Madamu a San Bernardino, kumadzulo kwa mapiri a Zongolica, ndi gawo la malo opatsa chidwi kwambiri chifukwa amaphatikizapo kuphulika kwa phiri, m'dera lamapiri lomwe limapangidwa pafupifupi ndi khola.
Madamu a San Bernardino, kumadzulo kwa mapiri a Zongolica, ndi gawo la malo osangalatsa kwambiri okhudza nthaka chifukwa amaphatikizapo kuphulika kwa phiri, m'dera lamapiri lomwe limapangidwa pafupifupi ndi khola.
Mapu a INEGI (El4B66 sikelo 1: 50,000) akuwonetsa bwino mizere yazomwe zimatchedwa Kuphulika kwa Otzelotzi, omwe kondomu yake imasiyanitsidwa ndi kupumula kwa mapiri ndi zigwa.
Rubén Morante anali atayendera malowa zaka zapitazo ndipo anali ndi lingaliro loti zitsambazi zitha kukhala mozungulira ma calderas a cone wamkulu, zomwe zingapangitse zida zaphulusa kuti zikhale chidwi kwambiri. Komabe, kufufuzidwa kwa tsambalo kunatipangitsa kuganiza kuti madambowa adapangidwa ndi kutsekeka kwa zigwa, chifukwa chotsatira kwa chiphalaphala chotsatizana kuchokera kuphulika kwa Otzelotzi.
Otzelotzi ndi amodzi mwamapiri ophulika kwambiri kumwera kwa Neovolcanic Axis mdera la Puebla, ndipo imagwirizana chimodzimodzi ndi mzere womwe umayambira ku Cofre del Perote kupita ku Citlaltépetl ndi Atlitzin, ngakhale komaliziraku kuli 45 km. Tsoka ilo, palibe chomwe chimasindikizidwa chokhudzana ndi Otzelotzi, ngakhale katswiri wa sayansi ya zakuthambo Agustín Ruiz Violante, yemwe adaphunzira miyala yam'malo mderali, akutsimikizira kuti mapangidwe ake ndi a quaternary, kotero kuti kukhalapo kwake kumangobwerera khumi ndi awiri okha zaka masauzande.
Kutalika kwa madambowo, pafupifupi 2,500 m asl, ndikofanana ndi mapiri a Zempoala, ku Morelos. Ku Mexico, ndi madoko okhaokha a El Sol ndi La Luna, ku Nevado de Toluca, omwe amawaposa kwambiri, chifukwa ali pamtunda wa 4,000 m. Ubwino umodzi wamagombe a San Bernardino kuposa ena onse, makamaka Grande Lagoon, ndi kuchuluka kwa mabassmouth bass, trout ndi nsomba zoyera zomwe zimatulutsa.
Maganizo
Malo okongola omwe asanafike kunyanja ya San Bernardino ndi ofunika kuyendera okha. Kuchokera pamphambano yomwe ili pamtunda wamakilomita ochepa kuchokera ku Azumbilla, pamsewu waukulu wa Tehuacán-Orizaba, njira yomwe imadutsa malo amitengo okhala ndi zigwa mpaka 500 mita yayamba. zitunda zina zimayimira masamba akuda, pomwe zina zimawonetsa kukokoloka kwa mitengo posankha. Mwamwayi, phiri lamapiri la Otzelotzi limatetezedwa ndi anthu okhala ku San Bernardino, omwe amangolola mitengo yochepa kuti ipange makala.
Tinafika m'mawa kwambiri, mitambo ikadali pogona pamapiri. Rubén akutsimikizira kuti pali nthano zonena za zisangalalo ndi mizimu, chifukwa chake ntchito yathu imodzi ndikufunsa mafunso okhalamo akale kwambiri mtawuniyi. Funso lina limanena za komwe phiri limayambira: otzyotl, mu Nahuatl, amatanthauza kutenga pakati, yotztiestar woyembekezera kapena kutenga pakati. Ndizotheka kuti phirili linali ndi tanthauzo lofunikira pokhudzana ndi chonde ndipo azimayi amabwera pamalowo ndi cholinga chofuna kutenga pakati. Kuchokera pamsewu womwe umadutsa Otzelotzi kumadera otsetsereka akumwera, ndizotheka kulingalira za Chica lagoon, popeza Grande ndi Lagunilla amapezeka kumtunda wapamwamba kumpoto ndi kum'mawa, motsatana. Dambo la Chica limakwera kufika pa 2 440 m pamwamba pa nyanja, la Grande la 2,500 ndi la Lagunilla ndi 2,600. Kuphatikiza pakukula kwake, madambowa amasiyana mtundu wamadzi awo: chica lagoon brown, Grande lagoon green ndi Lagunilla blue .
Titayendetsa kulowera ku Santa María del Monte ndikujambula zithunzi zokongola, timabwerera kuphanga lomwe limatitsogolera, kutsetsereka chakumadzulo kwa Otzelotzi, kupita ku tawuni yaying'ono ya San Bernardino. Pakadali pano tidali tazindikira kale kuti kupezeka kwamtunduwu ndikosowa m'chigawo chino cha Sierra. Ambiri mwa anthuwa amakhala osakanikirana ndi zida zolimba za Chikiliyo, ndipo ndizovuta kuwona nzika zoyera, monga ku Zongoliza. Mwina kusamuka m'malo ena kumafotokozera umbuli wa nkhani zakale, chifukwa cha anthu omwe tidayankhula nawo, palibe amene amadziwa kutipatsa chifukwa chanthano iliyonse.
Msungwana wakumudzi adapereka chidziwitso chosangalatsa kwambiri pamisa yomwe imakondwerera tsiku lomaliza la chaka, usiku, pamsonkhano wa Otzelotzi, pa 3,080 m asl. Gulu lonselo limatsagana ndi wansembe panjira yokwera, pambali pa mitanda khumi ndi iwiri. Kuyenda uku ndikodabwitsa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa makandulo omwe amawunikira kusiyana kwa 500 m pakati pa tawuniyi ndi pamwambowu.
Ngakhale alendo ambiri omwe amapita kunyanja amakonda kupita ku Grande Lagoon, ndimabwato omwe amabwereka kumeneko, ndikudya m'malo odyera omwe ali m'mbali mwa gombe, cholinga chathu chachikulu ndikuphimba kukwera pamwamba, kusangalala ndi malo kujambula mapiri ozungulira. Pa masiku omveka bwino ndikotheka kusinkhasinkha, kuchokera pamwambowu, Popocatepetl ndi Iztaccíhuatl; Komabe, chifukwa kuli mitambo kumadzulo, tiyenera kukhala okhutira ndi malingaliro abwino kwambiri omwe Pico de Orizaba amatipatsa, yomwe ili kumpoto.
Njirayo ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri chifukwa cha masamba obiriwira omwe Otzelotzi amasunga. Nthawi ina Rubén anaima kuti ajambulitse nyongolotsi pathanthwe lomwe ndinazindikiritsa kuti ndi crystalline tuff. Kudera lomwe timakwera sitikuwona zipilala, miyala yomwe imawoneka kutsetsereka chakumwera kwa phiri.
Kukokoloka kwa izi kwasokoneza crater. Pansi pa Otzelotzi ndi yocheperapo 2 km m'mimba mwake ndipo kumwera chakum'mawa kuli malo okwezeka, malo otsalira a kondomu. Dera lokwera kwambiri limayang'ana chakumpoto kwa zomera zakutsetsereka kuja, pafupifupi ikafika pamwamba, limapangidwa ndi nkhalango zamapiri, komanso gawo lalikulu lakum'mawa, komwe Lagunilla ndi angapo anthu akutali. Kuyambira pamwamba kumwera kuli malo otsetsereka pang'ono omwe amateteza nkhalango zowirira za coniferous.
Mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri akuwonedwa kuchokera kumpoto: kutsogolo mutha kuwona nyanjayi ya Grande, ndipo chakumbuyo, kuli mapiri a Citlaltépetl ndi Atlitzin. Chifukwa cha zomera, sizingatheke, kuchokera pamwamba, kusiyanasiyana chakumwera, koma ndizolimbikitsa kudziwa kuti mitengo ikupitilizabe kukhala yokongola, yokongola komanso yobiriwira. Komanso, chomerachi chimakhala ndi malo okhala nyama zambirimbiri, monga kamphongo kakang'ono kamene timapeza pafupi kwambiri komanso kamene kamakhala ndi makamera athu.
Pomaliza kukhutitsidwa, njala yathu ya malo, tinayambiranso kutsetsereka. Tinasiya kukwera bwato ku Grande Lagoon kwa nthawi ina ndipo tinakhazikika pa mbale ya nsomba zoyera ndi mowa wambiri.
NGATI MUPITA KU SAN BERNARDINO LAGOONS
Mukachoka ku Orizaba kupita ku Tehuacán, kudzera ku Cumbres de Acultzingo, muyenera kudutsa Azumbilla. Makilomita angapo pambuyo pake, kumanzere, pali kupatuka kwa Nicolás Bravo. Pakati pa tawuniyi ndi Santa María del Monte pali Otzelotzi. Khwalala lonse lakhazikika ndipo pali dothi lochepa chabe pakhomo la San Bernardino. Malowa alibe mahotela kapena malo ogulitsira mafuta. Tehuacán, Puebla, ndiye mzinda wapafupi kwambiri ndipo uli pa ola limodzi pagalimoto.
Gwero: Mexico Yosadziwika No. 233 / Julayi 1996
