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Kuchokera mu 1601 mpaka 1767, amishonale achiJesuit adalowa mu Sierra Tarahumara ndikulalikira magulu azikhalidwe omwe amakhala mmenemo: Chínipas, Guazapares, Temoris, Pimas, Guarojíos, Tepehuanes, Tubares, Jovas komanso Tarahumaras kapena Rarámuri.

Kuchokera mu 1601 mpaka 1767, amishonale achiJesuit adalowa mu Sierra Tarahumara ndikulalikira magulu azikhalidwe omwe amakhala mmenemo: Chínipas, Guazapares, Temoris, Pimas, Guarojíos, Tepehuanes, Tubares, Jovas komanso Tarahumaras kapena Rarámuri.

Mwinanso azungu oyamba kufika ku Copper Canyon kapena ku Sierra Tarahumara anali mamembala a ulendowu motsogozedwa ndi a Francisco de Ibarra kupita ku Paquimé mchaka cha 1565, omwe, pomwe adayamba kubwerera ku Sinaloa, adadutsa mumzinda wapano wa Madera. Komabe, kulowa koyamba ku Spain, komwe kuli umboni, ndi 1589, Gaspar Osorio ndi anzake atafika ku Chínipas, kuchokera ku Culiacán.

Nkhani yokhudza kupezeka kwa mitsempha yasiliva idakopa atsamunda pakati pa 1590 ndi 1591, gulu linalowa ku Guazapares; Mu 1601 Captain Diego Martínez de Hurdaide adakonza njira yatsopano yolowera ku Chínipas, limodzi ndi aJesuit a Pedro Méndez, m'mishonale woyamba kulumikizana ndi a Rarámuri.

Juan de Font wa ku Catalan, mmishonale wa Amwenye a Tepehuanes ochokera kumpoto kwa Durango, anali m'Jesuit woyamba kulowa mu Sierra Tarahumara kuchokera kumtunda kwawo chakum'mawa ndipo adalumikizana ndi Tarahumara cha m'ma 1604, polowa m'chigwa cha San Pablo. Kudera lino adakhazikitsa gulu la San Ignacio komanso mozungulira 1608 a San Pablo (lero Balleza) omwe adapeza gulu laumishonale mu 1640. Kumapeto kwake, Tarahumaras ndi Tepehuanes adasonkhana, popeza derali linali malire pakati pa madera amitundu yonse.

Bambo Font adalowa mu Tarahumara kutsata phiri la Papigochi, koma adaphedwa mu Novembala 1616 pamodzi ndi amishonale ena asanu ndi awiri, panthawi yopanduka kwachiwawa kwa a Tepehuanes. Pogwira ntchito yaubusa, mapiri adagawidwa ndi maJesuit m'magawo atatu akulu amishoni ndipo aliyense adakhala wolamulira: La Tarahumara Baja kapena Antigua; a Tarahumara Alta kapena Nueva ndi a Chínipas omwe adalumikizana ndi mishoni za Sinaloa ndi Sonora.

Ndi mpaka 1618 pomwe bambo aku Ireland a Michael Wadding adafika kuderali kuchokera ku Conicari ku Sinaloa. Mu 1620 bambo wa ku Italy a Pier Gian Castani, mmishonale wochokera ku San José del Toro, Sinaloa, adafika, yemwe adapeza ulemu pakati pa Amwenye achi Chínipas. Atabwerera ku 1622 adapita ku Guazapares ndi Amwenye a Temoris ndikupanga ubatizo woyamba pakati pawo. Mu 1626, bambo Giulio Pasquale adakwanitsa kukhazikitsa ntchito ya Santa Inés de Chínipas, kuphatikiza madera a Santa Teresa de Guazapares ndi Nuestra Señora de Varohíos, woyamba pakati pa Amwenye aku Guazapares ndipo wachiwiri pakati pa Varohíos.

Cha m'ma 1632 kupanduka kwakukulu kwa amwenye aku Guazapares ndi Varohíos kudayamba ku Nuestra Señora de Varohíos, komwe bambo Giulio Pasquale ndi mmishonale wa ku Portugal Manuel Martins adawonongeka. Mu 1643 a Jesuit adayesa kubwerera kudera la Chínipas, koma a Varohíos sanalole; Chifukwa chake, komanso kwa zaka zopitilira 40, kulowa kwa amishonale ku Sierra Tarahumara kumbali ya chigawo cha Sinaloa kudasokonekera.

Lower ndi Upper Tarahumara Mu 1639, Abambo a Jerónimo de Figueroa ndi a José Pascual adakhazikitsa Mission ya Lower Tarahumara, yomwe idayamba kukulitsa umishonale mdera la Tarahumara. Ntchito yofunika iyi idayamba kuchokera ku mishoni ya San Gerónimo de Huejotitán, pafupi ndi tawuni ya Balleza, ndipo idakhazikitsidwa kuyambira 1633.

Kukula kwa ntchito yolalikirayi kudachitika potsatira zigwa zomwe zili pansi pa Sierra chakum'mawa kwake. Mu Seputembala 1673, amishonale a José Tardá ndi a Tomás de Guadalajara adayamba ntchito yaumishonale mdera lomwe amatcha Tarahumara Alta, yomwe, kwa zaka pafupifupi zana, idakwaniritsa kukhazikitsa mishoni zofunikira kwambiri mzindawu. Mapiri.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwatsopano kwa ntchito ya Chínipas Kufika kwa amishonale atsopano ku Sinaloa mu 1676 kunapatsa a Jesuit chilimbikitso chofuna kugonjetsanso a Chínipas, kotero pakati pa chaka chomwecho Abambo Fernando Pécoro ndi Nicolás Prado adakhazikitsanso ntchito ya Santa Agnes. Mwambowu udakhazikitsa gawo lakukula ndipo ntchito zina zidakhazikitsidwa. Kumpoto adafufuza mpaka ku Moris ndi Batopilillas, ndipo amalumikizana ndi Amwenye a Pima. Anapita chakum'mawa kwa Chínipas, mpaka Cuiteco ndi Cerocahui.

Mu 1680 mmishonale Juan María de Salvatierra anafika, amene ntchito yake inafotokoza zaka khumi za mbiri yakomweko. Ntchito yaumishonale idapitilira kumpoto ndipo mu 1690 maimidwe a El Espíritu Santo de Moris ndi San José de Batopilillas adakhazikitsidwa.

Kupanduka kwachikhalidwe Kukhazikitsidwa kwachikhalidwe chakumadzulo kwa magulu azikhalidwe za ku Sierra, kunayankha ngati gulu lotsutsa lomwe lidakhalapo m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri ndi chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, lidafikira pafupifupi gawo lonse la Sierra ndikusokoneza kupita patsogolo kwa amishonale m'malo osiyanasiyana kwakanthawi. Kupanduka kofunikira kwambiri kunali: mu 1616 ndi 1622, a Tepehuanes ndi Tarahumaras; guazapares ndi Varohíos mu 1632 mdera la Chínipas; pakati pa 1648 ndi 1653 Tarahumara; mu 1689, pamalire ndi Sonora, a Janos, a Sumas ndi a Jocomes; mu 1690-91 panali kuwukira kwakukulu kwa Tarahumara, komwe kunabwerezedwa kuyambira 1696 mpaka 1698; mu 1703 chipolowe ku Batopilillas ndi Guazapares; mu 1723 ma cocoyomes akumwera; Kumbali ina, Apache anaukira ku chipululu m'kati mwa theka lachiŵiri la zaka za zana la 18. Pomaliza, mopanda mphamvu, panali kuwukira kulikonse m'zaka za zana la 19.

Kukula kwa migodi Kupezeka kwa mchere wamapiri kunali kofunikira pakugonjetsedwa kwa Tarahumara ku Spain. Kuyitanira kwazitsulo zamtengo wapatali kunabwera atsamunda omwe adatulutsa anthu ambiri omwe adakalipo. Mu 1684 anapeza mchere wa Coyachi; Cusihuiriachi mu 1688; Urique, kumunsi kwa chigwa, mu 1689; Batopilas mu 1707, komanso pansi pa chigwa china; Guaynopa mu 1728; Uruachi mu 1736; Norotal ndi Almoloya (Chínipas), mu 1737; mu 1745 San Juan Nepomuceno; Maguarichi mu 1748; mu 1749 Yori Carichí; mu 1750 Topago ku Chínipas; mu 1760, komanso ku Chínipas, San Agustín; mu 1771 San Joaquín de los Arrieros (ku Morelos); mu 1772 migodi ya Dolores (kufupi ndi Madera); Candameña (Ocampo) ndi Huruapa (Guazapares); Ocampo mu 1821; a Pilar de Moris mu 1823; Morelos mu 1825; mu 1835 Guadalupe y Calvo, ndi ena ambiri.

19th century ndi Revolution Around 1824 State of Chihuahua idakhazikitsidwa, gawo lomwe lidatenga nawo gawo pamikangano ndi zovuta za dziko lathu m'zaka zonse za zana la 19, chifukwa chake mu 1833 kutayika kwa mishoni kudapangitsa kulandidwa kwa madera oyanjana a anthu achilengedwe komanso osakhutira nawo. Kulimbana pakati pa a Liberals ndi Conservatives, komwe kudagawanitsa Mexico kwazaka zambiri, kudasiya mapiri pomwe kumachitika nkhondo zingapo, makamaka mdera la Guerrero. Nkhondo yolimbana ndi United States inakakamiza kazembe wa boma kuthawira ku Guadalupe, ndi ku Calvo. Kulowererapo kwa France kudafikiranso m'derali. Munthawi imeneyi boma la boma lidapeza chitetezo kumapiri.

Kusankhidwanso kwa Benito Juárez, mu 1871 ndiye komwe kunayambira kuwukira kwa Porfirio Díaz yemwe, mothandizidwa kwambiri ndi anthu akumapiri, adalunjika kuchokera ku Sinaloa mu 1872 ndipo adafika ku Guadalupe ndi Calvo kupitiliza ku Parral. Mu 1876, panthawi ya chipwirikiti chomwe chinamupangitsa kuti akhale wolamulira, Díaz anali ndi chifundo ndi mgwirizano wa a Serranos.

Mu 1891, kale pakati pa nthawi ya Porfirian, kuwukira kwa Tomochi kunachitika, kupanduka komwe kunatha ndikuwononga kwathunthu tawuniyi. Pa nthawi imeneyi ndi pamene boma linalimbikitsa kulowa likulu la mayiko akunja, makamaka mmigodi ndi nkhalango; ndipo kuchuluka kwa malo okhala ku Chihuahua kunapanga latifundia yayikulu yomwe idafikira kumapiri. Zaka zoyambirira za 20th century zidawonera polowera njanji yomwe idafika m'matawuni a Creel ndi Madera.

Mukusintha kwa 1910, Tarahumara anali malo komanso otenga nawo mbali pazomwe zikufuna kusintha dziko lathu: Francisco Villa ndi Venustiano Carranza anali m'mapiri, ndikuwoloka.

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Kanema: Kuuraya mwana wangu kuti ndiwane mushonga wekurima (Mulole 2024).