Carlos V, wolemba Royal Decree wa Julayi 1529, adapatsa Cortés dzina la Marquis wa m'chigwa cha Oaxaca ndi udindo wa Captain General waku New Spain, wokhala ndi 23 zikwi ndi 11,550 km. gawo, kupatula mzinda waku Spain wa Antequera de Guaxaca (womwe unakhazikitsidwa mu 1523).
Otsatirawa adapatsidwa ulemu wokhala mzinda mu 1532; sitiroko yake idachitika chifukwa cha Alonso García Bravo. Kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa, imagwira ntchito ngati likulu la oyang'anira achifumu komanso kwa omwe atumizidwa ndi Marquis. Inalinso likulu komwe kunayambira kugonjetsa kwauzimu. Zowawa zakomweko komwe asitikali asanagonjetse asitikali ndikuwachitira zoyipa ma encomenderos, zidachepetsedwa pang'ono ndikubwera kwa amuna anzeru, odzipereka, odzichepetsa komanso achikondi omwe molimba mtima adakumana ndi encomenderos kuti ateteze mbadwa; koma zomwe zidakhudzanso kwambiri kuwononga chipembedzo chake chakale. Amuna oterewa anali a Order of Preachers, omwe patatha chaka chofika ku New Spain mu 1526 adayamba kulalikira ku Huaxyacac.
Fray Domingo de Betanzos (1480-1549) ndiye woyambitsa Dongosololi ku New Spain. Anakumana ndi Cortés, yemwe adamuthandiza pazinthu zake. Potsatira limodzi ndi anzeru Gonzalo Lucero ndi Bernardino de Minaya, adafika ku Oaxaca mu 1528, kuchokera komwe atatuwo adayamba ntchito yawo yautumwi. Minaya adapita ku Roma mu 1527 kukafotokoza za amwenye. Zinali chifukwa cha iye kuti Papa, mu Bull Sublimis Deus wa 1537, adalengeza kuti Amwenye ali ndi ufulu wodzilamulira, komanso kukhala ndi katundu.
Ukapolo wankhanza komanso ntchito zolemetsa nzika zaku Spain, zidalimbikitsa zigawenga pomwe Korona amayenera kuyankha molunjika ndi malamulo olungama komanso anzeru (ngakhale nthawi zambiri amanyalanyazidwa). Mzimu wa Korona udatengera malingaliro achipembedzo monga a Fray Bartolomé de las Casas, omwe adalemba kuti: "… zomwe ndikufuna kunena ndipo ndichowona, ndikuti Amwenye adabadwa omasuka, kuti ndi omasuka mwachilengedwe komanso kuti chipembedzo Amawachotsera ufulu kapena amawagwiritsa ukapolo ”. Chifukwa chake, Audiencia yachiwiri idasankhidwa, motsogozedwa ndi Sebastián Ramírez de Fuenleal (bishopu ku Hispaniola), yemwe, popita ku New Spain, nthawi yomweyo adapita ku Oaxaca komwe adatha kuletsa kuwukira komwe kunayambira m'zigwa zapakati (Ejutla , Ocotlán ndi Mihuatlán).
Ntchito yoyambitsidwa ndi amishonale awiri oyamba idadulidwa pomwe Lucero adaganiza zokhala ndikukhala ku Tlaxiaco ndikumanga tchalitchi kumeneko, pomwe Minaya, chifukwa chokakamizidwa ndi encomenderos pamaso pa Audiencia, adathamangitsidwa ku Spain.
Ambiri achipembedzo adafika m'zaka za zana la 16 ndi 17 kudera lomwe adalitcha Chigawo cha San Hipólito Mártir (1592) ndikufalikira kudera la Mixtec. Anamanga akachisi ndi malo osungira alendo m'matawuni ofunikira kwambiri komanso amakhala ndi anthu ambiri. Choyamba adaphunzira zilankhulo zakomweko ndipo adalemba chiphunzitsochi mzilankhulozi.
Wolemba mbiri Fray Francisco de Burgoa akunena kuti kuti agonjetse mtima wachilengedwe kunali koyenera kuwawonetsa kuti akufuna miyoyo yawo, osati katundu wosakhalitsa; Chifukwa chake, a Fray Betanzos adafunsa kuchokera kuchipembedzo chake "... umphawi wadzaoneni pachakudya, zizolowezi, nsapato, maulendo, khungu, ndi zina zambiri. Sanalawe nyama kapena vinyo kapena chakudya chilichonse chosakhwima. Nthawi zambiri, makamaka akakhala amwenye, amangodya nyemba ndi mikate yopangidwa ndi chimanga, osakola zokometsera zilizonse ”.
Mpaka chaka cha 1679 pomwe Burgoa adalemba Descriptive Geography, padali nyumba zachipembedzo zokwana 51 ku Oaxaca kokha, ndipo mipingo ndi nyumba zina zosadziwika sizinapezeke motsogozedwa ndi iye. Pofika mu 1540, zinthu zonse zapamwamba zinali zoletsedwa pomanga nyumba zogona kuti zipewe kuwononga ndalama zambiri kwa amwenye komanso kutopa.
Afranciscans, Augustinians, Dominicanans, and Mercedarians, nawonso anakhazikika ku Oaxaca, ntchito yawo inali yocheperako poyerekeza ndi ya ku Dominican. Atsogoleri achipembedzo adakhazikitsidwa kuyambira zaka za zana la 16; Anamenya nkhondo molimbika kuti achotse matchalitchi awo kwa atsogoleri achipembedzo ndipo pang'ono ndi pang'ono adakwanitsa.
Chifukwa chake, adakhazikitsa masisitere 18 m'chigawo cha Mixtec, pakati pawo ndi: Yanhuitlán, Teposcolula, Coixtlahuaca, Tamazulapan, Tonalá, Chila, Huajuapan, Juxtlahuaca, Jaltepec, ndi ena. M'dera la Zapotec 23 nyumba zachifumu: Etla, Cuilapan, Zaachila, Santo Domingo de Oaxaca, Tlalxiaco, Tlacochahuaya, Teitipac, Jalpa del Marqués.
M'dera la Mixe, nyumba zinayi: Totontepec, Quetzaltepec, Juquila.
Kudera la Chontal, maparishi anayi: Tequisistlán, Quiangoloni, Tlapacaltepec ndi Quiechapa. M'dera la Huave parishi ya San Francisco del Mar.
