Kukonda kwathu mwambi kusunga zinthu zosaiwalika kapena kusilira nyumba zakale kumatanthauziridwa kukhala chikumbukiro chanzeru tikamafotokoza mawu ngati "izi sizinali choncho"; kapena "chilichonse chokhudza misewu iyi chasintha, kupatula nyumbayo".
Kutulutsa uku, kumene, kumachitika m'mizinda yathu yonse kapena m'malo omwe okonza mizinda amatcha "mbiri yakale", komwe kukumbukira kumalumikizananso ndi kupulumutsa ndi kusunga malo.
Zachidziwikire, zakukonzanso madera akale kwambiri amizinda kuti akhale nyumba, zokopa alendo, zamaphunziro, zachuma komanso chikhalidwe. Kuchokera pamalingaliro awa, mzaka zaposachedwa likulu lodziwika bwino la Mexico City lakhala likuganiziridwa ndi akuluakulu aboma komanso makampani wamba.
Zikuwoneka ngati zodabwitsabe kuwona nyumba zomwe zili likulu la dzikolo zomwe zakhala zaka 200 kapena 300, makamaka zikafika mumzinda womwe wakhudzidwa ndi zivomezi, zipolowe, kusefukira kwamadzi, nkhondo zapachiweniweni makamaka makamaka chifukwa chofunkha nyumba za nzika zake. Mwakutero, tawuni yakale ya likulu la dzikolo ikukwaniritsa zolinga ziwiri: ndiye cholandirira nyumba zofunikira kwambiri m'mbiri ya Mexico komanso nthawi yomweyo zitsanzo zosintha zamatawuni mzaka zambiri, kuyambira pazolemba adasiyidwa ndi Tenochtitlan wamkulu mpaka nyumba zamakedzana za m'ma XXI.
Pazungulira pake ndizotheka kusilira nyumba zina zomwe zakhalapo kwanthawi yayitali komanso zomwe zakwaniritsa ntchito inayake mdziko la nthawi yawo. Koma malo odziwika bwino, monga mizinda yonse, si okhazikika: ndi zamoyo zosintha nthawi zonse. Monga nyumba zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zosakhalitsa, mawonekedwe akumatauni amasintha mosiyanasiyana. Zomwe timawona m'mizinda sizofanana ndi zomwe okhalamo adawona zaka 100 kapena 200 zapitazo. Kodi pali umboni wotani wotsimikizira kuti mizinda inali ngati chiyani? Mwina mabuku, nkhani zamkamwa, komanso kujambula.
MAYANKHO A NTHAWI
Ndikosavuta kuganiza za "mbiri yakale" yosungidwa "pachiyambi!" Pachiyambi, chifukwa nthawi ndiyofunika kuipanga: nyumba zimamangidwa ndipo zina zambiri zikugwa; Misewu ina yatsekedwa ndipo ina imatsegulidwa. Ndiye "choyambirira" ndi chiyani? M'malo mwake, timapeza malo ogwiritsidwanso ntchito; nyumba zidawonongedwa, zina zikumangidwa, misewu yotakata komanso kusintha kosasintha kwamizinda. Zithunzi za m'zaka za zana la 19 zamalo ena ku Mexico City zitha kutipatsa chidziwitso chakusintha kwa mzindawu. Ngakhale malowa alipo lero, cholinga chawo chasintha kapena dongosolo lawo lasintha.
Pachithunzi choyamba timawona msewu wakale wa 5 de Mayo, wotengedwa kuchokera ku nsanja yakumadzulo kwa Metropolitan Cathedral. Pakuwona uku kumadzulo, Main Theatre yakale imadziwika, yomwe kale idatchedwa Santa Anna Theatre, yomwe idawonongedwa pakati pa 1900 ndi 1905 kuti ikweze msewu ku Palace ya Fine Arts. Zithunzi zimaundana kwakanthawi chisanafike chaka cha 1900, pomwe bwaloli limagwira panjira. Kumanzere mutha kuwona Casa Profesa, akadali ndi nsanja zake komanso kumbuyo kwa malo a Alameda Central.
Chosangalatsa pamalingaliro awa mwina ndi nkhawa yomwe imadzutsa mwa owonerera. Masiku ano, pamtengo wotsika ndizotheka kukwera nsanja za tchalitchi chachikulu ndikuwona malo omwewo, ngakhale asinthidwa momwe amapangidwira. Ndiwowona chimodzimodzi, koma ndimanyumba osiyanasiyana, nachi chododometsa chenicheni chazithunzi zake.
Tsamba lina lomwe lili pakatikati pa mbiri yakale ndi nyumba zakale za San Francisco, zomwe zimatsalira chink chimodzi kapena chimzake. Kutsogolo kwathu tili ndi façade ya Balvanera chapel, yomwe imayang'ana kumpoto, ndiye kuti, kulowera kumsewu wa Madero. Chithunzichi chikhoza kukhala chakumapeto kwa 1860, kapena mwina koyambirira, chifukwa chikuwonetsa mwatsatanetsatane zithunzithunzi zapamwamba za Baroque zomwe zidadulidwa pambuyo pake. Ndi chimodzimodzi ndi chithunzi cham'mbuyomu. Malowa akadalipo, ngakhale adasinthidwa.
Chifukwa cholandidwa katundu wachipembedzo mzaka za m'ma 1860, nyumba ya amonke ya ku Franciscan idagulitsidwa pang'ono ndipo kachisi wamkuluyo adapezedwa ndi Episcopal Church of Mexico. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana limenelo, Tchalitchi cha Katolika chidapezanso malowa ndikukonzanso kubwerera ku cholinga chake choyambirira. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti chipinda chachikulu cha nyumba yakale yomweyi chimasungidwa bwino ndipo chimakhala ndi kachisi wa Methodist, yemwe pano amapezeka ku Calle de Ghent. Katunduyu adapezeka mu 1873 ndi achipembedzo chachiprotestanti.
Pomaliza, tili ndi nyumba yomanga nyumba zakale ya San Agustín. Malinga ndi malamulo a Reform, kachisi wa Augustinian adadzipereka kuchitira anthu ena, zomwe zikadakhala ngati malo osungira mabuku. Kudzera mwa lamulo la Benito Juárez mu 1867, nyumbayi idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati National Library, koma kusintha ndi kukonza kwa msonkhanowu kunatenga nthawi, kotero kuti laibulale idakhazikitsidwa mpaka 1884. Pachifukwa ichi, nsanja zake ndi zipata zake zam'mbali zidagwetsedwa; ndipo kutsogolo kwa Gawo Lachitatu kunali zokutira zogwirizana ndi zomangamanga za Porfirian. Chojambulachi cha baroque chimakhalabe chosakanizidwa mpaka pano. Chithunzi chomwe timawona chikusungabe chivundikirachi chomwe sichingakhale chosiririka lero. Msonkhano wa San Agustín unkawoneka bwino mumzindawu, kumwera, monga momwe tawonera pachithunzichi. Malingaliro awa atengedwa ku tchalitchi chachikulu amawonetsa zomangamanga, monga yotchedwa Portal de las Flores, kumwera kwa zócalo.
KUSAKHALA NDI KUSINTHA
Kodi zithunzi za nyumbazi ndi misewu zikutiuza chiyani, zakusowa komanso zosintha momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito? Mwanjira ina, malo ena omwe akuwonetsedwa saliponso, koma mwanjira ina, malo omwewo amakhalabe pachithunzicho motero akukumbukira mzindawo.
Palinso malo osinthidwa, monga Plaza de Santo Domingo, kasupe wa Salto del Agua kapena Avenida Juárez pamtunda wa mpingo wa Corpus Christi.
Kupatula kwa zithunzizo kumatanthawuza kuyika chikumbukiro chomwe, ngakhale sichili mbali yathu, chilipo. Malo omwe kulibe amawunikiridwa pachithunzichi, monga kumapeto kwa ulendo timawerenga malo omwe adayenda. Poterepa, chithunzicho chimakhala ngati zenera lokumbukira.
