Ku koloni iyi, kum'mawa kwa Mexico City, chaka chilichonse nkhondo yodziwika bwino imayambiranso pomwe gulu lankhondo, motsogozedwa ndi General Zaragoza, lidagonjetsa mdani wake waku France mumzinda wa Puebla. Dziwani phwando ili!
M'dera la Thanthwe la Malo Osambira, kum'mawa kwa Mexico City, amakumbukira Nkhondo ya Puebla zinachitika Meyi 5, 1862. Tsiku lomwelo anthu mazana angapo adatembenukira m'misewu ya koloniyo ndi Cerro del Peñón kuti akaimire nkhondo yolemekezeka yomwe idadzutsa dzina la Mexico, pomwe asitikali owolowa manja, motsogozedwa ndi General Zaragoza, agonjetsa gulu lankhondo "losagonjetseka" French waku Napoleon III.
M'boma la Benito Juárez, komanso chifukwa cha bankirapuse, congress idapereka mu 1861 lamulo lomwe ngongole yomwe adachita ndi maulamuliro aku Europe idayimitsidwa kwa zaka ziwiri. England, Spain ndi France adakhazikitsa mgwirizano wophatikizika ndi cholinga chofuna kukakamiza boma la Mexico ndikusonkhanitsa zolipira ngongole zomwe zikugwirizana ndi mayiko onsewa. Chifukwa chake, mu Januwale 1862, asirikali amgwirizano wapatatuwu adafika ku Veracruz ndikulowa kudera la Mexico; koma mu Epulo, chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa zokonda pakati pa mayiko atatuwo, Spain ndi England adaganiza zosiya, popeza zolinga zaku France zokhazikitsira ufumu ku Mexico zinali zomveka.
Asitikali aku France, motsogozedwa ndi General Lorencez, adalowa nawo mkatikati mwa dzikolo, ndipo atachita zankhondo ku El Fortín ndikumenyana ndi asitikali aku Mexico ku Acutzingo, agonjetsedwa pa Meyi 5 ku Puebla ndi magulu ankhondo a Ignacio Zaragoza.
Kupambana kwa asitikali aku Mexico kudachitika chifukwa cha njira zodzitchinjiriza zopangidwa ndi Zaragoza m'mapanda a Loreto ndi Guadeloupe, komanso kulimba mtima komanso kulimba mtima kwa akazembe, maofesala ndi asitikali, omwe ali ndi zida zochepa zankhondo kuposa adani awo adapambana.
Mbiri yolembedwa yokhudza kutenga nawo mbali kwa asitikali osiyanasiyana a gulu la Mexico lomwe linakumana ndi achi French, koma mwa iwo onse ndi odziwika bwino Gulu Lankhondo Lachisanu ndi chimodzi la Puebla, kapena alireza, pokhala yemwe adapanga mzere pomwe nkhondo yamanja idachitikira.
Komabe, bwanji kukumbukira pa Thanthwe nkhondo yomwe idachitika mu Mzinda wa Puebla?
Thanthwe lakale
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 Mtsinje wa kazembe olekanitsidwa Woyera Yohane waku Aragon del Peñón, koma patapita nthawi mlatho unamangidwa womwe umalola kulumikizana pakati pa mizindayi.
Zinafika bwanji ku Thanthwe
Kukondwerera kwa Meyi 5 isanafike 1914, monga zikondwerero. Mwambowu udachokera ku San Juan de Aragón, yemwe adalandira kuchokera Nexquipaya, Puebla, kudzera ku Texcoco. Zikuoneka kuti anthu angapo a ku Aragon anali ochokera ku Nexquipaya ndipo anali ndi mabanja kumeneko, ndipo umodzi mwa zikondwerero zawo zinali zofananira nkhondoyi.
A Fidel Rodríguez, mbadwa ya Peñón, akutiuza kuti cha mu 1914 madera okhala tawuniyi adagawika, ndipo ubale pakati pa mabanja sunali wabwino. Pachifukwa ichi, gulu la anthu lidaganiza zopititsa patsogolo chikondwerero cha chikondichi ndi cholinga chogwirizanitsa mabanja ndi madera oyandikana nawo; motero, gululo linapita kukawona momwe limakhalira ku San Juan de Aragón.
Pambuyo pake, a Timoteo Rodríguez, limodzi ndi a Isiquio Morales ndi Teodoro Pineda, adakumana pamodzi ndi mabanja oyandikira kwambiri kuti achite zoyimira zawo; Pambuyo pake, Timoteo Rodríguez mwiniwake, Isiquio Cedillo, Demetrio Flores, Cruz Gutiérrez ndi Teodoro Pineda adayamba Kukonda Dziko woyang'anira kukonzekera chikondwererochi. Bungweli lidagwira ntchito mpaka 1952.
Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo mpaka pano, zosintha zina zasinthidwa muzovala komanso poyimira. Nthawi imeneyo zipolopolo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyimira mikangano, ngakhale panali kale mfuti; Pasanakhale pafupifupi akavalo onse kenako anali kugwiritsa ntchito abulu; zovala za ku France zasinthidwa, ndipo akuda kapena zacapoaxtlas sanapangidwe.
Mbiri ya bungwe
Mu 1952, a Timoteo adapereka zida zija kwa a Luis Rodríguez Damián ndikusiya udindo wachipanichi pagulu la anthu achangu. Nthawi imeneyo Peñón de los Baños Kukweza Board ndipo kwa zaka makumi anayi Mr. Luis adakhala Purezidenti wawo, kufikira 1993, chaka chomwe adamwalira, koma asanapange "Cinco de Mayo Civil Association", bungwe lomwe limayendetsa mwambowu ndipo motsogozedwa ndi a Fidel Rodríguez. Monga mukuwonera, uwu ndi mwambo womwe umachokera kwa agogo kupita kwa makolo komanso kuchokera kwa makolo kupita kwa ana.
Zina mwa ntchito zomwe bungweli limayang'anira ndikupeza zilolezo kuchokera ku nthumwi zandale komanso Mlembi wa Zachitetezo; Momwemonso, miyezi iwiri mamembala asanatuluke Lamlungu lililonse, akumatsagana ndi nyimbo za chirimía, kukalimbikitsa phwandolo ndikusonkhanitsa ndalama, nyumba ndi nyumba, kulipirira zina mwa ndalamazo. Mwanjira imeneyi, nthumwi zimathandizira ndi ndalama. Zosonkhanitsidwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulipira oimba, kugula mfuti ndi kulipira chakudya.
Otchulidwa
Pakadali pano onse omwe atenga nawo mbali apatsidwa script kuti achite ntchito yawo. Omwe akutchulidwa kwambiri ndi Manuel Doblado, Nduna Yowona Zakunja, AlirezaGeneral Prim, Admiral Dunlop, a Saligny, Juan Francisco Lucas, wamkulu wa Zacapoaxtlas, a General Zaragoza ndi Gral. Gutiérrez. Ili ndiye gulu la akazembe omwe amayimira mapangano a La Soledad, Loreto ndi Guadalupe.
Mfutiyo ndichofunikira kwambiri pakuyimira. A Zacapoaxtlas amapaka khungu lawo ndi mwaye, amavala mathalauza oyera, ma huaraches ndi capisayo, yomwe ndi malaya akuda okhala ndi nsalu kumbuyo kwake ndi chithunzi cha mphungu, ndi nthano monga ¡Viva México!, Chaka chankhondo, chaka chapano komanso pansi pa dzina la "Peñón de los Baños". Chipewa ndi choluka pakati, ena amavala maluwa achikhalidwe ndi bandana pa zipewa zawo. A Zacapoaxtlas ndi "okhala ndi mano"; ambiri amabweretsa mfuti za mfuti, mfuti, ndi zikwanje. Amanyamulanso barcina wawo, womwe ndi mtundu wa chikwama komwe amanyamula ma gorditas, mapazi a nkhuku, masamba, kapena china choti adye; amavalanso güaje wokhala ndi pulque. M'mbuyomu, zacapoaxtlas amangotuluka ndi bandana. Popeza iwo ochokera ku Zacapoaxtla anali abulauni, tsopano amadzipaka kuti adzisiyanitse ndi Achifalansa.
Khalidwe lina lomwe limawoneka ndi "naca", yemwe amayimira soldadera, mnzake wa zacapoaxtla. Amanyamula ngakhale mwana wamwamuna, wonyamula shawl; Amathanso kunyamula mfuti ndi chilichonse chofunikira kuti athandize msirikali.
Pali achinyamata omwe amachokera kumadera a Romero Rubio, Moctezuma, Pensador Mexicano ndi San Juan de Aragón, ndipo akufunsidwa kuti achoke ku France.
Phwando
M'mawa m'mawa akuda ochepa (zacapoaxtlas) ndi aku France amasonkhana, ndipo limodzi ndi nyimbo amayenda m'misewu.
Pa 8 koloko m'mawa miyambo ya mbendera kusukulu ya Hermenegildo Galeana. Pamwambowu pamakhala oimira nthumwi zandale, akazembe, okonzekera, apolisi ndi asitikali. Pambuyo pa perete m'misewu ikuluikulu ya Thanthwe. Gawo la sukulu, oyang'anira nthumwi, oyang'anira mabungwe, gulu la a Zacapoaxtlas, aku France, gulu lankhondo la Zaragoza, okwera, Pentathlon ndi ozimitsa moto amatenga nawo mbali pa izi.
Kumapeto kwa chiwonetsero cha ntchito yoyamba za nkhondo mu Malo oyandikana ndi Carmen. Kwa ola limodzi pali zipolopolo, mabingu ndi mafunde. Pambuyo pa nkhondo yoyamba iyi pali nthawi yopuma maola awiri. Anthu ena amaitanira oimba kunyumba kwawo kuti adzawaimbire zidutswa ndikuwapatsa chakudya.
Pa 4 koloko masana the Mapangano a Loreto Y Guadeloupe, mumsewu wa Hidalgo ndi Chihualcan. Apa akuyamba kuyimira kwa akazembe, komwe nkhondo yalengezedwa kupita ku Mexico. Atsogoleri onse amatenga nawo mbali ndiye pali comeliton; anthu onse amapita kukapereka zomwe ali nazo kudyetsa asitikali: amawabweretsera nsomba, abakha, matumbo, gorditas "kuti asadye moyipa kunkhondo.
Pambuyo pake, General Zaragoza adadutsa onaninso asitikali; amayang'anira ukhondo; ena amalamulidwa kuti azimeta tsitsi "kuti asamachite manyazi"; makamaka omwe amalowa nthawi yoyamba ameta tsitsi lawo.
Pambuyo pa mgwirizano, omenyerawo amakwera phirili kuti akwaniritse ntchito yomaliza za nkhondoyi, yomwe imatenga pafupifupi maola awiri. Asitikali aku France akukwera mbali ya eyapoti, pomwe asitikali aku Zacapoaxtlas akukwera Mtsinje wa Consulate. Atafika, a Zacapoaxtlas adazunza asitikali aku France ndipo mfuti zidaphulitsidwa; akafuna kuwagonjetsa, amatsika kuchokera kuphiri ndikuwathamangitsa kudera la Carmen, komwe kumakumananso, kenako gulu lankhondo limatembenuka ndipo aku France awomberedwa kumeneko.
Akamenyana, a Zacapoaxtlas amatenga kachilombo kakang'ono kamene amanyamula m'thumba lawo, kutafuna ndi kulavulira kapena kuponyera achi French kuti asonyeze chidani chawo.
Zitatha izi, asitikali onse apatsidwa mpumulo ndipo amathokoza. Akuluakulu onse amatenga nawo mbali, ndipo ndipamene khama lomwe likupezeka mchipanichi limayamikiridwa, pomwe ophunzira, okhutira, afotokoza "Wanga wamkulu, timatsatira!".
Kodi mumadziwa zakupezeka kwa chipanichi? Kodi mukudziwa china chilichonse chofanana? Tikufuna kudziwa malingaliro anu… Ndemanga pa ndemanga iyi!
