Anthu aku Huasteco m'nthawi zakale amakhala kudera lalikulu lomwe limayambira kumpoto kwa Veracruz mpaka kumpoto kwa Tamaulipas, komanso kuchokera ku Gulf Coast mpaka kudera lotentha la San Luis Potosí.
Tawuni yam'mphepete mwanyanjayi idazolowera malo osiyanasiyana koma idasunga ubale wapamtima wina ndi mzake, chilankhulo chawo ndiye njira yabwino yolankhulirana; Chipembedzo chawo chimapanga miyambo ndi zikondwerero zomwe zimawagwirizanitsa, pomwe kupanga kwa ceramic kumafuna kuti onse omwe amaumba dziko la Huasteco atenge nawo chilankhulo chophiphiritsira chomwe chidakhala ngati zokongoletsa ku china chawo chachikulu; mafano ake, mbali inayi, adayambitsanso mitundu yabwinobwino, ndikulimbikitsa chidwi chomwe chimazindikiritsa anthuwa.
Ngakhale tikudziwa kuti kunalibe gulu lazandale lomwe limagwirizanitsa dziko lakale la Huasteca, anthuwa amafuna kuti m'midzi yawo ndi m'mizinda momwe nyumba zawo, zomangamanga, makamaka kapangidwe ndi nyumba zawo, zizipangitsa dziko lophiphiritsa mwambo womwe gulu lonse linazindikira kuti ndi wawo; ndipo, kwenikweni, ichi chikanakhala chikhalidwe chake chotsimikizika.
Kuyambira zaka makumi awiri zoyambirira za zaka makumi awiri, pomwe kafukufuku woyamba wasayansi adachitika kudera la Huastec, akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale adapeza njira zokhalamo zomwe zidasiyanitsa gulu ili ndi zikhalidwe zina zomwe zidakula ku Mesoamerica.
M'zaka za m'ma 1930, wofukula mabwinja Wilfrido Du Solier anachita zofukula m'malo osiyanasiyana ku Huasteca wa Hidalgo, makamaka ku Vinasco ndi Huichapa, pafupi ndi tawuni ya Huejutla; Kumeneku adapeza kuti mawonekedwe anyumbayi anali mawonekedwe awo ozungulira ndi mawonekedwe awo; Wofufuzayu adapeza kuti, kwenikweni, malipoti akale a apaulendo omwe adayenda kuderali akuwonetsa zomwe zapezedwa ndi umboni wazomwe anthu ankachita kale, mofanana ndi milu yomwe ili ndi milondo yozungulira yomwe anthu akumaloko amatcha "cues"; Modabwitsa, patadutsa zaka zambiri, zomangamanga zakale ku Huasteca zidasunga dzinali, lomwe oligonjetsa adapatsa mapiramidi aku Mesoamerican, pogwiritsa ntchito mawu ochokera kwa mbadwa za Antilles.
Ku San Luis Potosí, a Du Solier adasanthula malo ofukula mabwinja a Tancanhuitz, komwe adapeza kuti malowa adamangidwa papulatifomu yayikulu yayikulu, ndikuti nyumbazo zidalumikizidwa mofananamo, ndikupanga bwalo lalikulu lomwe mawonekedwe ake, odabwitsa kwambiri, amatsatira kumpoto chakumadzulo-kumwera chakum'mawa. Mapangidwe apansi a nyumbazi ndi osiyanasiyana, mwachilengedwe olamulira mabwalo ozungulira; ngakhale chimodzi mwazitali kwambiri. Wofukula za m'mabwinja anapezanso nsanja zina zazing'ono zamakona okhala ndi makona ozungulira komanso nyumba zina zodabwitsa zokhala ndi mapulani osakanikirana, zokhala ndi cholumikizira chowongoka komanso chokhota kumbuyo.
Wofufuzira wathu atakhala ku Tamposoque, mchigawo chomwecho, zomwe anapeza zimatsimikizira kukhalapo kwa nyumba m'njira zosiyanasiyana; chomwe chimasiyanasiyana ndikupereka mawonekedwe achilendo ku tawuni iliyonse ndikugawana nyumbazi. M'derali, zikuwoneka kuti omangawo amafunafuna masomphenya ogwirizana a malo opatulika, omwe amapezeka ntchito zomanga zimamangidwa mozungulira pamapulatifomu.
Zowonadi, nzika za Tamposoque zidakonza nsanja yayikulu 100 ndi 200 mita kutalika, yochokera kumadzulo mpaka kummawa, potero ikuwonetsa kuti miyambo yofunikira kwambiri ndi miyambo idachitika kulowera kwa dzuwa. Kumapeto chakumadzulo kwa gawo loyamba la nyumbayi, omanga mapulaniwo adamanga nsanja yotsika, yaying'ono yamakona okhala ndi makona ozungulira, omwe masitepe ake ofikira adatsogolera pomwe kumatuluka dzuwa; Kutsogolo kwake, nsanja zina ziwiri zozungulira zimapanga malo azikhalidwe.
Pamwamba pa pulatifomu yoyambayi, omangawo adakweza china chachitali kwambiri, chokhala ndi mapangidwe a quadrangular, mita 50 mbali; Masitepe ake okhala ndi mawonekedwe akulu amakhala chakumadzulo ndipo ali ndi mapangidwe awiri okhala ndi mapiramidi okhala ndi dongosolo lozungulira, okhala ndi masitepe olowera mbali yomweyo; Nyumbazi ziyenera kuti zinali ndi akachisi okhala ndi denga lokwanira bwino. Mukafika kumtunda kwa nsanja yayikulu ya quadrangular, mudzapeza imodzi yokhala ndi guwa lansembe, ndipo chakumunsi mutha kuwona kupezeka kwa zomangamanga zingapo zokhala ndi cholumikizira chowongoka komanso mbali yokhotakhota kumbuyo, ndikuwonetsa masitepe ake ndi njira yomweyo yolowera kumadzulo. Pamapangidwe amenewa payenera kuti panali akachisi, amakona anayi kapena ozungulira: panorama iyenera kuti inali yochititsa chidwi.
Kuchokera pazofufuza zomwe Dr. Stresser Péan adachita zaka makumi angapo pambuyo pake pamalo a Tantoc, ku San Luis Potosí, zimadziwika kuti ziboliboli zomwe zimazindikira milunguyo zinali pakatikati pamabwalo, pamapulatifomu kutsogolo kwa masitepe a maziko akulu, pomwe amapembedzedwa poyera. Tsoka ilo, monga zidachitikira ndi ziwerengero zambiri zosemedwa m'miyala yamchenga, a Tantoc adachotsedwa pamalo awo oyambilira ndi owonera ndi osonkhanitsa, kotero kuti pakuwawona kuzipinda zosungiramo zinthu zakale, umodzi womwe amayenera kukhala nawo pakupanga udasweka. zomangamanga zopatulika za dziko la Huasteco.
Tangoganizirani za momwe umodzi mwa midzi iyi uyenera kuti udawonekerapo nthawi yazisangalalo zazikulu pomwe nyengo yamvula idafika, komanso pomwe miyambo yomwe imalimbikitsa chonde m'chilengedwe idabala zipatso zake.
Anthu ambiri adapita kubwalo lalikulu lamatawuni; ambiri mwa anthuwa ankakhala omwazikana m'minda komanso m'midzi yapafupi ndi mitsinje kapena pafupi ndi nyanja; Pakadali pano, nkhani yakutchuthi yayikuru imafalikira pakamwa ndipo aliyense anali kukonzekera kutenga nawo mbali pachikondwererochi chomwe chidali chikuyembekezeredwa.
Mtauni chilichonse chinali chochitika, omanga anali atakonza makoma a nyumba zopatulika pogwiritsa ntchito stucco yoyera, ndikuphimba misozi ndi mikwingwirima yomwe mphepo ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa zidatulutsa. Gulu la ojambula linadzitangwanitsa kukongoletsa zochitika za gulu la ansembe ndi zifaniziro za milunguyo, pachithunzithunzi chomwe chingawonetse anthuwo mphatso zomwe manambala opatulika amapatsa opembedza onse omwe amasunga nthawi zoperekazo.
Amayi ena amabweretsa maluwa onunkhira ochokera kumunda, ndi mikanda ina yazipolopolo kapena zikopa zokongola zopangidwa ndi zigawo zoduladula za nkhono, momwe zithunzi za milungu ndi miyambo yochotsera mkati imayimilidwa.
Mu piramidi yayikulu, yayitali kwambiri, maso a anthu adakopeka ndi mkokomo wa nkhono zomwe anyamata ankhondo amatulutsa mwamphamvu; ma braziers, oyatsa usana ndi usiku, tsopano adalandira copal, yomwe idatulutsa utsi wonunkhira womwe udaphimba mlengalenga. Pamene phokoso la nkhono lidatha, nsembe yayikulu patsikuli inkachitika.
Poyembekezera chikondwerero chachikulu, anthu adangoyendayenda pabwalopo, amayi adanyamula ana awo kupita nawo mbali ndipo anawo amayang'ana mwachidwi zonse zomwe zidachitika mozungulira iwo. Ankhondo, atavala zodzikongoletsera m'mphuno mwawo, zikutu zawo zazikulu ndikumenyera nkhope zawo ndi matupi awo, adakopa chidwi cha anyamatawo, omwe adawona mwa iwo atsogoleri awo, oteteza dziko lawo, ndikulota za tsiku lomwe adzapindulitsenso polimbana ndi adani awo, makamaka motsutsana ndi a Mexica odedwa ndi anzawo, omwe nthawi ndi nthawi amagwa ngati mbalame zodya nyama m'midzi ya Huastec kufunafuna akaidi kuti apite nawo kumzinda wakutali wa Tenochtitlan .
Pakati pa guwa lansembe lalikulu panali chosemedwa chapadera cha mulungu yemwe amayang'anira kubweretsa chinyezi, komanso ndi chonde m'minda; Chiwerengero cha nambala iyi chinali chitanyamula chimanga chaching'ono kumbuyo kwake, chifukwa chake tawuni yonse idabweretsa mphatso ndi zopereka ngati chobwezera kukoma mtima kwa mulungu.
Aliyense ankadziwa kuti nthawi yamvula inatha pamene mphepo yochokera kugombe, yosunthidwa ndi zomwe Quetzalcóatl, idatsogolera namondwe ndi mvula yamtengo wapataliyo; Apa mpamene njala inatha, minda ya chimanga idakula ndipo kayendedwe katsopano ka moyo kanasonyeza anthu kuti mgwirizano wolimba womwe udalipo pakati pa omwe akukhala padziko lapansi ndi milungu, omwe adawalenga, sayenera kuduka.
