Pokhala wamtchire komanso wamphamvu ngati m'masiku a Kaputeni Juan de Grijalva, mtsinjewu ndi mphamvu yosakhudzidwa yomwe imatuluka m'mapiri ataliatali a Guatemala.
Pokhala wamtchire komanso wamphamvu ngati m'masiku a Kaputeni Juan de Grijalva, mtsinjewu ndi mphamvu yosakhudzidwa yomwe imatuluka m'mapiri ataliatali a Guatemala ndipo ikangotenga madzi a Lacantún, Usumacinta imalowa m'chigawo cha Mexico ndi zonse zomwe zilipo. yachangu komanso yakuya mpaka ikalowe mu phwando lokongola la Boca del Cerro.
Imapitiliza kulowera chakumwera chakum'mawa chakumadzulo ndipo imadutsa njira zikuluzikulu pakati pa zigwa ndi mapiri omwe amadutsa m'miyala yamiyala, miyala ndi miyala yamchenga ya Cretaceous, yomwe imakhala pamtunda wambiri wopangidwa ndi ma Jurassic.
Ikangosonkhanitsa madzi a Lacantún, Usumacinta imalowa m'dera la Mexico, komwe imadziwika kuti ndi yakuya komanso mwachangu; Posakhalitsa, imadutsa mzinda wokongola wa Mayan wa Yaxchilán, kenako madzi ake amakhala osamvetsetseka, magombe amakula ndipo ma rapids oyamba amapezeka mumtsinje wamndende, wa Anaité, wotsatiridwa ndi El Cayo, Piedras Negras ndipo pamapeto pake San José, ku Kuchokera pomwe imagwera pakati pamipata yomwe idatsegulidwa ndi mphamvu zaka masauzande ambiri kukokoloka kwa mitsinje.
Pambuyo PAKUDUTSA KWA KUMAPETO KWA 200 KM
Potsirizira pake, mtsinje wopatulika wa anyani umalowa m'chigonjetso cha Boca del Cerro canyon, ntchito yokongola ya chilengedwe yomwe ili ndi matanthwe akuluakulu 200 mita, yomwe imasiyana ndi mtundu wowala wonyezimira wa mlatho wachitsulo womwe umadutsa Mbali yakumpoto. Chifukwa cha kukongola kwake komanso kusiyanasiyana kwachilengedwe, canyon iyi ndi imodzi mwazokopa kwambiri za tawuni ya Tenosique, ku Tabasco, komwe nkhani zake zimakhudza mapanga akuluakulu omwe amafikira mabwinja a Palenque ndi ma tunnel omwe adakumbidwa kalekale.
Kuti ndiulule zinsinsi izi, monga nthawi zonse ndimatsagana ndi Pedro García Conde, Amaury Soler, Ricardo Araiza, Paco Hernández ndi Ramiro Porter; ulendo wathu akuyamba pa doko San Carlos, kumene ife kunyamuka m'mawa.
Kupyola MU KUYENDA
Ndikutalika kwapakati pa 150 m ndi utoto wobiriwira wa emerald, kuyenda kwa Usumacinta kumatha kupitilira makilomita angapo, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wosirira makoma ataliatali omwe amakhala mbali zonse za canyon ndi nkhalango zokongola zomwe chimakwirira ngakhale nsonga zazitali kwambiri. Tidapempha woyendetsa bwato wathu, Apolinar López Martínez, kuti atiperekeze ku malo othamanga a San José, kuchokera kumeneko kuti tikayambe kufufuza kumtsinje.
Tikamayenda panyanjayi sititaya tsatanetsatane wa zomera zokongola zotentha zomwe zimakuta mapiri ndi magombe. Poyamba mfumu ya malowa anali mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), omwe adakwera mpaka 50 kapena 60 m kulengeza kukhathamira kwake m'nkhalango ya Mayan. Lero pali zitsanzo m'malo akutali kwambiri a Lacandonia, koma malo awo amakhala ndi mitundu ina yocheperako monga El Ramón, Canshán, Pukté, Mocayo ndi Bellota gris. Anyani a Howler, jaguar, ocelots, tapir, nswala zoyera, mileme, ndi mbalame zambirimbiri ndi zokwawa amakhala kumeneko.
Tikafika pafupi kwambiri ndi gombe, phokoso la injini limachenjeza gulu la anyani akulira (Allouatta palliata) atakhala mumtengo; Pokwiya, a Saraguato amatipatsako konsati ya kufuula kwachisoni komwe kumamveka monsemo. Palibe zoo padziko lapansi, ngakhale zitakhala zamakono komanso zogwirira ntchito, zomwe zingathe kupereka chithunzi chokongola chomwe timakonda kwambiri. Kupitilira apo, pagombe lotsetsereka ndikubisika ndi zomera, tidaona nswala yoyera.
CHITSANZO CHOCHITIKA
Pakati pa mafunde a San José ndi San Joseíto timasanthula phanga, osati lakuya kwambiri, koma malo ozungulirawo ndiabwino, opangidwa ndi miyala ikuluikulu yamatanthwe momwe mumakhala miyala ikuluikulu, zipilala zachilengedwe ndi mipata yabwino kukwera.
Kubwerera pamtsinje timapita kumalo komwe kuli ma tunnel; Atafunsidwa ngati akudziwa chilichonse chokhudza iwo, Don Apolinar akuyankha kuti alipo 12 ndipo adafukulidwa ndi Federal Electricity Commission pakati pa 1966 ndi 1972 kuti aphunzire za geology ya deralo. Apa, mtsinje wa Usumacinta uli ndi m'lifupi mwake kuyambira 150 mpaka 250 m, ndipo ngakhale kumtunda ukuwonekera kukhala wosakhazikika komanso wodekha, pansi pake umayenda mwamphamvu komanso mwachangu, wokhoza kukokera wosambira waluso kwambiri mpaka pansi. Mwina pachifukwa ichi mabwato omwe amawoloka madzi ake ndiopapatiza, kuti athe kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri.
Mu mphindi zochepa tili kutsogolo kwa ngalande yotseguka kukhoma lakumadzulo kwa canyon, pamtunda wamamita asanu ndi atatu pamwamba pamtsinje; mumphangayo mumakhala wamakona anayi, wokhala ndi malo otalika 60 m ndi mbali ziwiri zazifupi. Ngalande yachiwiri ili pakhoma lina. Ili ngati yofanana ndi yomwe tangofufuza, koma yayikulu pang'ono ndikulifupi, yokhala ndi kutalika kwa 73.75 m ndi mbali yakumanzere mbali yakumanzere yoyeza mita 36.
Abuluzi, mileme, akangaude, ndi tizilombo tomwe tikukwawa ndiomwe amakhala m'malo amenewa osadabwitsa, mkati mwake muli mafupa a nyama, maimidwe, zingwe zophulika -permacord- komanso mapangidwe osalala a calcite omwe amatuluka madzi odzaza ndi carbon dioxide.
MISILI YA PAKAL
Pafupi ndi apa pali mapanga awiri, woyamba m'mbali mwa mtsinje. Ngakhale nthano imanena kuti imafikira maulamuliro a King Pakal mwiniwake, ndi 106 m kutalika kokha; chachiwiri chimakwaniritsa zabwino zathu; Ndi cholumikizira chakale, chokhala ndi tambirimbiri ndi zipinda zazikulu zogawidwa magawo awiri, momwe ma stalactites okongola amakongoletsa zipindazo kutalika kwa 20 m. Ngakhale Don Apolinar akufotokoza kuti phangalo lidapezeka ndi omwe adakwera mapiri zaka zapitazo, zidutswa za ceramic pakhomo zimawonetsa machitidwe omwe adapatsidwa kale chisanachitike ku Spain.
Zofukulazi zikutikumbutsa kuti kuphatikiza pakufunika kwachilengedwe, Usumacinta ili ndi tanthauzo lambiri m'mbiri, popeza munthawi zakale inali njira yolumikizirana ndi chitukuko cha Mayan munthawi zakale, komanso misonkho yake. Akuyerekeza kuti munthawi yakukongola kwakukulu kwachikhalidwe cha Mayan, chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 700 cha nthawi yathu ino, anthu opitilira 5 miliyoni adakhala m'derali. Mizinda ya Yaxchilán, Palenque, Bonampak ndi Pomoná ikufotokoza kufunika kwa Usumacinta, komanso masauzande enanso ang'onoang'ono.
Poganizira zomwe zatchulidwazi ndikuyesera kuti zisungidwe mpaka mibadwo yamtsogolo, boma la boma la Tabasco likukonzekera kuphatikiza malo okongola awa ndi System of Protected Natural Areas, omwe angawapatse malo okwana 25,000 ha Dzinalo la Usumacinta River Canyon State Park.
