Masiku ano, kuchokera pazithunzithunzi zokongola komanso zomanga bwino zomwe boma la Veracruz limapereka, ndikofunikira kuwonetsa kalembedwe ka nyumba zam'mbali mwa mtsinje wa Nautla, kapena Mtsinje wa Bobos, womwe umavumbula kupezeka kwa chikhalidwe cha ku France ndi mphamvu yake kufikira Pano.
M'zaka za zana la 19 panali zochitika pang'onopang'ono za ufulu wodziyimira pawokha mayiko aku America, komanso mayendedwe a masauzande ambiri ochokera konsekonse padziko lapansi, omwe maloto awo opambana anali ku America. Poterepa, gulu loyamba la 80 ochokera ku France, amuna ndi akazi, adafika mtawuni ya Jicaltepec mu 1833, makamaka ochokera ku Franche Comite (Champlitte) ndi Burgundy, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa France; cholinga chake chinali kukhazikitsa kampani yaulimi yaku Franco-Mexico motsogozedwa ndi Stéphane Guenot, ndipo kufika kwake kunakhazikitsa nthawi yolumikizana pakati pa Mexico ndi France.
Kuchulukana kwakunja m'zaka zapitazi kudalinso chifukwa chakuti boma la Veracruz lidali kale mgulu lapaulendo wanyanja ku Gulf of Mexico. Kudzera munjira zamalonda zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa pakati pa America ndi Europe, derali limalumikizana ndi madoko aku France a Le Havre, Bordeaux ndi Marseille, osachotsera ma doko a Antilles ndi French Guiana (Port-au-Prince, Fort de France, Cayenne ), ndi iwo akumpoto kwa kontinentiyo (New Orleans, New York ndi Montreal).
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1850, ku Jicaltepec (tawuni ya Nautla) mtundu wamtundu wina wazomangamanga wopangidwa, womwe maziko ake, makamaka, ndi zopereka za ochokera ku France. Gulu loyamba la Gauls lidalumikizidwa ndi anthu ochokera ku Burgundy, ochokera ku Haute Savoie, ochokera ku Alsace - zigawo zakummawa - ndipo motsatizana, ochokera kumwera chakumadzulo kwa France: Aquitaine ndi Pyrenees. Amachokera ku Louisiana (USA), ochokera ku Italy komanso ochokera ku Spain, makamaka. Omwe anasamukira kumeneku anasinthanitsa chidziwitso, zokumana nazo ndi maluso omanga omwe amapezeka komwe amachokera, ndipo nthawi yomweyo adalumikiza ndikumasulira katundu yemwe adalipo kale m'derali. Kusinthana kwachikhalidwe uku kumawoneka momwe adagwiritsira ntchito zida ndi maluso pomanga nyumba zawo ndi magawo awo azaulimi; pang'ono ndi pang'ono, mitundu yotsatirapo ya nyumba zimafalikira m'mbali mwa Mtsinje wa Nautla.
Nyengo ndi hydrological zimatsimikizira, kwakukulukulu, mtundu wa nyumba ndi moyo wa anthu okhalamo. Njira zosinthira m'mbali mwa Nautla zikuyimira, koposa zonse, kusintha kwa zikhalidwe kuchokera kumalo ovuta kukhala ena abwino amoyo.
Chokhazikika munyumba yamtunduwu chinali kugwiritsa ntchito denga lokwera komanso lopanda mawonekedwe, osowa ku Mexico, omwe zida zawo zimapangidwa ndi matabwa osiyanasiyana odulidwa ndi kusonkhanitsidwa moyenerera, ndipo pomaliza adaphimbidwa ndi matailosi zikwizikwi a "scale" omwe amapachikidwa, kudzera kuchokera pachikopa kapena msomali, womwe ndi gawo la matailosiwo, kupita ku mtengo woonda wotchedwa "alfajilla".
Denga lamtunduwu limatchedwa "siketi theka", chifukwa lili ndi denga lokwana anayi kapena "mbali zinayi". Imagwiritsa ntchito malo otsetsereka otsetsereka, otchedwa "mchira wa bakha", womwe umalepheretsa madzi amvula kukhudza makoma, makamaka munthawi yamvula ndi "kumpoto". Momwemonso, chikhalidwe cha ku Europe chomanga nyumba imodzi kapena zingapo padenga limawonedwa m'nyumba zina.
Kutambasula kwa njerwa pamakoma ndi matailosi a "sikelo" padenga; kugwiritsa ntchito "ma horcones" kapena zipilala zamatabwa ndi ukalipentala; kamangidwe ka zipinda ndi mipata yotsegulira mpweya wabwino; pulasitala wokhala ndi laimu ya chipolopolo cha oyster; Chipilalacho chinali ndi zitseko ndi mawindo, ndipo khonde lokhala ndi zipilala za Tuscan - zokongola ku Veracruz mzaka zapitazi - ndi zina mwazomwe zida, maluso ndi masitaelo omwe amisiri amchigawo cha Nautla adagwiritsa ntchito pomanga nyumba zokhalamo.
Mtundu wamatayala a flake, lero, umafikira pafupifupi 17 km kudutsa Mtsinje wa Nautla, pagombe lililonse; ndi mphamvu zake m'matawuni oyandikana ndi odziwika, mwachitsanzo ku Misantla.
Pokhala ndi mwayi wopeza chuma cha mbadwa za omwe adakhazikika ku Gallic kubanki yakumanzere (lero oyang'anira tauni ya Martínez de la Torre), mu 1874 magulu atsopano adapangidwa omwe adasungabe njira yomanga yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Jicaltepec, ndikupita patsogolo kwambiri ya nyumbayo, makamaka pakagwiritsidwe ntchito ka malo. Nyumba zomwe zili kubanki yakumanzere nthawi zambiri zimakhala pakatikati pa malowa ndipo zimazunguliridwa ndi minda ndi malo azamasamba ndi zochitika zaku minda, monga ulimi ndi ziweto. Mbali zam'mbali zili ndi zipilala zokulirapo zoyendetsedwa ndi zipilala zamtundu wa Tuscan ndi "ma horcones" amtengo; nthawi zina madenga amakhala ndi nyumba yogona imodzi kapena awiri mbali ya façade, yoyang'ana mseu wachifumu - tsopano osagwiritsidwa ntchito womwe umadutsana ndi mtsinjewo. Nyumba zina zimakhala ndi ma jetty awo, omwe akuwonetsa kudalira Mtsinje wa Nautla ngati njira yolumikizirana komanso gwero lina lothandizira.
Zitsanzo zakunyumba zamtunduwu zopitilira magombe, titha kuzipeza kumwera kwa mtsinje wa Nautla, mtawuni ya El Huanal (boma la Nautla).
Zomangamanga kumeneko ndi zotsatira zakukhazikika ndi kutanthauzira kopangidwa ndi mlendo waku Italiya wamtundu wamnyumba womwe udalipo koyambirira kwa zaka zana. Izi zimawonedwa pakugwiritsa ntchito matailosi a flake padenga lamatabwa pomwe pamakhala dormer padenga lililonse, komanso potuluka m'chipindacho ngati chipinda chogona. Maziko ake achifumu ndi gawo lina lamakoma ake amapangidwa ndi miyala yamitsinje, ndipo mawonekedwe ake akuwonetsa lingaliro lina losiyana ndi njira yachikhalidwe.
Ku famu ya El Copal mutha kuwona zomanga zazikulu (za banja la Anglada); Makulidwe ake ndi mawonekedwe ake okhala ndi mabokosi a maluwa ndi maluwa, komanso wosula zitsulo, akuwonetsa kufanana kwakukulu ndi nyumba zazikulu komanso zakumapeto zomwe zimapezeka ku Jicaltepec, monga nyumba ya ejidal komanso nyumba ya banja la Domínguez.
Munthawi ya Porfiriato, ntchito yomanga nyumba zamatailosi m'chigawo cha Nautla idafika pokhwima. Chitsanzo cha izi ndi nyumba ya banja la Proal ku Paso de Telaya, yomwe idayamba mchaka cha 1903. Nyumbayi yapirira "kumpoto" ndi kusefukira kwamadzi ku Nautla, koma kusowa kwa chisamaliro komanso kuyandikira kwa mtsinjewu zikuwopseza kuti sikudzatha.
Panjira yomwe imachokera ku San Rafael kupita ku doko la Jicaltepec ndi nyumba ya banja la Belín, imodzi mwama tile oyamba omwe anamangidwa kubank ya kumanzere cha m'ma 1880, ndipo yomwe yasungidwa bwino (ili ndi " ma horcones "oyambira makoma ake).
Kugwiritsa ntchito mitengo yamadera osiyanasiyana pomanga, monga mkungudza, thundu, "chicozapote", "hojancho", "makhalidwe" ndi "tepezquite", ndi nkhalango zakunja monga pine yophika kapena "pinotea" yaku Canada, komanso posachedwapa elm, ikuwonetsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe chilengedwe chimapereka, komanso chidziwitso chonse chomwe chimapezeka pomanga nyumba zanyumba. Kumbali inayi, kugwiritsa ntchito matabwa padenga ndi matailosi a denga kumapangitsa kuti zomangamanga zikhale zotheka komanso zosavuta kupanga.
Chokongola cha nyumba m'mbali mwa mtsinje wa Nautla ndi mawonekedwe achi China achiguda omwe denga limatsatira. Izi zimachitika mitengo ya padenga ikamasinthasintha pang'ono kuchokera kulemera kowonjezera kwa ma shingles onyowa, chifukwa cha nyengo yotentha ya m'derali.
Cha m'ma 1918, nyumba yapadera (yomwe pano ndi ya banja la a Collinot) idamangidwa ku El Mentidero kutsogolo kwa chigwa cha La Peña, chomwe chimakhala ndi façade yosavomerezeka ya Veracruz. Ili ndi ufulu wokhala womangidwa pamalo okwera, omwe adawuteteza kuti usakwere mumtsinje, koma osati kupitilira kwa nthawi kapena kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha chilengedwe.
Pakadali pano ndizotheka kuyamika ku El Mentidero, nyumba zabwino. Ena mwa iwo adakonzedweratu ndikukhala amakono, osataya ntchito zawo ndi ma rustic; Mosiyana ndi izi, pali nyumba zambiri zowonongedwa.
Ku Nautla, kutukuka kwamangidwe amtunduwu kwachedwa (1920-1930), ndipo kumagwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka komwe kumapangidwa ndi makampani aku North America zipatso; nyumba ya Fuentes ndiyomwe ili pano.
Nautla, ngati doko loyenera lolowera ndikutuluka kwa anthu ndi katundu, ikutsimikizira kufunikira koyenda pakukula kwachuma m'derali, komanso kukhazikitsa njira zam'madzi zomwe zidalipo pakati pa dera lomwe lili ndi mtsinje uwu ndi madoko a Gulf of Mexico, Antilles, North America ndi Europe.
Ku France, kugwiritsa ntchito matailosi ang'onoang'ono kumawoneka munyumba kuyambira zaka za 18th; Umu ndi momwe amawonetseredwa ku Burgundy, ku Beaujeu, Macon, Alsace ndi madera ena. Ku Fort de France (Martinique) tatsimikiziranso za kalembedwe kameneka.
Malinga ndi akatswiri ena a mbiriyakale, matailosi oyamba omwe adafika kudera la Nautla adabwera kuchokera ku France ngati ballast komanso malonda. Komabe, matailosi akale kwambiri omwe apezeka ndi ochokera mu 1859 ndipo adasaina Pepe Hernández. Kuphatikiza apo, matailosi omwe adalembedwa ndi Anguste Grapin apezeka ali ndi masiku osiyanasiyana, pakati pa 1860 ndi 1880, nthawi yomwe ikugwirizana ndi kupita patsogolo kwachuma mderali, makamaka pankhani yolima ndi kutumiza vanila.
Ntchito yomanga nyumba zamatayala ku Jicaltepec idasungidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1950, koma m'malo mwake idasinthidwa ndikuwonekera kwa zinthu zotsika mtengo (pepala la asibesitosi), yopereka nsembe kwambiri kukongoletsa nyumbazo.
Lero, ngakhale pali mavuto azachuma mosalekeza, ntchito yomanga nyumba yamatayala a flake yatha. Kumapeto kwa 1980 chidwi chatsopano chidawonekeranso kuti nyumba zizioneka bwino, kutengera zikhalidwe zawo, koma kuti pakadali pano matailosiwo amapangidwa ndi matabwa ndipo amamangiriridwa. Koma njira zobwezeretsera izi ndizokhazikika ndipo zimangodalira eni ake.
Tsoka ilo, pali nyumba zingapo zomwe zikuwopseza kugwa, monga banja la Proal ku Paso de Telaya; a banja la a Collinot, ku El Mentidero; a banja la a Belín, mumsewu wochokera ku San Rafael kupita ku Paso de Telaya, komanso bambo Miguel Sánchez, ku El Huanal. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti maboma aku France ndi Mexico akonze zakubwezeretsa cholowa chofala chomwechi ndikupanga zokopa alendo kuderali.
NGATI MUPITA KU MABANKI A NAUTLA RIVER
Njira yolowera kumatauni omwe ali kubanki yakumanzere, a boma la Martínez de la Torre, ndikutenga msewu waukulu wa feduro. 129 kuchokera ku Teziutlán-Martínez de la Torre-Nautla, kulowera ku San Rafael, pamtunda wa kilomita 80 pamsewu waukulu uja; kukaona matauni omwe ali kubanki yakumanja, a boma la Nautla, msewu wolowera mumsewu waukulu wa feduro ayi. 180, 150 km kuchokera kudoko la Veracruz.
