Tsoka ilo, kukhazikitsidwa kwa misewu yayikulu komwe ntchito, ntchito ndi anthu akuchulukirachulukira, kuphatikiza nkhalango komanso kuchuluka kwa madzi, kukuwopseza kuti adzaumitsa Chipululu cha Chihuahuan.
Chithunzi chomwe tili nacho cha china chake chimatsimikizira, kwakukulu, malingaliro omwe timaganizira za icho, chifukwa chake, chithandizo chomwe timapereka. Poganizira za chipululu, anthu ambiri nthawi zambiri amawona kuwala kowopsa, kosasangalatsa komanso kowopsa, koma ngati atayang'ana pa prism, mitundu yonse ya sipekitiramu imatha kuzindikira kuti ili ndi zosawoneka kumapeto ake awiri. Wina amamva mawu oti "chipululu" ndikuganiza milu yamchenga yosatha yoyendetsedwa ndi mphepo yosagonjetseka. Chipululu: chimodzimodzi ndi "kusiya", "zopanda pake" ndi "chipululu", "ufumu wa andende", "ufumu wa ludzu", "malire pakati pa chitukuko ndi nkhanza", mawu ndi mawu omwe amafotokozera mwachidule malingaliro ofala kwambiri za malowa kotero ofunikira mbiri yadziko, zachilengedwe zapadziko lonse lapansi komanso kuwongolera nyengo. Popeza malo awo ndi okhalamo amakhala m'mphepete, chuma chochuluka komanso chosiyanasiyana chomwe amabisala sichikaikiridwa kawirikawiri.
Ngakhale amapanga gawo limodzi mwamagawo atatu apadziko lapansi ndi theka la dziko lathu, madera ali m'zigawo zosamvetsetseka komanso zopanda phindu. Gombe Lalikulu, Mojave, Sonoran, Atacama, amatchula zigawo zazikulu zouma za kontrakitala yathu, koma Chigwa cha Chihuahuan ndiye chachikulu kwambiri, chosiyanasiyana kwambiri, ndipo mwina sichinaphunzirepo kwenikweni. Danga lalikululi limakhala ndi zamoyo zosiyanasiyana: matumba, madambo, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, madambo, zigwa ndi mapiri amitengo omwe amapanga zilumba zazilumba zakumwamba. Zonsezi zimalimbikitsa njira zodabwitsa zamoyo.
Chipululu ichi chidayamba kupanga zaka mamiliyoni asanu zapitazo, ku Pliocene. Masiku ano, kumadzulo, dera lamapiri komanso lolimba la Sierra Madre Occidental limagwiritsa ntchito madzi ochokera m'mitambo yochokera ku Pacific Ocean, pomwe kum'mawa kwa Sierra Madre Oriental imachitanso chimodzimodzi ndi mitambo yomwe imayandikira kuchokera ku Gulf of Mexico, chifukwa kotero mvula wamba imangosiyana pakati pa 225 ndi 275 mm pachaka. Mosiyana ndi madera ena ouma, mvula yambiri imapezeka m'miyezi yotentha ya Julayi mpaka Seputembala, yomwe, pamodzi ndi kutalika kwake, imakhudza nyama zamtchire zomwe zimakulira kumeneko.
Kukula kwa Chipululu cha Chihuahuan sikungokhala kukula kwake: World Wildlife Fund (WWF) imapatsa malo achitatu padziko lapansi chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwake, popeza kuli kwawo 350 (25%) mwa mitundu 1,500 yodziwika ya cacti , ndipo ali ndi njuchi zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Momwemonso, mumakhala mitundu pafupifupi 250 ya agulugufe, abuluzi 120, mbalame 260 ndi zinyama pafupifupi 120, ndipo ndi amodzi mwa madera ochepa padziko lapansi omwe ali ndi nsomba zofunika kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala m'madambo osatha monga Cuatro Cienegas, Coahuila.
Ziwerengerozo ndizodabwitsa, koma njira zopulumutsira zomwe zadzetsa mitundu yachilendo yazamoyo ndizochulukirapo. Ingoganizirani: zitsamba ngati kazembe (Larrea tridentata) yemwe amatha kupirira dzuwa lotentha osalandira dontho lamadzi kwa zaka ziwiri; achule omwe amapondereza gawo la mphutsi, kapena tadpole, ndipo amabadwa atakula kuti asamadalire chitsime cha madzi kuti aswane; zomera zomwe zimatuluka nthawi iliyonse mvula ikagwa zimasintha kuwala kukhala chakudya ndipo, patapita masiku, zimawagwetsera kuti zisatayike madzi ake ofunikira; kuchuluka kwa abuluzi opangidwa ndi akazi okhaokha omwe amaberekana, kapena m'malo mwake amapangidwa, kudzera mu parthenogenesis popanda kufunika kwamwamuna wololera; cacti yaying'ono komanso yakale yomwe imangamera paphiri padziko lapansi, kapena zokwawa zokhala ndi zotentha pafupi ndi mphuno zawo zomwe zimawalola kusaka usiku. Ichi ndi gawo laling'ono la zomwe tikudziwa zomwe zilipo m'chipululu cha Chihuahuan, kachigawo kakang'ono kathupi kofunika modabwitsa, kansalu kopitilira muyeso wazaka zopitilira mpaka zaka zokwanira.
Ngakhale ndizowona kuti zamoyo zam'chipululu ndizolimba modabwitsa, ndizowona kuti minofu yawo ndiyosakhwima. Mitundu ina yamtunduwu imapezeka kudera lomwe kulibe china chilichonse mwachilengedwe, ndipo chipululu cha Chihuahuan chimakhala ndi ziwopsezo zambiri chifukwa chakudzipatula kumadera ake ambiri. Khalidwe ili ndi ulemu, komanso likuwunikiranso kufooka kwa moyo chifukwa chosowacho chomwe chimasiyidwa ndi nyama ikasowa sichingasinthe ndipo chitha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa kwa ena. Mwachitsanzo, mwini malo ku San Luis Potosí atha kusankha kugwiritsa ntchito pomanga nyumba ndikuchotsa mosazindikira mtundu wina wa nkhadze monga Pelecyphora aselliformis kwamuyaya. Tekinoloje yalola kuti anthu akhale ndi moyo, koma yasokoneza zachilengedwe, ndikuboola maubale ndi kuyika moyo wawo pachiswe.
Kuphatikiza pa kunyalanyaza komanso kunyansidwa kwa anthu ambiri kuzipululu, mwina kufalikira kwakukulu kwa Chigwa cha Chihuahuan kwalepheretsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito zowongolera ndi kuphunzira. Ili lingakhale gawo loyambirira kuthana ndi mavuto amakono monga kugwiritsa ntchito madzi mopanda tanthauzo.
Kumbali inayi, ntchito zachikhalidwe, monga kuweta ziweto, zakhudza kwambiri chipululu, chifukwa chake, pakufunika kulimbikitsa njira zokwanira zopezera ndalama. Popeza mbewu zimakula pang'onopang'ono chifukwa chosowa madzi - nthawi zina cactus wa mainchesi awiri amakhala ndi zaka 300 - kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa maluwa kuyenera kulemekeza nthawi zomwe zimafunika kuti ziberekane msika usanafunike. Tiyeneranso kutchulapo kuti mitundu yachilengedwe, monga bulugamu, imawononga zachilengedwe zokha, monga popula. Zonsezi zakhudza chipululu kwambiri, mpaka kufika poti titha kutaya chuma chambiri ngakhale tisanadziwe kuti zilipo.
Kuyendera Chipululu cha Chihuahuan kuli ngati kuyandama munyanja yamtunda ndi ma guamis: wina amazindikira kukula kwake kwenikweni komanso kocheperako. Zachidziwikire, m'malo ena a San Luis Potosí ndi Zacatecas zikuluzikulu, zikhatho zikwizikwi zimalamulira malowa, koma chipululu ichi chimakhala kutalika kwa kazembe wambiri, mesquite, ndi mitengo ina ndi zitsamba zomwe zimateteza magulu ambiri azomera ndi nyama. Kukhazikika kwake kumawonekera, chifukwa mthunzi ndi mizu ya tchire zimathandizira kusiyanasiyana kwachilengedwe.
Maonekedwe a malowa sawonetsa msanga chuma chawo chochuluka: kuwonedwa kuchokera mlengalenga akuwoneka ngati malo owonekera ochepa, mawonekedwe amchere amasokonezedwa mwadzidzidzi ndi mawanga obiriwira afumbi. Chipululu chimawulula zinsinsi zake, ndipo nthawi zina, kwa iwo okha omwe ali ofunitsitsa kupirira kutentha kwake ndi kuzizira, kuyenda kumalo ake akutali ndikuphunzira kutsatira malamulo ake. Momwemonso nzika zoyambirira zomwe kupezeka kwawo kwasinthidwa kukhala mayina am'madera: Lomajú, Paquimé, Sierra de los Hechiceros Quemados, Conchos, La Tinaja de Victorio.
Mwina chidwi chidabadwa chifukwa cha kuwala komwe kumachotsa matupi awo ngakhale amiyala, kuchokera m'ndakatulo yosavuta ya nzika zake, kuchokera ku fungo lomwe kazembe amatulutsa mvula, kuchokera kumphepo yomwe imakankhira mitambo yokongola kwambiri padziko lapansi, kuchokera pazosiyidwa ndi nthawi pamwala, phokoso lomwe limayendayenda usiku, kuli chete komwe kumamveka m'makutu komwe kumazolowera kuchuluka kwamizinda kapena kungodabwitsako kotchedwa maluwa, abuluzi, mwala, mtunda, madzi, mtsinje, chigwa, mphepo, kusamba. Chidwi chinasanduka chilakolako, chilakolako chodziwa ... ndipo chikondi chinakula kuchokera pa onse atatu.
