Pafupifupi matani 300,000 a uchi amagulitsidwa pamsika wapadziko lonse pachaka, Mexico imagwira nawo nawo pafupifupi 10%, motero kukhala wachitatu ngati dziko lotumiza kunja, kutengera China ndi Argentina.
Dera lomwe limatulutsa kwambiri ndi Peninsula Yucatan, yomwe imatenga gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu azigawo zonse zomwe uchi wake umatumizidwa kumayiko a European Union.
Uchi wambiri waku Mexico umatumizidwa ku Germany, United Kingdom ndi United States. Masiku ano pali matani oposa miliyoni imodzi a uchi omwe amapangidwa padziko lapansi. Maiko aku Europe, ngakhale ali opanga ofunika, ndiomwe amalowetsa kunja chifukwa chakulandila kwakukulu kwa uchi m'derali.
Odziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi amapangidwa ndi Apis mellifera, mtundu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa chobala zipatso kwambiri komanso kuthekera kozolowera magawo osiyanasiyana.
Chisa cha zisa
Ili kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Mexico ndipo wazunguliridwa ndi madzi a Nyanja ya Caribbean ndi Gulf of Mexico, Peninsula ya Yucatan ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yaudzu, monga nkhalango zowirira, zobiriwira komanso zobiriwira nthawi zonse, zokhala ndi malo ofunikira ndi zomera za hydrophilic. chakum'mbali mwa nyanja. Mitengo yosiyanasiyana yamagulu ndi mayanjano amagawidwa chifukwa cha mphepo yamkuntho yomwe imakhala pakati pa 400 mm ya mpweya wapakatikati wapachaka mpaka 2,000 mm yomwe imalembedwa kumwera kwa Peninsula. Pafupifupi mitundu 2,300 yazomera zam'mimba zafotokozedwa m'derali.
Kukoma kwa nkhalango, uchi ndi malonda
Apis mellifera adadziwitsidwa ku Peninsula ya Yucatan koyambirira kwa zaka zapitazo, cha m'ma 1911. Zikuwoneka kuti yoyamba inali subspecies A. mellifera mellifera, yotchedwa njuchi yakuda kapena yaku Germany. Pambuyo pake, njuchi zaku Italiya, A. mellifera ligustica, subspecies yomwe imalandiridwa mwachangu chifukwa imabereka komanso kudekha.
Kuweta njuchi m'chigawochi ndi ntchito yochitidwa ndi alimi ang'onoang'ono omwe, mwa njira yopezera zosowa zawo, kugulitsa uchi kumayimira ndalama zowonjezera.
Njira zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizovuta kwambiri, osagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri pazida ndi maphunziro aukadaulo ndikugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zapabanja. Ming'oma imakhazikitsidwa m'malo owetera omwe ali m'malo abwino kuti agwiritse ntchito maluwa osiyanasiyana, mosiyana ndi madera ena omwe alimi amasonkhanitsa malo owetera njuchi malingana ndi nsonga za maluwa osiyanasiyana. Kupanga uchi kumatheka motere chifukwa cha zomera zolemera za m'derali.
Xuna’an kab, njuchi ya Mayan
Njuchi za uchi ndi tizilombo tomwe timakhala m'magulu okhala ndi magulu ambiri azikhalidwe. Mfumukazi imodzi imakhala m'dera lililonse ndipo ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuyikira mazira, omwe amatha kufika 1,500 tsiku lililonse panthawi yakukula. Njuchi za njuchi imodzi zimazindikiridwa ndikusiyanitsidwa ndi zina ndi ma pheromones omwe mfumukazi yawo imatulutsa. Drones ndi amuna. Ntchito yake ndikupatsa mfumukazi mimba; akatha kuthawa amwalira. Amangokhala pafupifupi mwezi umodzi ndipo omwe amalephera kukwatirana amathamangitsidwa mumng'oma ndi ogwira ntchito. Ogwira ntchito ndi njuchi zachikazi, koma ziwalo zawo zoberekera sizimakula. Malinga ndi msinkhu wawo komanso kukula kwawo, amachita ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Amatsuka maselo a ana, amasamalira kudyetsa mphutsi ndi mfumukazi, amapanga ndikusunga uchi ndi mungu, amapanganso jeli yachifumu yomwe amadyetsera mfumukazi ndi phula lomwe amapangira zisa zawo, komanso amatenga timadzi tokoma. , mungu, madzi ndi phula. Moyo wa wantchito umasiyanasiyana kutengera ndi ntchito yomwe akugwira, nthawi yokolola, amakhala masabata sikisi okha, kunja kwa izi atha kukhala miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Mwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tatsitsi tomwe timadya timadzi tokoma ndi mungu womwe umapezeka m'maluwa. Mwa mabanja khumi ndi m'modzi omwe agawanika, asanu ndi atatu ali ku Mexico, ambiri ali osungulumwa ndipo amakhala m'malo ouma mdzikolo. Anthu ena okha m'banja la Apidae amakhaladi ochezeka, amakhala m'magulu olinganizidwa ndipo akumanga zisa momwe amasungira chakudya chawo.
Zokolola ndi mavuto
Njuchi zimayenderana kwambiri ndi kayendedwe ka mvula. Nthawi yokolola yayikulu imachitika nthawi yadzuwa, kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Meyi kapena Juni, kutengera mvula yomwe idayamba. Munthawi imeneyi, gawo lalikulu la timadzi tokoma timatuluka ndipo njuchi zimatulutsa uchi wokwanira kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu ndikupeza zotsalira panthawi yakusowa; Uchi wosungidwa ndi womwe mlimi amatuta popanda chiopsezo kuwononga njuchi. Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yamvula, ngakhale maluwa ali pachimake, chinyezi chambiri sichimalola njuchi kugwira ntchito moyenera, uchi womwe umakololedwa munthawi yochepa uno umakhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, alimi ena amagulitsa pamtengo wotsika ndipo ena amaisunga kuti azidyetsa njuchi nthawi yamavuto.
Nthawi yayitali yamvula, kuyambira Ogasiti mpaka Novembala, ikuyimira nthawi yovuta njuchi. Pakadali pano mitundu yochepa yamatope ikukula, komabe, izi ndizofunikira kwambiri posamalira madera; Alimi ambiri amafunikanso kuperekera chakudya ku njuchi zawo. M'nthawi yosintha kuchoka mvula mpaka nthawi yadzuwa, mitundu yambiri yazachilengedwe imayamba kutukuka, kupatsa njuchi timadzi tokoma kuti tilimbikitse anthu ake ndikukonzekera nyengo yochuluka, ndi nthawi yoti ibwezeretse.
Zina mwazinthu monga mchere, mavitamini ndi zina makamaka zimayambitsa kusiyanasiyana kwa utoto, kununkhira ndi kununkhira kwa chinthu cha Yucatecan chodziwika padziko lonse lapansi.
Chenjezo
Zomera zachilengedwe za Peninsula zasinthidwa kwambiri ndi zochitika za anthu, makamaka kumpoto, komwe kudula mitengo mwachangu komanso kuyambitsa ulimi wambiri ndi ziweto kwasiya madera akulu akuwonongeka. Kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana wanena za mitundu yoposa 200 yomwe njuchi zimagwiritsa ntchito, kuphatikiza mitengo, zitsamba, zokwera ndi mbewu zapachaka zomwe zimagawidwa mumitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuchokera kumadera omwe asokonekera posachedwa kupita kunkhalango zosungidwa bwino.
Kokhala ...
Ngati mukupita ku Mérida, tikupangira hotelo yatsopano ya Indigo, Hacienda Misné.
Yokonzedweratu, hacienda wakale wa henequen ndi loto la mphamvu zonse. Kutalika kwake, mamangidwe ake, malo otseguka, minda, zambiri zake monga matailosi ochokera ku France, mawindo ake opangidwa ndi magalasi, nyali, dziwe losambira, nyali ndi magalasi amadzi adzakulunga m'malo abwino. Kusamalidwa bwino kwa ogwira nawo ntchito ndizomwe zimamaliza kukhala kwanu pafamuyi. Timalimbikitsa ma suites. Alidi owoneka bwino.
