuvina kwa San Agustín de Ias Cuevas lero ku Tlalpan, monga chitsanzo cha zina zomwe zidachitika zaka mazana asanu ndi anayi ku Country Club kapena ku Tivoli deI Elíseo. Gulu la orchestral la maphwando awa anali opangidwa ndi zingwe ndi matabwa, makamaka, ndipo m'malo otsekedwa - omwera ndi malo odyera - kupezeka kwa limba kunali kosapeweka.
Limba inali chida chogawanitsira nyimbo mwabwino kwambiri. Nthawi imeneyo njanji inali ikufalikira ponseponse mdziko, magalimoto adapereka kujambula koyamba, matsenga ojambula adayamba, ndipo kanema adawonetsa kubwebweta kwawo koyamba; kukongola kunachokera ku Europe, makamaka kuchokera ku France. Chifukwa chake, pakuvina mawu a Frenchified monga "glise", "prime minister", "cuadrille" ndi ena amagwiritsidwabe ntchito, kutanthauza kukongola ndi chidziwitso. Anthu ochita bwino nthawi zonse amakhala ndi piyano kunyumba kwawo kuti aziwonetsera pamisonkhano ndikumasulira zidutswa za opera, operetta, zarzueIa, kapena nyimbo zaku Mexico zaku Esterellita, kapena mobisa, chifukwa inali nyimbo yochimwa, monga Perjura. Madanzoni oyamba adafika ku Mexico, omwe adamasuliridwa pa piyano ndi kufewa komanso kusungunuka, adaphatikizidwa kukhothi ili.
Koma tisayembekezere zotsekemera ndikuganizira pang'ono za "kubadwa" kwa danzon. Pophunzira za danzon, kuvina ndi kutsutsana kwa Cuba sikuyenera kuiwalika.Kuchokera pamitundu iyi kapangidwe ka danzon kumachitika, gawo limodzi lokha ndi lomwe limasinthidwa-makamaka-.
Kuphatikiza apo, tikudziwa kuti habanera ndiyomwe idatsimikizika kuti ndiyofunika kwambiri, popeza mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu imatulukamo (ndipo chofunikira kwambiri, "mitundu mitundu" itatu: danzón, nyimbo ndi tango). Olemba mbiri yakale amaika habanera ngati nyimbo kuyambira chapakatikati pa 19th century.
Amati zotsutsana zoyambilira zidasamutsidwa kuchokera ku Haiti kupita ku Cuba ndipo ndikumangirira dziko, gule waku England yemwe adakhala ndi mpweya mpaka pomwe adayamba kuvina ku Havana padziko lonse lapansi; Zinali ndi magawo anayi mpaka atachepetsedwa mpaka awiri, kuvina m'mafanizo ndi magulu. Ngakhale Manuel Saumell Robledo amadziwika kuti ndi bambo wa Cuba quadrille, Ignacio Cervantes ndiye amene adasiya kwambiri ku Mexico pankhaniyi. Atathawa ku United States adabwerera ku Cuba ndipo, kenako ku Mexico, cha m'ma 1900, komwe adapanga magule angapo omwe adakopa olemba nyimbo aku Mexico monga Felipe Villanueva, Ernesto Elourdy, Arcadio Zúñiga ndi Alfredo Carrasco.
M'magulu ambiri a piano a Villanueva, kudalira kwake mitundu yaku Cuba ndikodziwikiratu. Zimagwirizana ndi zomwe zili m'magulu awiriwa. Nthawi zambiri woyamba amakhala ndi mawonekedwe oyamba chabe. Gawo lachiwiri, limasinkhasinkha kwambiri, lofooka, lokhala ndi rubato tempo ndi "otentha", ndipo limabweretsa kuphatikiza koyambirira kwambiri. Mbali iyi, komanso modulatory modulatory, Villanueva amapitilira Saumell, monga mwachilengedwe kwa wopanga m'badwo wotsatira ndipo amalumikizana kwambiri ndiuzimu ndi wopitilira mtundu wa Cuba, Ignacio Cervantes.
Chotsutsanacho chinali kutenga malo ofunikira mu nyimbo ndi magulemu aku Mexico, koma monga mavinidwe onse, ali ndi mitundu yake yoti anthu atanthauzidwe malinga ndi chikhalidwe ndi miyambo yabwino. M'misonkhano yonse ya Porfirian, gulu la anthu olemera lidasungabe mitundu yakale yakale ya 1858.
Mwanjira iyi, tili ndi zinthu ziwiri zomwe zipange gawo loyamba la kupezeka kwa danzon ku Mexico, komwe kuyambira mu 1880 mpaka 1913, pafupifupi. Kumbali imodzi, kuchuluka kwa piyano komwe kudzakhala galimoto yofalitsira unyinji ndipo, mbali inayi, zikhalidwe zomwe zingalepheretse kufalikira kwake, kuzichepetsa kupita kumakhalidwe ndi miyambo yabwino.
Nthawi zakukula ndi chitukuko
Pambuyo pa zaka makumi atatu, Mexico ipambana mu nyimbo zotentha, mayina a Tomás Ponce Reyes, Babuco, Juan de Dios Concha, Dimas ndi Prieto akhala otchuka mu mtundu wa danzón.
Kenako pakubwera kulira kwapadera koyambitsa kumasulira kulikonse kwa danzon: Hei banja! Danzón adadzipereka kwa Antonio ndi abwenzi omwe amatsagana naye! mawu omwe abweretsedwa likulu kuchokera ku Veracruz ndi Babuco.
Amador Pérez, Dimas, amapanga danzon Nereidas, yomwe imaphwanya malire onse otchuka, chifukwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati dzina la ogulitsira ayisikilimu, ophika nyama, malo omwera, nkhomaliro, ndi zina zambiri. Likhala danzón waku Mexico yemwe akuyang'anizana ndi Cuba Almendra, waku Valdés.
Ku Cuba, danzon idasinthidwa kukhala cha-cha-chá pazifukwa zamalonda, nthawi yomweyo idakulitsa ndikusamutsa danzon la ovina.
M'zaka za m'ma 1940, Mexico idaphulika kwambiri ndipo moyo wake wausiku unali wopambana. Koma tsiku limodzi labwino, mu 1957, munthu wina adawonekera kuyambira zaka zomwe malamulo adasankhidwa kuti azisamalira chikumbumtima chabwino, omwe adalamula kuti:
"Maofesiwa ayenera kutsekedwa nthawi imodzi m'mawa kuti atsimikizire kuti banja la ogwira ntchito lilandila malipiro awo komanso kuti banja lawo silikuwonongedwa m'malo achitetezo," a Ernesto P. Uruchurtu. Regent wa Mzinda wa Mexico. Chaka 1957.
Kugonana ndi kubadwanso
"Zikomo" pakuyesa kwa Iron Regent, maholo ambiri ovina adasowa ndipo, mwa khumi ndi awiri omwe analipo, ndi atatu okha omwe adatsala: EI Colonia, Los Angeles ndi EI California. Adapezekapo ndi otsatira okhulupilika amtundu wovina, omwe adasunga njira zoyera zovina. M'masiku athu, SaIón Riviera yawonjezedwa, yomwe m'mbuyomu inali chipinda chaphwando ndi ovina, wotetezera nyumba zovina bwino za SaIón, pakati pa omwe danzon ndi mfumu.
Chifukwa chake, tikubwereza mawu a Amador Pérez ndi Dimas, pomwe adanenanso kuti "nyimbo zamasiku ano zibwera, koma danzon sidzafa."
