Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20, a Mayan abwera kudzasokoneza chikumbumtima chawo. Chikhalidwe chawo, akadali ndi moyo, chatha kusokoneza kukhazikika kwa dziko.
Zochitika zaposachedwa zapangitsa ambiri kudziwa zakukhalako kwa Amwenye, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi achikhalidwe, opanga ntchito zamanja kapena mbadwa zochepa za mbiri yakale yakale. Momwemonso, anthu aku Mayan afalitsa lingaliro lachirengedwe monga chizindikiritso osati chachilendo chakumadzulo kokha, koma chosiyana kotheratu; Iwo awunikiranso ndikudzudzula kupanda chilungamo kwazaka mazana ambiri komwe awachitirako ndipo awonetsa kuti atha kukopa anthu amestizo ndi achi Creole omwe amawazungulira kuti atsegule demokalase yatsopano, pomwe chifuniro cha ambiri chimasiya malo olemekezeka pazofuna za ochepa. .
Zakale zokongola za Mayan komanso mbiri yawo yotsutsa zatsogolera ochita kafukufuku kuti aphunzire zalero ndi zakale, zomwe zawulula mawonekedwe awanthu okhala ndi mphamvu, kulimba mtima komanso malingaliro omwe angaphunzitse anthu; monga kukhala mogwirizana ndi amuna ena, kapena malingaliro onse omwe amakhala nawo pokhala limodzi.
National Autonomous University of Mexico yalemba nkhawa za ofufuza angapo omwe amasilira chikhalidwe chazaka chino ndipo watibweretsa limodzi ku Center for Mayan Study kwa zaka 26. Semina ya Chikhalidwe cha Mayan ndi Commission for Study of Mayan Writing anali maziko a Center for Mayan Study; onse okhala ndi miyoyo yofananira yomwe pambuyo pake idalumikizana ndikupanga Center yatsopano, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo mu gawo la Technical Council of Humanities la June 15, 1970.
Dr. Alberto Ruz, yemwe adapeza manda a Temple of the Inscriptions ku Palenque, adalowa nawo UNAM ngati wofufuza ku Institute of Historical Research ku 1959, ngakhale, adalumikizidwa ndi Nahuatl Culture Seminary, yomwe panthawiyo idayang'aniridwa ndi Angel Maria Garibay. Chaka chotsatira, ndikulimbikitsidwa kwa Secretary General wa UNAM a Dr. Efrén del Pozo, Semina ya Chikhalidwe cha Mayan idakhazikitsidwa mkati mwa Institute yomweyo, yomwe idasamutsidwa kuchoka ku bungweli kupita ku Faculty of Philosophy and Letters.
Seminar idapangidwa ndi director, aphunzitsi Alberto Ruz, ndi ena alangizi aulemu: awiri aku North America ndi awiri aku Mexico: Spinden ndi Kidder, Caso ndi Rubín de la Borbolla. Ofufuza omwe adalembedwa adadziwika kale munthawi yawo, monga Dr. Calixta Guiteras ndi Pulofesa Barrera Vásquez ndi Lizardi Ramos, komanso Dr. Villa Rojas, yemwe ndi yekhayo amene adapulumuka pagulu loyambalo.
Zolinga za seminaleyi zinali kufufuza ndi kufalitsa chikhalidwe cha Amaya, ndi akatswiri pankhani za mbiri yakale, zamabwinja, zamakhalidwe ndi zamanenedwe.
Ntchito ya maestro Ruz idalipira nthawi yomweyo, adakhazikitsa laibulale yake, adagwira ntchito yolemba laibulale yazithunzi yomwe idatengera zomwe adapeza ndikupanga nthawi ndi nthawi Estudios de Cultura Maya, komanso mitundu yapadera komanso mndandanda " Mabuku Olembera ". Ntchito yake yosindikiza adavekedwa ndi mavoliyumu 10 a Studies, 10 "Notebooks" ndi ntchito 2 zomwe zidasanduka zolemba zapamwamba za Mayan: Kukula Kwachikhalidwe kwa Amaya ndi Mwambo Wamaliro wa Mayani akale, omwe adatulutsidwanso posachedwa.
Ngakhale kuti ntchitoyi inali yayikulu, kupitilira kwa Seminare sikunali kophweka, popeza mu 1965 mapangano a ofufuzawo sanapangidwenso ndipo ogwira ntchitowo adatsitsidwa kukhala director, secretary ndi awiri omwe amaphunzira maphunziro. Nthawi imeneyo, a Dr. Ruz adatsogolera ziganizo zingapo, zomwe tiyenera kuzitchula za a Marta Foncerrada de Molina pa Uxmal ndi a Beatriz de la Fuente ku Palenque. Kuyambira koyamba, ndikufuna kunena kuti, pomwe anali moyo, nthawi zonse amapereka thandizo lake kwa ofufuza a Center. Kuyambira chachiwiri ndikufuna kukumbukira kuti ntchito yake yabwino pakuphunzira zaluso zaku Spain zisanachitike zamupangitsa, mwa ulemu wina, kuti atchulidwe kukhala mphunzitsi wotuluka ku National Autonomous University of Mexico.
Chinthu china chofunikira pakukhazikitsidwa kwa Center chinali Commission for the Study of Mayan Writing, wobadwa mosadalira UNAM, ku Southeast Circle, ku 1963; Commission iyi idabweretsa pamodzi ofufuza angapo omwe akufuna kudzipereka kuti afotokozere zomwe a Mayan adalemba. Pochita chidwi ndi kupita patsogolo kwa akatswiri akunja, adaganiza zopanga gulu lomwe lingayesetse kumasulira zinsinsi zolembedwa. Mothandizidwa ndi zopereka ndikukhala ku Electronic Computing Center ya UNAM, mabungwe omwe mwanjira ina adathandizira pantchito ya ofufuza ake ndi ndalama zochepa komanso zowopsa anali National Institute of Anthropology and History, University of Yucatan, University of Veracruzana, Summer Institute of Linguistics komanso UNAM, makamaka Semina Yachikhalidwe cha Mayan, yomwe panthawiyi inali kale zaka zitatu.
Pogwiritsa ntchito komitiyi, ma siginecha a Mauricio Swadesh ndi Leonardo Manrique akuwonekera; Omwe amayang'anira ntchito zawo anali motsatizana: Ramón Arzápalo, Otto Schumann, Román Piña Chan ndi Daniel Cazés. Cholinga chake chinali "kuphatikizira limodzi ntchito zaluso zaluso komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi cholinga chofika posachedwa kuti amvetsetse za Amaya akale."
Alberto Ruz, wotsimikiza mtima pantchito iyi, mu 1965 adayitanitsa a Maricela Ayala, omwe kuyambira nthawi imeneyo adadzipereka pantchito yolankhula pa Center yomwe yatchulidwayi ya Mayan Study.
Popeza injiniya Barros Sierra adayamba kugwira ntchito, monga woyang'anira UNAM, adapereka thandizo lake ku Commission, ndipo chifukwa cha chidwi cha Coordinator wa Humanities, Rubén Bonifaz Nuño ndi akuluakulu ena, adalowa nawo University, ndikutchedwa Seminary ya Maphunziro a Kulemba kwa Mayan.
Pakadali pano, gulu la omwe adazindikira zolembedwa ku Mayan anali ndi ntchito zonse zophatikizika, kotero director wawo, a Daniel Cazés, adatenga mndandanda wamabuku "Notebooks" omwe, omwe adayambitsidwa nawo, adakonza Msonkhano Wachikhalidwe cha Mayan. Zisanu ndi chimodzi mwa izi zidafanana ndi zomwe Cazés adafufuza. Pamodzi pa Seminare onse komanso motsogozedwa ndi Dr. Pablo González Casanova, Center for Mayan Study yalengezedwa kuti idakhazikitsidwa ndi technical Council of Humanities, motsogozedwa ndi Rubén Bonifaz Nuño.
Kuyambira 1970 kampasi ya zochitika za Center for Study Mayan yakhala:
"Kudziwa ndikumvetsetsa kwa mbiri yakale, zikhalidwe ndi anthu aku Mayan, kudzera mu kafukufuku; kufalitsa zotsatira zomwe zapezeka, makamaka kudzera pakufalitsa ndi kuphunzitsa, ndikuphunzitsa ofufuza atsopano ”.
Woyang'anira wawo woyamba anali Alberto Ruz, mpaka 1977, pomwe adasankhidwa kukhala Director of National Museum of Anthropology and History. Anamutsatira ndi Mercedes de la Garza, yemwe anali ndi dzina la Coordinator mpaka 1990, kwa zaka 13.
Pambuyo pazaka zambiri zakufufuza kwamaphunziro mu gawo la Mayan, tili ndi chitsimikizo kuti zakhala zikugwira ntchito molingana ndi mfundo zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa kale, ndikupereka zopereka zomwe zimawonjezera chidziwitso cha dziko la Mayan, zimabweretsa mafotokozedwe atsopano, zimapereka malingaliro osiyanasiyana ndikuwunikira zovala zotsalira mwachilengedwe.
Kusaka uku kunkagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana: anthropology yokhudza chikhalidwe cha anthu, zamabwinja, epigraphy, mbiri ndi zilankhulo. Kwa zaka 9 a Mayan adaphunzidwanso malinga ndi momwe thupi limayambira.
M'madera aliwonse asayansi, kafukufuku wapadera kapena wothandizana nawo wachitika ndi mamembala ena a Center yomweyo, Institute of Philological Research kapena mabungwe ena, ochokera ku National University komanso mabungwe ena. Pakadali pano ogwira ntchitoyi ali ndi ofufuza 16, akatswiri anayi ophunzira, 3 alembi komanso wothandizira oyang'anira makota.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ngakhale ntchito yawo siyidalira pa University, mzere wa Mayan umayimilidwa mu Center, ndi Yucatecan Jorge Cocom Pech.
Ndikufuna kukumbukira makamaka anzawo omwe adamwalira kale omwe adatisiyira chikondi ndi chidziwitso: katswiri wazilankhulo María Cristina Alvarez, yemwe tili ndi ngongole ya Ethnolinguistic Dictionary of Colonial Yucatecan Maya, mwa ntchito zina, komanso katswiri wazachikhalidwe María Montoliu, yemwe adalemba Liti milungu idadzutsidwa: malingaliro azachilengedwe a Mayan akale.
Mphamvu yaku Alberto Ruz idadutsa kudzera mwa a Mercedes de la Garza, omwe mzaka 13 zaulamuliro wawo adalimbikitsa kusindikiza mavoliyumu 8 a Mayan Culture Study, makalata 10 ndi zofalitsa zapadera za 15. Ndikufuna kunena kuti poyambira kwawo, anali akunja omwe amafalitsa zopereka zawo m'magazini athu; Komabe, a Mercedes de la Garza anali ndiudindo wolimbikitsa ofufuzawo kuti atenge magaziniyo kuti ndi yawo ndipo azigwira nawo ntchito nthawi zonse. Ndi izi, mgwirizano udakwaniritsidwa pakati pa omwe amagwirira ntchito kunja ndi kunja, kaya mdziko kapena akunja. Mercedes de la Garza wapatsa Mayistas aku Mexico zenera padziko lapansi.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti a Mercedes de la Garza akuyenera kukhazikitsidwa kwa Series of Source for Study of Mayan Culture yomwe idawonekera popanda zosokoneza kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1983. Mpaka pano ma voliyumu 12, olumikizidwa ndi izi ndikupanga zolembedwa za aservo zokhala ndi zithunzi zojambulidwa m'mabuku osiyanasiyana amitundu ndi akunja omwe akhala maziko ofufuza kofunikira.
Ngakhale manambala sanganene zochepa pazopereka maphunziro, ngati tiwerengera kuchuluka kwa Proceedings of the Congress, timasonkhanitsa ntchito 72 pansi pa rubric Center ya Mayan Study.
Ulendo wopambana wazaka 26 walimbikitsidwa ndikuwongoleredwa ndi owongolera atatu a Institute: Madokotala Rubén Bonifaz Nuño, Elizabeth Luna ndi Fernando Curiel, omwe timawavomereza chifukwa chothandizidwa nawo mwamphamvu.
Masiku ano, pankhani yolemba, kafukufuku wa Toniná akumalizika ndipo ntchito yopanga laibulale ya glyph yomwe imalumikiza zomangamanga kuti zizichita kafukufuku wofufuza za Mayan zikuchitika. Linguistics imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndimaphunziro azilankhulo za Tojolabal ndi ma semiotic mchilankhulo cha Chol.
M'mabwinja, kwazaka zambiri akhala akufukula m'matauni a Las Margaritas, Chiapas; Buku lomwe limaliza gawo la maphunzirowa lidzafalitsidwa posachedwa.
Pankhani ya mbiriyakale, ofufuza angapo adadzipereka pakupanga zilembo za Mayan kutengera mbiri yazipembedzo. Komanso mkati mwa malangizowa, kuyesayesa kukhazikitsanso lamulo lachi Mayan lomwe lisanachitike ku Spain panthawi yolumikizana, ntchito ikuchitika m'maboma azikhalidwe zam'mapiri a Chiapas munthawi ya atsamunda, mozungulira magwiridwe antchito amkhondo m'derali. ndikumanganso zakale za Itza m'masiku awo asanakwane ku Spain ndi atsamunda.
Pakadali pano, Center ili ndi mzimu wakuphatikiza wantchito womwe umasunthira ndikulitsa kusaka mayankho okhudza anthu omwe amayesetsa mwachangu kusintha chithunzi chake kuchokera kuchikhalidwe chazikhalidwe kukhala chinthu chokhoza kutenga nawo mbali pagulu komanso mbiri yadziko.
Ana Luisa Izquierdo Ndi Master in History womaliza maphunziro a UNAM, wofufuza komanso wotsogolera Center of Mayan Study ku UNAM, ndipo pano ndi director of Mayan Culture Study.
Chitsime: Mexico mu Nthawi No. 17. 1996.
