Iye Mzinda Wamatsenga Poblano de Cuetzalan amapereka matsenga amtundu wina wachikhalidwe cha ku Mexico chisanachitike. Kuwongolera kwathunthu uku kukupatsani mwayi wodziwa tawuniyi osaphonya chilichonse chosangalatsa.
1. Kodi Cuetzalan ili kuti ndipo ndi yotani?
Cuetzalan ndiye mtsogoleri wa boma la Puebla ku Cuetzalan del Progreso, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa boma la Puebla. Ndafika paudindo wa Mzinda Wamatsenga Mexico mu 2002, chifukwa cha mphamvu ndi chikhalidwe cha anthropological komanso chikhalidwe cha moyo wamakolo komanso kukongola kwa kapangidwe kake. Ndi tawuni yomwe ili ndi misewu yotsetsereka, yokhala ndi nyumba zokhala ndi mapiko akulu ndi makoma akuda akuda moyera ndi ofiira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale bata komanso bata.
2. Kodi ndingapeze nyengo yotani kumeneko?
Cuetzalan ili ndi nyengo yotentha kwambiri yotentha kwambiri yomwe anthu amakhala m'mapiri a Sierra Norte de Puebla. Malowa ndi amvula ndipo nkhalango za m'mapiri oyandikira ali ndi chifunga, chifukwa chake chifunga chimatsikira mtawuniyi pafupipafupi ndipo mitambo imakhudza pansi. Muyenera kukumbukira zochitika zanyengo izi mukamachezera ndi kusamalira zofunikira. Kutentha kumakhala kocheperako kuposa 22 ° C m'miyezi yotentha kwambiri.
3. Kodi ndingafike bwanji ku Cuetzalan panjira?
Mtunda pakati pa Mexico City ndi Cuetzalan ndi pafupifupi makilomita 300 kumwera chakum'mawa, komwe kumatha kupitilizidwa pafupifupi maola 4 ndi kotala potenga msewu waukulu wopita ku Puebla de Zaragoza. Kufika ku Puebla, njira yomwe mungatenge ndi Apizaco - Zacapoaxtla - Cuetzalan. Kuchokera ku Puebla de Zaragoza, ulendo wopita ku Magic Town ndi 175 km kumpoto chakum'mawa. Mabasi amachoka kumalo okwerera ndege ku Mexico City ndi Puebla popita ku Cuetzalan.
4. Kodi "Cuetzalan" amatanthauza chiyani?
Quetzal ndi nyama yofunika kwambiri m'nthano zachikhalidwe zaku Mesoamerica ndipo nthenga zokongola za mbalamezi zidafunsidwa ndi Amwenye kuti azipereka kwa milunguyo ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito zovala ndi miyambo yofunikira. Amakhulupirira kuti dzina loyambirira la «Cuetzalan» linali «Quetzalan», kutanthauza kuti "malo azambiri za quetzal". Tanthauzo lovomerezeka kwambiri la «Cuetzalan» ndi «gulu la nthenga zofiira ndi nsonga zabuluu pamano awiri»
5. Kodi kusintha kwa zisanachitike ku Spain ndi Spain ndi chiyani?
Amakhulupirira kuti chakumapeto kwa nthawi ya Chikristu chisanachitike, Cuetzalan anali gawo la Totonacapan, dera lomwe linali chisanachitike ku Spain lomwe linayambira ku El Tajín, pafupi ndi mzinda wapano wa Veracruz wa Papantla de Olarte, komanso likulu la ufumu wa Totonaca. Bukuli limathandizidwa ndi umboni wofukula m'mabwinja womwe umapezeka mumzinda wa Cuetzalan del Progreso. Pogonjetsa, Cuetzalan adalalikidwa ndi anthu aku Franciscan ndipo anali malo ofunikira azachuma komanso amalonda, otchedwa San Francisco Cuetzalan.
6. Kodi maziko a zokopa za Pueblo Mágico ndi ati?
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso yamphamvu yazikhalidwe zamtawuniyi ndichofunikira kwambiri. Lamlungu lirilonse limakondwerera umodzi mwamiyala yolemera kwambiri yazikhalidwe ku Mexico, yomwe imasanduka phwando lakale ku Columbian, ndi magule, ziwonetsero komanso kugulitsa zinthu zamtundu uliwonse. Momwemonso, mankhwala ndi gastronomy yochokera kumayiko ena ili ndi zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri, monga yolixpa ndi tlayoyos, malingaliro onsewa pamodzi ndi kukongola kwa tawuniyi.
7. Kodi ungandiuze chiyani za tianguis wanu wamulungu?
Lamlungu tianguis a Cuetzalan ndi mwambo kuchokera pa kavalidwe. Amunawa amavala zoyera, pomwe azimayi amavala mitundu yomwe kwa zaka mazana ambiri imagwirizana ndi madera ndi matauni omwe amapita kumsika wamsewu, kuphatikiza zoyera, zakuda ndi zamtambo. Zinthu zosiyanasiyana ku tianguis zimaphatikizapo nsalu zokongoletsa m'mapiri, ma huaraches, maluwa, khofi ndi zinthu zina zamasamba, komanso zakudya ndi zakumwa zachikhalidwe. Mukamayang'ana luso mukamamwa yolixpa ndipo mwadzidzidzi ziwonetserozo zimayamba, mumamva ngati momwe munalili m'masiku Cortés asanachitike.
8. Kodi yolixpa ndi chiyani ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji?
Yolixpa ndi chakumwa chochokera ku Sierra de Puebla chomwe ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu kwambiri zokometsera komanso chikhalidwe cha tawuni ya Cuetzalan. Amapangidwa ndi zitsamba zambiri, osachepera 23, ndipo idayamba ngati mankhwala opangidwa ndi asing'anga amtundu wawo kenako ngati chakumwa cholimbana ndi kuzizira kwamapiri. Kutanthauzira kwa «yolixpa» ndi «mankhwala amtima», kuchokera ku mawu achi Nahuatl «yolo», kutanthauza kuti "mtima" ndi «ixpactic», kutanthauza kuti "mankhwala»
9. Kodi yolixpa yakonzedwa bwanji?
Ngakhale maphikidwewa ndi osungidwa, ndizodziwika kuti pakati pa 23 ndi 30 zitsamba zomwe zimapezeka m'mapiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, pakati pa ma sage, timbewu tonunkhira, basil, timbewu tonunkhira, oregano ndi thyme. Zitsambazo zimatsalira m'madzi osakanikirana ndi burande, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mowa usunge madziwo. Chinsinsi choyambirira, chazamankhwala, sichinali ndi zotsekemera ndipo chinali chowawa kwambiri. Popeza kutsatsa kwamalonda kumatha kuchita chilichonse, ngakhale m'matawuni omwe asanachitike Columbian, tsopano pali mitundu ina yosangalatsa.
10. Kodi ndingayese kuti yolixpa ku Cuetzalan?
Ma yolixpas a Cuetzalan ndi otchuka kwambiri m'boma la Puebla ndi malo ozungulira. Amakonzedwa m'mitundu isanu ndi iwiri: yachilengedwe, yotsekemera, yokometsedwa ndi zipatso ndi mbewu, koma osatsekemera; ndi zonunkhira ndi zotsekemera. Zachilengedwe 100% zimakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira woperekedwa ndi zitsamba. Zonunkhira zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi zipatso zokonda, lalanje, coconut ndi khofi. Zosangalatsa nthawi zambiri zimakhala uchi komanso shuga wofiirira. M'malo aliwonse odyera, bala kapena khola ku Cuetzalan mutha kumwa yolixpa ndikuchotsanso mabotolo.
11. Kodi tawuniyi ndi yodziwika bwino mwanjira zomanga?
Tawuni ya Cuetzalan yomwe misewu yake yotsetsereka komanso nyumba zake zokhala ndi mapiko akuluakulu opaka utoto woyera ndi zofiira zimapatsa chithunzi chabwino. Kupatula madera akumidzi, pali nyumba zina zomwe zimakhala zomangamanga, pakati pake pali Municipal Palace, Church of San Francisco, Chapel of the Immaculate Conception ndi Sanctuary ya Guadalupe.
Ngati mukufuna zinthu 12 zoti muchite ku Cuetzalan Dinani apa.
12. Kodi kukopa kwa Parroquia de San Francisco ndikotani?
Nyumba yoyamba ya kachisi wa San Francisco de Asís idamangidwa m'zaka za zana la 17, ndikusinthidwa zingapo pambuyo pake, yomaliza mzaka za 1940. Nyumba yake yayitali yochititsa chidwi yamamita 68, yokhala ndi mizere yachikunja komanso yachikondi, idawonjezedwa koyambirira kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 19 ndipo ndiwodziwika kwambiri m'matchalitchi m'boma la Puebla. Pakatikati pa atrium pali mzati wochitira kuvina kwa Voladores. M'mbali mwa guwa lansembe lamangidwa ndi "Canticle of Brother Sun"
13. Kodi Chaputala cha Mimba Yoyera ndichosangalatsa?
Chapempherochi chidalamulidwa kuti chimangidwe ndi banja lakomweko kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, chomaliza mu 1913. Chodziwika ndichakuti chimayang'ana mbali yakumwera-kumpoto, mosemphana ndi lamulo lakumanga kwa Akatolika kuti mipingo ikhale ndi mbali yayikulu yoyang'anizana ndi Kumadzulo. Omangawo mwina sanali odzipereka kwenikweni, koma adasiya ntchito yokongola yotchuka kuti tchalitchi cha La Conchita. Mkati mwake muli chithunzi chachipembedzo chojambulidwa Joaquín Galicia Castro.
14. Mungandiuze chiyani za Shrine of Guadalupe?
Tchalitchichi chomwe chidali ndi zomenyera za Neo-Gothic chidamalizidwa munthawi yofananira ndi miyezo ya nthawiyo, popeza idamangidwa zaka 5 zokha, pakati pa Disembala 1889 ndi Januware 1895. Ili moyang'anizana ndi manda aku Cuetzalan ndipo idapangidwa m'chifanizo cha Malo Opatulika a Namwali wa Lourdes, wochokera ku Louvre, France. Gawo lake lowoneka bwino kwambiri ndi nsanja yayitali komanso yaying'ono yokongoletsedwa ndi mizere ya miphika yadothi, ndichifukwa chake amatchedwa "Church of the Jarritos."
15. Kodi chidwi chanyumba ya Municipal ndi chiyani?
Ntchito yomanga nyumbayi yokongola kwambiri ya rustic neoclassical yomalizidwa idamalizidwa mu 1941, malinga ndi chithunzi choyerekeza cha tchalitchi cha Roma ku San Juan de Letrán. Pakatikati pa khonde lake pali zida zankhondo ndipo pamwamba pake pamakongoletsedwa ndi chosema cha Cuauhtemoc, ntchito ya Isauro Bazán waluso.
16. Mbiri yanu ndi yotani ndi Nyumba Yachikhalidwe Yanu Pano?
Nyumba yayikulu komanso yokongola ya Cuetzalan House of Culture idayamba kutchedwa "House of the Machine" kapena "Big Machine" kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, pomwe idamangidwa ngati likulu la mafakitale a khofi m'derali. Nyumba yamabizinesi yomwe ili ndi mawindo a Gothic inali ndi zipinda zosankhira ndi kusunga tirigu, maofesi, malo operekera katundu komanso makina akulu omwe adatcha dzinalo. Pakali pano ili ndi Calmahuistic Ethnographic Museum, komanso Library ndi Municipal Archive.
17. Ndikuwona chiyani ku Ethnographic Museum?
Calmahuistic Ethnographic Museum ndi chitsanzo cha chilengedwe cha Cuetzalan kuchokera pazidutswa zofukulidwa m'mabwinja zomwe zapezeka patsamba la Yohualichan, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku lililonse kuyambira pomwe tawuniyi idapangidwa, zithunzi ndi zikalata. Zakale, zida ndi zida zachitukuko cha Totonac, zovala zachikhalidwe, zida zoimbira, loom, zaluso ndi zina zidawonetsedwa. Zosonkhanitsazo zili m'zipinda 7 za Nyumba Yachikhalidwe ya Cuetzalan ndipo ndizodziwika bwino kuti zidziwitsozi zili m'Chisipanishi ndi Chinawato.
18. Kodi zikondwerero za ku Cuetzalan zili ndi zokopa zotani?
Masiku oyamba a Okutobala ali ndi chisangalalo, chisangalalo ndi chisangalalo ku Cuetzalan kuyambira pa 4th phwando lachifumu limakondwerera kulemekeza San Francisco de Asís ndipo mkati mwa sabata Kafe Fair imachitika. Chochitika china chosangalatsa kwambiri ndi National Fair of Huipil, chikondwerero chachikhalidwe chomwe chimachitikanso sabata yoyamba ya Okutobala. Chochitikachi chimasankha mfumukazi yachikhalidwe ndipo ofuna kusankhidwa ayenera kukhala achichepere achichepere omwe amalankhula Chinawato, atavala chovala cha Cuetzalteco. Zikondwerero za ku Cuetzalan zimakhala zovina zisanachitike ku Spain, pakati pawo ndi Dance of the Quetzales ndi Voladores.
19. Kodi chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi gastronomy yanu ndi chiyani?
Zakudya za Cuetzalteca zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zatsopano zomwe zimapangidwa m'munsi mwa mapiri, omwe zokolola zake zimakondedwa ndi chinyezi chambiri m'derali. Gastronomy imawonetsa mbale zokhazokha ndipo zina zimaphatikizana ndi zaluso zaku Spain zaku zaku India komanso ochokera kumadera ena ku Mexico. Zina mwazofunikira za zakudya zakomweko ndi bowa, zitsamba zonunkhira, zipatso, makamaka zipatso zokonda (zipatso zosilira, zipatso zosilira); Ndipo khofi. Zachidziwikire, chakumwa cha nyenyezi ndi yolixpa ndipo m'maswiti maswiti omwe adakonzedwa ndi chilakolako cha zipatso ndi macadamia amaonekera. Chakudya china chakomweko ndi a Tayoyo.
20. Ndamva za a Tayoyo a ku Cuetzalan, ndi otani?
Tayoyos, omwe amatchedwanso tlayoyos, tlacoyos ndi mayina ena, ndi chotupitsa chotchuka kwambiri ku Mexico m'malo osiyanasiyana mdziko muno. Momwe imakhalira, ndi chimanga chamtundu chakuda, chodzaza nyemba kapena nyemba zina, zokongoletsedwa ndi msuzi wa tsabola, nopales ndi zina. Cuetzalteco tayoyos amapangidwa ndi mtanda wopangidwa ndi nandolo wobiriwira wophika ndi peyala ndi masamba obiriwira; yokazinga mu batala wa nyama komanso wokazinga ndi tchizi ndi msuzi wokometsera.
21. Kodi ndingapeze ntchito yamanja yoona?
Msika wa Matachiuj Handicraft, womwe uli pakatikati pa Cuetzalan ku Calle Miguel Alvarado, pafupi ndi bwalo lalikulu la tawuniyi, umapereka zovala zansalu zopangidwa ndimalaya achikale. Muthanso kupeza zinthu zadengu ndi zojambula zamatabwa, zopangidwa ndi zokambirana zama banja mtawuniyi. Zina mwazidutswa za nsalu ndizovala, zikwama zam'manja ndi ma rebozo.
22. Kodi wailesi yakomweko idayamba bwanji?
Cuetzalan ndi umodzi mwamatauni aku Mexico omwe akuchita upangiri pakupanga wayilesi yakomweko yolimbikitsidwa ndi System of Indigenous Cultural Broadcasters a National Commission for Development of Indigenous Peoples. Pankhani ya Cuetzalan ndi Sierra Norte de Puebla, zotulutsidwazi zimaperekedwa kwa mafuko a Nahua ndi Totonac. Nyimbo ndizomwe zimazindikiritsa anthu awa, makamaka Huapango, Tapaxuwan ndi Xochipitsauak, komanso nyimbo zovina, mawu oyera ndi ziwonetsero zina zamiyambo.
23. Ndi malo ena ati omwe mukulimbikitsa kuti mupite ku Cuetzalan del Progreso?
Mphindi 5 kuchokera ku Cuetzalan ndi tawuni ya San Miguel Tzinacapan, yomwe ili ndi tchalitchi chokongola komanso cholowa chambiri cha magule achikhalidwe. Nyimbo za zitoliro zachilengedwe, ngoma zachilengedwe ndi mabelu, komanso zida zoimbira zochokera ku Spain, monga ma violin ndi magitala, ndizomwe zimayambira magule ndi chiwonetsero cha Voladores. Komanso mphindi 5 kuchokera ku Cuetzalan ndi San Andrés Tzicuilan, omwe ali ndi maiwe otsitsimula ndi mathithi ambiri, monga Las Brisas, Las Hamacas, La Atapatahua, Atltepetl ndi El Salto.
24. Ndikuwona chiyani m'malo ofukula mabwinja a Yohualichan?
Makilomita 7 kum'mawa kwa Cuetzalan ndi malo ofukula mabwinja, ntchito kuyambira koyambirira kwakale, pafupifupi kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka za zana lachiwiri AD. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa Yohualichan kunamangidwa ndi Otomi ndi Totonacs omwe adachokera ku El Tajín. Kukongola kwa tsambalo kudachitika m'ma 600s ndipo kuchepa kwake kudayamba mozungulira ma 900s ndikubwera kwa ma Toltec.
25. Kodi ndikoyenera kupita ku Cuichat?
Tawuni ina yosangalatsa pafupi ndi Cuetzalan ndi Cuichat, yomwe ili ndi nyanja zomwe zimasambira bwino. Pafupi pali mapanga ena, pomwe titha kutchula phanga la Amocuali kapena phanga la Mdyerekezi, malo omwe, malinga ndi nthano, mzimu wa alendo umakhalabe wogwidwa ngati sanena mawu amatsenga akuchoka »
26. Mungandiuze chiyani za zokopa za maboma oyandikana nawo?
Cuetzalan del Progreso imadutsa matauni ena a Puebla 7: Jonotla, Tlatlauquitepec, Ayotoxco de Guerrero, Zoquiapan, Tenampulco, Zacapoaxtla ndi Nauzontla. Jonotla ili pamtunda wa makilomita 24 kuchokera ku Cuatzalan ndipo ili ndi kachisi wazaka za zana la 16, malo osungira zachilengedwe pa Mtsinje wa Apulco, mathithi ndi mapanga. Tlatlauquitepec ili pamtunda wa makilomita 65 kuchokera ku Cuetzalan ndipo ili ndi nyumba zokongola, monga Sanctuary ya Lord of Huaxtla ndi Church komanso malo achitetezo akale a Santa María, komanso mathithi ambiri.
27. Mukundilimbikitsa kuti ndiwone chiyani m'matauni ena?
Zacapoaxtla ili pamtunda wa makilomita 35 kuchokera ku Cuetzalan ndipo ndi mzinda womwe umasunga kalembedwe kokongola kachigawo. Mwa zina mwa nyumba zake zokongola ndi zócalo, Municipal Palace ndi kiosk yake ndi Lord of Nahuixesta temple. "Xolapalcali" Site Historical Museum imagwira ntchito ku Municipal Palace. Zokopa zina za Zacapoaxtla ndi maphompho ake ndi mitsinje yomwe imasangalatsidwa ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana ndi mathithi ena, kuwunikira La Gloria, mamita 35 kutalika.
28. Kodi ndingakhale kuti?
Popeza idaphatikizidwa mumadongosolo amatauni aku Mexico, Cuetzalan yakhala ikupanga hotelo yokongola ndi zopereka. Awa ndi malo ang'onoang'ono, mogwirizana ndi mawonekedwe amzindawu komanso chilengedwe. Pakati pa mahotela omwe amapereka ndalama zabwino ndi Hotel La Casa de Piedra, malo okongola okhala pafupi ndi bwaloli. Taselotzin ndi hotelo ina yabwino, yomwe ili ndi dimba laling'ono lazomera. Reserva Azul, m'dera la El Cuitchat, ili ndi nyumba zokongola zamatabwa.
29. Ndi njira zina ziti zomwe mungalimbikitse?
Hotel Villas Cuetzalan, pa Km 5.5 ya mseu wa Cuetzalan - Zacapoaxtla, ali ndi malingaliro owoneka bwino ndipo amaphika buledi wawo. Posada La Plazuela, ku Hidalgo N ° 3, imagwira ntchito munyumba yachikhalidwe yokhala ndi zipinda zabwino. El Encuentro ndi hotelo pafupi ndi pakati pa tawuni, yokhala ndi zipinda zosavuta komanso mitengo yotsika. Njira zina zogona ku Cuetzalan ndi Aldea San Francisco de Asís, Mesón Yohualichan, Chiuanime ndi Cabañas Quinta Real Cuetzalan.
30. Kudya kuti ku Cuetzalan?
La Milagrosita ndi malo odyera ang'onoang'ono, abwino kulawa zakudya zosiyanasiyana za Cuetzaltecan. Peña Los Jarritos ndi nyumba yokongoletsedwa bwino ndipo imakhala ndi nyimbo. Ku Café Aroma ndi akatswiri pa zokolola ndipo amakonza zakumwa momwe mumakonda. Malo odyera a Yoloxochitl amalimbikitsidwa bowa wake. Café Restaurant Museo La Época De Oro imagwira ntchito mnyumba yokongola, ndikuwonetsa zitsanzo zakale ndipo amadziwika ndi Tayoyos.
Pepani kuti timaliza ulendowu ku Cuetzalan. Tikukhulupirira kuti mfundoyi ikhale yothandiza paulendo wanu wopita ku Magic Town ndikuti tikumananso posachedwa.
