Pomwe tidasanthula zambiri pamtunda, panyanja ndi mlengalenga zomwe tidachita kudera lamtchire la Baja California, tidati tiyenera kukwera mapiri ataliatali pachilumbachi.
Chifukwa chake, nsonga zoyambirira zomwe tidagonjetsa zinali nsonga za Sierra de la Laguna, m'chigawo cha Los Cabos, ndipo cholinga chathu chotsatira chinali phiri lalikulu la Tres Vírgenes, kumpoto kwa Baja California Sur. Ku La Paz tinakonzekera ulendowu, ndipo kutsatira msewu waukulu nambala 1 womwe umadutsa ku Gulf of California, tinafika ku tawuni yakale komanso yokongola ya migodi ya Santa Rosalía, yomwe ili m'mbali mwa Gulf komanso pansi pa phiri lalikulu 1,900. msnm, woyang'anira wanu wamuyaya.
Pomwe tidasanthula zambiri pamtunda, panyanja ndi mlengalenga zomwe tidachita kudera lamtchire la Baja California, tidati tiyenera kukwera mapiri ataliatali pachilumbachi. Chifukwa chake, nsonga zoyambirira zomwe tidagonjetsa zinali nsonga za Sierra de la Laguna, m'chigawo cha Los Cabos, ndipo cholinga chathu chotsatira chinali phiri lalikulu la Tres Vírgenes, kumpoto kwa Baja California Sur. Ku La Paz tinakonzekera ulendowu, ndipo kutsatira msewu waku 1 womwe ukuyenda moyandikana ndi Gulf of California tidafika ku tawuni yakale komanso yokongola ya migodi ya Santa Rosalía, yomwe ili m'mbali mwa Gulf komanso pansi pa phiri lalikulu la 1,900. msnm, woyang'anira wanu wamuyaya.
Santa Rosalía, yemwenso amadziwika kuti "Cahanilla", ndi tawuni yakale yachifalansa. Zaka zapitazo, tawuniyi inali yotukuka kwambiri pachilumbachi, potengera miyala yamkuwa yopezeka m'mapiri oyandikira, pomwe mcherewo unali pamwamba panthaka mumipira yayikulu yotchedwa "boleos". Izi zidachitidwa ndi kampani yaku France ya El Boleo Mining Company, yolumikizidwa ndi nyumba ya Rothschild.
Achifalansa adamanga nyumba zawo zamatabwa zokongola, masitolo awo ndi ophika buledi (zomwe zikugwirabe ntchito mpaka pano), ndipo adabweretsanso tchalitchi, cha Santa Barbara, chomwe chidapangidwa ndi wolemba Eiffel. Kukongola ndi kulemera kwa tawuniyi kudatha mu 1953, pomwe madipoziti adatha, koma Santa Rosalía akadali komweko, m'mbali mwa Nyanja ya Bermejo, ngati nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale yomwe imasunga kukoma kwake komanso mpweya waku France m'misewu ndi nyumba zake. .
DZIKO LA VOLCANIC LA AMwali ANTHU Atatu
Malo ophulikawo amapangidwa ndi mapiri a Tres Vírgenes, Azufre ndi Viejo, onse omwe ali gawo la El Vizcaíno Desert Biosphere Reserve (261,757.6 has). Dera lino ndilofunikira kwambiri mwachilengedwe komanso malo okhala, chifukwa limakhala malo okhala nyama zomwe zikuwopsezedwa, zapadera padziko lapansi, monga cirio, datilillo ndi nkhosa yayikulu, komanso chifukwa ndi gwero lofunikira la mphamvu yotentha ndi mpweya yomwe imapangidwa m'matumbo kuchokera pansi, masauzande akuya. Pakadali pano, Federal Electricity Commission ikupanga projekiti yosangalatsa kwambiri yogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamafuta mu phiri la Tres Vírgenes.
CIMARRÓN BORREGO
Ntchito ina yosangalatsanso yofunika kwambiri pazachilengedwe ndikuteteza ndi kusamalira nkhosa zazikuluzikulu, zomwe zimachitika ndikuwunika kuchuluka kwa anthu, kuwona momwe amabalira ndi kubala zowerengera kuchokera mlengalenga; Koma koposa zonse izi ndi kukhala tcheru motsutsana ndi opha nyama mosayenera.
Chiwerengero cha nkhosa zazikulu kwambiri m'derali akuti chikuzungulira anthu pafupifupi 100.
Paulendo wathu wopita kumapiri omwe anali ndi mapiri tinali ndi mwayi wowona gulu lankhosa zazikulu pamapiri otsetsereka a phiri la Azufre. Pakadali pano gawo lake logawidwa limafanana ndi 30% ya zomwe zimadziwika kale chifukwa cha adani ake oyipitsitsa: opha nyama mosavomerezeka komanso kusintha kwa malo ake.
KUPITIRA VOLCANO
Kupitiliza kukonzekera kwathu, tinapita kumalo osungira zinthu zakale kuti tikapemphe chilolezo chokwera phirilo, kenako, tili ndi zida zonse, tinayamba kuyenda m'chipululu pansi pa dzuwa losalekeza. Kuti tidziteteze ku izi timakulunga nsalu zathu kumutu, kachitidwe ka Arabia. Ma Turbani ndiwo chitetezo chabwino kwambiri padzuwa, chifukwa amakhala onyowa ndi thukuta, ndipo amazizira komanso amateteza mutu, motero amapewa kutaya madzi m'thupi.
Phiri laphirili la Virgini limawayendera pafupipafupi, limangokopa iwo okha omwe amakonda zosangalatsa komanso kufufuza, monga asayansi, osaka nyama komanso oyendayenda. Lingaliro la Anamwali Atatu kuchokera kumunsi kwake ndilopatsa chidwi, monga kuchokera ku pulaneti ina; madera ake oyaka moto, opangidwa ndi miyala yakuda yakuphulika kwa mapiri, adatipangitsa kulingalira za kukwera kwake kukakhala kovuta komanso za mtundu wa moyo womwe ungakhale m'malo ouma komanso olimba chonchi.
Palibe mbiri yeniyeni yoti ndani adayamba kukwera phirili. Mu 1870, nthawi yakufufuza kwa migodi komwe kampani yaku France idachita, waku Germany wotchedwa Heldt adafika pamwamba, ndipo pambuyo pake anthu angapo adakwera kukakwera mapiri, monga ansembe aku parishi a kachisi wa Santa Bárbara, ku Santa Rosalía, yemwe adaika mitanda pamwamba.
Dzinalo la Anamwali Atatu ndichifukwa chakuti mapiri ake atatu apanga dera losavomerezeka, losafufuzidwa pang'ono, lakutali komanso loti namwali, komwe zaka zikwizikwi za chilengedwe zimapitilizabe, zidayamba zaka 250,000 zapitazo.
Kuphulika kwamphamvu komaliza, komwe adaponyera chiphalaphala ndi miyala, kunanenedwa ndi a Father Consag ndi a Rodríguez mu Meyi-Juni 1746; mu 1857 phirili linatulutsa nthunzi yambiri.
Gawo loyamba laulendo wathu, timadutsa nkhalango zowirira za nthambi zoyera, ma torote, mitengo ya mesquite, ma chollas, ma cardoni ndi mitengo ya njovu yochititsa chidwi yomwe mizu yake yopotoka imamangirira miyala yayikulu yamapiri. Zomera zimatsekedwa pamenepo, kulibe njira kapena njira zolembedwera, ndipo muyenera kupita patsogolo pa zig-zag pakati pa ma chollas, omwe atakhudza pang'ono pokha atapachikidwa pa zovala zathu, ndipo minga yawo yolimba komanso yakuthwa ngati timadontho tinaikidwa m'manja mwathu ndi miyendo; minga ina inakwanitsa kulowa mu nsapatozo ndipo inakhala chisokonezo chenicheni.
Njira yopezeka kwambiri imapezeka pakati pa phiri loti Virgins atatu ndi phiri la Azufre. Pamene tikupita patsogolo, tikulowa m'dziko labwino kwambiri la "mitengo yosaoneka bwino", monga wanenera wansembe wachiJesuit Miguel del Barco (wolemba buku la Natural History and Chronicle of Antigua California), yemwe adadabwitsidwa ndi mitundu yosasangalatsa ya maluwa chipululu, chopangidwa ndi biznagas, chimphona cacti, mitengo ya njovu, yucca, makandulo, ndi zina zotero.
Chosangalatsa komanso chosangalatsa kwambiri m'chigawochi chili m'malo ake olimba, pomwe kutalika kwake kumasiyana mosiyanasiyana, kuyambira kunyanja mpaka pafupifupi 2,000 m pamsonkhano wa Amwali Atatu; Masamba osinthika oterewa adatipangitsa kuyang'anira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera zomwe zimakhala kuphulika. Titawoloka malo opukutira tapeza nkhalango yochititsa chidwi komanso yachilendo ya makandulo.
Makandulo
Kandulo ndi imodzi mwazomera zosowa kwambiri komanso zodabwitsa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha kusintha ndi kupulumuka ku chilengedwe; Amakula m'malo ovuta kwambiri m'chipululu, momwe kutentha kumasiyana pakati pa 0ºC mpaka 40ºC, ndimvula yochepa kwambiri.
Kukula kwake kuli pang'onopang'ono; Pazotheka bwino amakula 3.7 cm pachaka, kuwatenga zaka 27 kuti afike mita imodzi kutalika. M'mikhalidwe yosavomerezeka amafunikira zaka 40 kuti akule mita imodzi, 2.6 cm pachaka. Makandulo atali kwambiri komanso akale kwambiri omwe amapezeka amapezeka mpaka 18 mita kutalika komanso zaka pafupifupi 360.
KUGONJETSA NDALAMA
Malo owala kwambiri komanso ophulika a mapiri sanasiye kutidabwitsa. Titawoloka nkhalango yonyansa yamakandulo, tinakwera phiri, pakati pa Anamwali Atatu ndi Sulufule, komwe malowa adakhala gawo lalikulu komanso lamdima, lokhalidwa ndi cacti, magueys ndi yuccas omwe amamatira panjira ina. Zodabwitsa. Kukwera kwathu kunachedwetsedwa chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwamalowo.
Patadutsa maola angapo tikulumphalumpha kuchokera pathanthwe kupita ku thanthwe, tinakwera kumapeto kwa malo amiyala, komwe tinakumana ndi chopinga china chovuta kwambiri: nkhalango yayikulu yamitengo yayifupi ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ya sotol (Nolina beldingii). Mugawo ili zomera sizinali zaminga, koma zotsekedwa ngati zitsamba. M'magawo ena tidayenda pamitengo yaying'ono ndipo ina adatiphimba kwathunthu, kutisokoneza ndikupangitsa kuti tizizungulira kumapeto komaliza kwa kukwera (ndipo timaganiza kuti apa pali miyala yokha). Pomaliza, titayenda movutikira kwa maola khumi ndi awiri tinafika pamwambowu wokhala ndi mtanda wowoneka bwino womwe wagona pansi pa chikhatho chachikulu cha sotol.
Timatseka kumapeto kwa tsiku lathu mwa kulingalira za kulowa kwa dzuwa kokongola kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, kuchokera pa 1 951 m kuchokera padenga lina la chilumba cha Baja California. Zinali ngati chiphalaphalacho chayakanso, malowo adapangidwa utoto wofunda wachikaso, lalanje komanso wofiyira. Kutali, cheza chomaliza chadzuwa chinaunikira Reserve lalikulu la El Vizcaíno; patali muthanso kuwona madambo a San Ignacio ndi Ojo de Liebre ku Guerrero Negro, malo opatulira makolo a chinsomba chachikulu ku Mexico Pacific. M'madera otentha zigwa zazikulu komanso zopanda malire zidakulirakonso, kwawo kwa pronghorn, yemwe chidwi chake chidasokonekera chifukwa cha nsonga zochititsa chidwi za Santa Clara. Pafupi ndi kuphulika kwa mapiri ndi malo okwera a Sierra de San Francisco ndi Santa Martha adatsegulidwa, mapiri onse awiri amakhala m'zigwa zawo chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi: zojambula zozizwitsa zamapanga.
Kutuluka kwa dzuwa kudali kokongola modabwitsa. Mosakayikira, kuchokera pano mutha kulingalira za malo okongola kwambiri padziko lapansi; Kuwala koyamba kwa dzuwa kudawunikira gombe la Sonora, Gulf of California ndi mapiri a Viejo ndi del Azufre, mboni zokhulupirika zakomwe dziko lawo lidachokera, chilumba cha Baja California.
NGATI MUKAPITA KU VOLCANO YA AMwali ANTHU ATATU
Tengani khwalala ayi. 1, yomwe imadutsa chilumba cha Baja California, kukafika ku Santa Rosalía. Kumeneko mupeza malo opangira mafuta, mahotela odyera komanso malo odyera.
Kuchokera ku Santa Rosalía muyenera kupitabe mumsewu womwewo ndikudutsa komwe kukutengerani ku famu ya Tres Vírgenes.
Mu bonfil ejido mutha kupeza maupangiri okwera phirilo (funsani a Ramón Arce), koma chidziwitso ndi chilolezo ziyenera kupemphedwa kuchokera ku Biological Station ya El Vizcaíno Reserve ku Guerrero Negro kapena pitani ku malo ocheperako a Borrego Cimarrón, pafupi ndi ranchería de las Tres Vírgenes.
Gwero: Mexico Unknown No. 265 / Marichi 1999
Wojambula waluso pamasewera osangalatsa. Adagwira MD kwa zaka zopitilira 10!
