Malo ofukula mabwinja a Campeche

Pin
Send
Share
Send

Kuwonongeka kwa madera ena otchuka kwambiri ku Campeche monga: Becán, Calakmul, Chicaná, Edzná ndi Xpuchil

Becan

Ndi malo achitetezo omwe ali mdera la Rio Bec. Malowa ali pamtunda waukulu wamiyala ndipo amadziwika makamaka chifukwa cha ngalande yayikulu yomwe yazungulira gawo lake lalikulu. Ngalayi yokumba iyi ya 1.9 km. Kutalika, idamangidwa kumapeto kwa nyengo ya pakati pa 100 ndi 250 BC, mwina pazifukwa zodzitchinjiriza. Nyumba zake zazikulu za kapangidwe kake ka Rio Bec zimadziwikanso, makamaka zomangidwa nthawi yopambana yamalirayi, pakati pa 550 ndi 830 AD. Zina mwazo ndi Structure XI, yayitali kwambiri pamalopo; Kapangidwe ka IV, kamangidwe kake kamene kamakongoletsedwa kwambiri, ndi South Staircase, mwina kotakata kwambiri mdera la Mayan.

Calakmul

Ndi umodzi mwamizinda yayikulu yaku Mayan yamakedzana komanso yopambana. Ili kumwera kwa Campeche, kumpoto kwa Petén, imadziwika chifukwa chokhala ndi ziboliboli zazikulu kwambiri, pafupifupi 106. Pafupifupi onsewo ali ndi zilembo zokongola zomwe zikuyimiridwa, mwina olamulira pamalopo, kuyimirira pa ogwidwa, komanso ma glyphs amakalendala omwe akuwonetsa idayamba pakati pa zaka 500 mpaka 850 AD Tsambalo, lomwe kale linali likulu lachigawo, limakhala pafupifupi 70 km2, momwe nyumba 6,750 zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zapezeka. Mwa awa, ma acropolis awiri, bwalo la mpira ndi akachisi ndi mapiramidi ambiri, monga Structure II, chipilala chachikulu kwambiri m'derali, kwa ena, chachikulu kwambiri m'chigawo chonse cha Mayan. Kufufuza kwaposachedwa kwapangitsa kuti apeze manda okhala ndi zopereka zambiri.

Chicana

Ndi tsamba laling'ono lomwe lili kumwera kwa Campeche. Imadziwika ndi nyumba zake zosungidwa bwino, mumapangidwe amisiri a Rio Bec. Monga kwina kulikonse m'chigawochi, nyumba zambiri zidamangidwa kumapeto kwenikweni. Kapangidwe kachiwiri ndi kosangalatsa kwambiri, kali ndi mawonekedwe a chigoba chachikulu chomwe mwina chikuyimira ltzamaná, mulungu wopanga wa Mayan, woimiridwa ngati reptile. Chitseko, pamwamba pake pali mzere wa zibangili zazikulu zamwala, chimafanana ndi pakamwa; mbali zake nsagwada zotseguka za njoka zimawonetsedwa. Malinga ndi nthano, aliyense amene amalowa mnyumbayo amamezedwa ndi mulunguyo. Kapangidwe ka XXII kamasunga pazithunzi zake zotsalira za nsagwada zazikulu, zoyimirira m'mizere yake yakachisi yakumaso ya maski okhala ndi mphuno zazikulu zopindika.

Edzna

Anali malo ofunikira kwambiri pakati pa Campeche kumapeto kwenikweni. Pakadali pano zomangamanga 200 zidamangidwa, pakati papulatifomu ndi nyumba, mdera la 17 km2, makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zidapangidwa kumapeto kwa nyengo yam'mbuyomu. Ma stelae angapo okhala ndi masiku a Long Count apezeka pano, asanu mwa iwo anali pakati pa 672 mpaka 810 AD. Tsambali lili ndi ngalande ndi madamu omwe amaperekera madzi akumwa ndi kuthirira, ndipo atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yolumikizirana. Kapangidwe kodziwika kwambiri ku Edzná ndi Nyumba yosanjikizana isanu, kuphatikiza piramidi ndi nyumba yachifumu; zipinda zinayi zoyambirira zili ndi zipinda zingapo, komaliza ndi kachisi. Kapangidwe kena kosangalatsa ndi Kachisi wa Masks, wokongoletsedwa ndi ziwonetsero za Sun God m'malo ake okwera komanso akumadzulo.

Xpuchil

Ndi dera laling'ono pafupi ndi Becán, lodziwika bwino makamaka pomanga 1 ya Gulu 1, chitsanzo chabwino cha kalembedwe kamangidwe ka Rio Bec kamene kamamangidwa kumapeto kwenikweni. Ngakhale mawonekedwe a tsambalo akuyang'ana kum'mawa, gawo losungidwa bwino, komanso lomwe lalola tanthauzo la mawonekedwe ake, ndilo kumbuyo. Chosazolowereka cha kapangidwe kameneka ndikuphatikiza nsanja yachitatu kapena piramidi yoyeserera, kwa nyumba ziwiri zomwe nyumba za Rio Bec zimakhalapo. Nyumbazi ndizolimba kwathunthu, zomangidwa zokongoletsera. Masitepe ake ndiopapatiza komanso otsetsereka ndipo akachisi akumtunda amayerekezera. Masks atatu, omwe mwachiwonekere amaimira azimayi, amakongoletsa masitepe. Akachisi oyeserera amawonetsa Itzamaná, Mulungu Mlengi, ngati njoka yakumwamba.

Pin
Send
Share
Send