Njoka yokhala ndi mamba a masamba amatiperekeza. Awo ndi mapiri omwe amawoneka kuti akudya msewumo: malo awo osasunthika amakokedwa ndi mitambo yopanda mitambo ndipo dzuwa limawotcha minda ya nzimbe yomwe imafikira phazi la mapiri ndi mafunde obiriwira.
Uwu ndi msewu wafumbi pomwe wofukula mabwinja Fernando Miranda, wochokera ku INAH Regional Center ya Veracruz, amatitsogolera kumalo amodzi opatulika a Totonacs.
Kumwetulira kwa zifanizo za ceramic, zomwe ambiri adachokera pansi m'derali, zikuwoneka kuti zikuwoneka mosangalala ndi malowa. Phokoso lake limadziwika pakati pa mphepo yamkuntho, ndipo akutiuza kuti anthu omwe amakhala m'madambo omwe tidawoloka ayenera kuti anali ndi zoperewera zochepa: pazifukwa izi zotsalazo zikuwonetsa nkhope zomwe zasokonekera ndipo ndi chithunzi cha amuna osangalala nthawi zonse, amene nyimbo ndi kuvina zimatsatana nthawi zonse. Tili m'chigwa cha Atoyac, pafupi ndi tawuni ya dzina lomweli m'chigawo cha Veracruz.
Galimoto imayima ndipo Fernando akutiwonetsa njira yopita kumtsinje. Tiyenera kuwoloka. Kutsatira wofukula za m'mabwinja, yemwe adapanga zokumba zingapo m'derali, tafika pa chipika chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mlatho. Tikuyang'ana, timakayikira kuthekera kwathu kokhazikika pamtunda wawung'ono komanso wosafanana. Ndipo sikuti kugwa kunali koopsa, koma kuti zimangotanthauza kuyima ndi chilichonse ndi zida zojambulira, padziwe losadziwika bwino. Yemwe amatitsogolera amatitsimikizira kuti amatenga malo ataliatali pakati pa zomera, nalowetsa m'madzi ndipo, atatsamira nthambi ija - yomwe imalowa m'malo mwa chipongwe - akutiwonetsa njira yodutsapo. Mpata womwe uli mbali inayo umalowa m'minda yatsopano ya khofi yamdima, yosiyana ndi dzuwa lotentha la minda ya nzimbe yapafupi. Posakhalitsa tinafika m'mbali mwa mtsinje wokhala ndi mafunde abuluu omwe amatsikira pakati pa mitengo, maluwa ndi miyala yakuthwa konsekonse. Pambuyo pake, mapiri a tcheni chotsika amawonekeranso, akulengeza kukwera kwakukulu kwamapiri aku Central Mexico.
Tsopano tafika kumene tikupita. Zomwe zidaperekedwa pamaso pathu zidaposa mafotokozedwe omwe adapangidwa kuti malowa ali odzaza ndi matsenga. Mwa zina zidandikumbutsa za cenotes za Yucatan; komabe, panali china chake chomwe chidapangitsa kukhala chosiyana. Zinkawoneka kwa ine chithunzi cha Tlalocan ndipo kuyambira pamenepo sindikukayika kuti malo onga awa ndi omwe adalimbikitsa malingaliro asanachitike aku Spain amtundu wa paradiso komwe madzi adatulukira m'matumbo a mapiri. Kumeneko ngozi iliyonse, gawo lililonse lachilengedwe limakhala lofanana ndi Mulungu. Mawonekedwe ngati awa adasinthiratu m'malingaliro amunthu kuti akhale malo opambana: kuyika m'mawu a abambo anzeru a José Ma. maluwawo amayimirira, pomwe maluwa amtengo wapataliwo aphuka. Kumeneko nyimboyi imayimbidwa pakati pa utoto wam'madzi komanso ma triloti angapo amapangitsa kuti nyimbo igwedezeke pamapiko a ntchentche zamadzi, pakati pa kutuluka kwa agulugufe.
Mavesi ndi malingaliro a Nahua onena za paradaiso amalumikizidwa, gwero la mtsinje wa Atoyac, ndi zomwe akatswiri ofufuza zakale apeza. Zaka zingapo zapitazo, aphunzitsi a Francisco Beverido, ochokera ku Institute of Anthropology ya Yunivesite ya Veracruzana, adandiuza momwe adalangizira kupulumutsidwa kwa goli lamiyala lamtengo wapatali lomwe lero lili pafupi, ku Museum of the city of Córdoba, tsamba loyenera kuyendera. Goli linaponyedwa ngati nsembe kwa milungu yamadzi ndi anthu omwe amakhala mozungulira maderawo. Mwambo wofananowu unachitikira ku mapiri a Yucatecan, m'mapiri a Nevado de Toluca komanso m'malo ena kumene milungu yofunika kwambiri ya milungu ya ku America idalambiridwa. Titha kulingalira ansembe ndi atumiki m'mbali mwa dziwe panthawi yomwe, pakati pa mipukutu yamankhwala onunkhira, adaponya zopereka zamadzi m'madzi kwinaku akufunsa milungu yazomera chaka chabwino chazomera.
Sitinakane mayeserowo ndipo tinalumphira m'madzi. Maganizo amadzimadzi ozizira, kutentha kwake ndi pafupifupi 10ºC, adakulitsidwa chifukwa chakutentha komwe kumatipangitsa kutuluka thukuta njira yonse. Dziwe liyenera kukhala lakuya pafupifupi 8m mkati mwakuya kwambiri ndikuwonekera sikufika kupitirira 2m, chifukwa chamadambo omwe madzi amanyamula mkati mwa phirilo. Malo otsetsereka m'madzi omwe amayenda amafanana ndi nsagwada zazikulu. Ndi chithunzi chomwecho cha Altépetl yama codices, pomwe kamtsinje kamadutsa kuchokera pansi pa chifanizo cha phirilo kudzera pakamwa. Ili ngati nsagwada za Tlaloc, mulungu wapadziko lapansi ndi madzi, imodzi mwamanambala ofunikira kwambiri komanso akale ku Mesoamerica. Imafanana pakamwa pa mulunguyu, yomwe imakhetsa madziwo. Caso akutiuza kuti ndiye "amene amaphukitsa" china chake kuposa zomwe zikuwonekera ku Atoyac. Kukhala pamalo ano kuli ngati kupita kukayambira zikhulupiriro, malingaliro apadziko lapansi komanso chipembedzo chisanachitike ku Spain.
Dera, ndikofunika kukumbukira, limakhala ndi chikhalidwe choyimira kwambiri cha gombe la Gulf of Mexico munthawi ya Classic. Chilankhulo chomwe amalankhula nthawi imeneyo sichidziwika, koma mosakayikira anali achibale ndi omwe amapanga El Tajín. Ma Totonac akuwoneka kuti afika m'derali kumapeto kwa nyengo za Classic komanso zoyambirira za Post-Classic. Pakati pa magombe a Gulf of Mexico ndi mapiri oyamba a Transversal Volcanic Axis, gawo limafutukuka lomwe chuma chake chachilengedwe chidakopa munthu kuyambira pomwe adayamba kumva zomwe tikudziwa lero ngati gawo la Mexico. Aaztec adayitcha Totonacapan: malo osamalira, ndiye kuti, komwe kuli chakudya. Njala itabuka ku Altiplano, gulu lankhondo la Moctecuhzoma el Huehue sanazengereze kugonjetsa mayiko awa; izi zidachitika pakati pa zaka za zana la 15. Malowa adzakhalabe pansi pa mutu wa Cuauhtocho, malo oyandikana nawo, komanso m'mbali mwa Atoyac, yomwe imasungabe nsanja - linga lomwe limalamulira mtsinjewo.
Ndi malo omwe utoto ndi kuwala zimadzaza mphamvu, komanso, kumpoto kukafika pagombe la Gulf of Mexico, ndi Atlayahuican, dera lamvula ndi chifunga.
Ndi chinyezi ichi chomwe chimalepheretsa okalamba, pomwe mawonekedwe a panorama amatha kukhala obiriwira nthawi zonse. Atoyac amatuluka mumdima wamapanga, kuchokera mkati mwamapiri. Madzi amayamba kuwonekera ndipo mphepo yamkuntho ikupitilira, ngati njoka yamtengo wapatali, nthawi zina pakati pamiyala yamphamvu, kulowera ku Cotaxtla, mtsinje womwe umakhala wokulirapo komanso wodekha. Kilomita imodzi isanafike kugombe, iphatikizana ndi Jamapa, m'chigawo cha Boca del Río, Veracruz. Kuchokera pamenepo amapitilira kukamwa kwawo ku Chalchiuhcuecan, nyanja ya mnzake wa Tláloc, mulungu wamkazi wamadzi. Madzulo anali kugwa pamene tinaganiza zopuma pantchito. Kachiŵirinso tikuwona malo otsetsereka a zitunda zodzala ndi zomera za kumadera otentha. Mwa iwo moyo umakhala ngati tsiku loyamba la dziko lapansi.
Gwero Mexico Yosadziwika No. 227 / Januware 1996
