Mamyuziyamu okhudzana ndi mbiri yachilengedwe ndi otchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso chomwe amapereka pazachilengedwe, zomwe zimatilola kusilira nyama ndi zomera zomwe sitingazione.
Odziwika kwambiri ndi awa London Y New York, koma Mzinda wa Mexico Ndiwosangalatsa kwambiri ndipo mwina ndikungokutengerani kutali ndi iye ulendo waufupi wapansi panthaka ndi basi. Tikukupemphani kuti mupite ku Natural History Museum ku Mexico City ndi bukuli.
Kodi Museum of Natural History idakhazikitsidwa liti ndipo nyumba yake ndi yotani?
Museum of Natural History idatsegula zitseko zake pa Okutobala 24, 1964, mkati mwa mafunde osungira zakale zakale mzaka za m'ma 60, momwe mudatulukiranso National Museum of Anthropology, Museum of Modern Art, National Museum a Viceroyalty ndi mabungwe ena azikhalidwe zaku Mexico.
Natural History Museum ili m'chigawo chachiwiri cha nkhalango ya Chapultepec ndipo ili ndi mamita 7,5002 chiwonetsero, chogawidwa munyumba yazomangamanga yopangidwa ndi nyumba zomangidwa mozungulira.
Nyumbayi ilinso ndi malo olandirira alendo pomwe pali zitsanzo zowonetsera komanso malo obiriwira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita zachilengedwe komanso kufalitsa kwasayansi.
Pakadali pano nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale yaphatikizidwa ndi General Directorate of Urban Forests and Environmental Education ya Unduna wa Zachilengedwe wa Federal District Government.
Kodi buku lachitsanzo la Museum of Natural History lidakonzedwa bwanji?
Chiwonetserocho chimapangidwa m'zipinda 7 kapena malo owonetserako kosatha: Chilengedwe, Gulu lazamoyo, Kusinthasintha kwa chilengedwe cham'madzi; Kusinthika kwa zamoyo; Kusintha kwaumunthu, kuyang'ana komwe tidachokera; Biogeography, kuyenda ndi kusintha kwa moyo; ndi chithunzi cha Diego Rivera, Madzi, chiyambi cha moyo, yomwe ili ku Cárcamo de Dolores, nyumba yolumikiza yosungiramo zinthu zakale.
Cholowa cha nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakalechi chimapangidwa ndi mitundu iwiri yosonkhanitsa: Exhibition Collection ndi Scientific Collection of Tizilombo.
Zitsanzo zakutolera koyamba zimawonetsedwa muzipinda zosiyanasiyana zowonetserako, pomwe zambiri zomwe zimasonkhanitsa tizilombo zimasungidwa mosamala, ndizoletsedwa kupeza.
Kodi ndingawone chiyani mchipinda chonena za Chilengedwe?
Gawoli likuyendera mawonekedwe a chilengedwe chonse, kuyambira koyambira kwa Dzuwa ndi Dzuwa, mapulaneti, ma satelayiti ndi zina zakuthambo, mpaka pakupanga madera akuluakulu, monga milalang'amba.
M'chipindachi chidutswa cha meteorite cha Allende chimasungidwa, chowotcha moto chomwe pa 8 February, 1969 chidagawika mzidutswa pafupi ndi Chihuahuan okhala ndi dzina lomweli, ngakhale magawo angapo adapezedwa.
Allende meteorite idapangidwa zaka 4.568 miliyoni zapitazo, munthawi yomweyo ndi Dzuwa, ndiye mukawona chidutswa cha 20 sentimita chomwe nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imawonetsera, mudzakhala mukusilira mwina chinthu chakale kwambiri chomwe chimadutsa maso anu.
Danga lina losangalatsa mu gawo loperekedwa ku Chilengedwe laperekedwa ku nkhani ya kutentha kwa dziko, komwe kuli kofunikira kwambiri pakupulumuka kwa zamoyo, kuphatikizapo anthu.
Alendo kuno amalandila zidziwitso zofunikira kuti azisamalira zachilengedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisinthe chiwopsezo cha kutentha kwanyengo.
Kodi gulu la zinthu zamoyo limapereka chiyani?
Gawo ili lodziwika bwino lapangidwa kuchokera ku lingaliro la chisinthiko chokhudza kupangidwa kwa zikwizikwi za zamoyo zomwe zimakhala padziko lapansi.
Kuyambira kalekale, anthu anali ndi chidwi chogawa nyama ndi zomera.
Mmodzi mwa oyamba kuganiza omwe adafikira pamutuwu anali wafilosofi wachi Greek Aristotle, yemwe adagawaniza zamoyo mogwirizana ndi mawonekedwe awo.
Anali Aristotle yemwe adasiyanitsa koyamba pakati pa nyama za oviparous ndi viviparous, ngakhale sanali wolondola pomwe ananena kuti luntha la nzeru ndi mtima komanso kuti ntchito yaubongo inali kuteteza mtima kuti usatenthe.
Komanso panali ena odziwika bwino azinthu zamoyo, mpaka chofunikira kwambiri chinawonekera, Mswede Carl von Linnaeus, yemwe adapanga m'zaka za zana la 18th dzina lodziwika bwino la mitundu (dzina limodzi la mtundu wina ndi linzake) tidaphunzira kusekondale ndipo tikugwiritsabe ntchito.
Kenako, m'zaka za zana la 19, Taxonomy, yomwe ndi sayansi yomwe imafotokoza za mtundu wa zamoyo, idalimbikitsidwa ndi zopereka za Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution.
Pomaliza, pambuyo poti kusokonezeka kwa ma genetics kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20, ndi majini omwe timagawana kapena kusiya kugawana omwe amayambitsa kusiyana pakati pa mitundu ya zamoyo, kuwonetsa kuti zinthu zosavuta komanso zovuta kwambiri zimagawika majini ofanana ndi makolo .
Gawo la Zinthu Zamoyo ku Museum of Natural History limapereka ulendo wosangalatsa kudzera munzasayansi zamoyo wapadziko lapansi.
Kodi chidwi ndichipinda chiti Kusinthira kumalo am'madzi?
Tikukhala padziko lapansi lamadzi, moyo udadzuka m'madzi ndipo ndichodabwitsa kuti mawonekedwe osinthika kwambiri padziko lapansi, munthu, sangakhale m'malo amadzi, osakhalitsa.
Nyanja ndi madzi ena zimaphimba pafupifupi 362 miliyoni km2, zomwe zikuyimira zoposa 70% zamapulaneti onse.
Kupatula kunyanja, pulaneti lathu lili ndi nyanja, nyanja ndi malo ena am'madzi momwe mumakhala zamoyo zambiri.
Pakadali pano, pa malita 100 aliwonse amadzi pa Dziko Lapansi, 97 ndi madzi amchere ndipo 3 ndi madzi abwino. Mwa madzi abwino atatu, awiri ndi oundana m'miyala yambiri, makamaka ku Antarctica, ndipo lita imodzi yokha ndi yolingana ndi mitsinje, nyanja ndi magwero ena omwe timadzipezera madzi ofunikira.
Moyo wamadzi umafunikira mawonekedwe apadera. Nsomba zimaphunzira kutenga mpweya wosungunuka m'madzi ndikukhala ndi thupi la hydrodynamic lomwe limalola kuti zizitha kuyenda m'malo amadzimadzi.
Miyendo yoluka ngati mbalame, monga abakha, atsekwe, ndi atsekwe, imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda pamwamba pamadzi. Nyama zam'madzi, monga nsomba ndi dolphin, zinapanga zipsepse zosambira.
Kulimbana ndi kutentha kwa dziko komanso kuteteza magwero amadzi sikuti ndikungoteteza zomwe munthu amafunikira kuti akhale ndi moyo, komanso kuteteza zachilengedwe zofunikira zodzaza ndi mitundu yosangalatsa yomwe timadyetsa.
Izi ndi zina mwa maphunziro omwe adasiyidwa mchipinda cha Kusinthira kumalo am'madzi a Natural History Museum aku Mexico City.
Zomwe zili mu chipinda cha chisinthiko cha zinthu zamoyo?
Nthawi ina m'mbuyomu, makolo athu adakakamizidwa kuyenda, chifukwa? Chimodzi mwazikhulupiriro za sayansi chimatsimikizira kuti ziphunzitso za bipedalism zidayamba kuwona pamapiri kufunafuna nyama.
Chipinda chino cha Museum of Natural History chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe omwe alola mitundu yazinyama ndi zomera kuti zizolowere ndikukhala bwino m'malo ena athupi.
Chifukwa cha zokwiriridwa zakale, asayansi amadziwa mitundu yamtundu wamtundu womwe unkakhalako kale, zomwe amadyetsa, omwe amawadyetsa, komanso ngati madera ena anali pansi pa nyanja zaka mamiliyoni zapitazo.
Gawo la Evolution of Living Things likuwonetsa kukula kwa moyo kupyola mibadwo ya geological, komanso kusintha kwakukulu, kuphatikizapo kutha kwa misala, komwe kwachitika kuti kukhale kusiyanasiyana kwa mapulaneti.
M'chipindachi muli choyimira chomwe chikuyimira nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, yomwe Bakuman 3, dinosaur yemwe ankakhala ku North America pafupifupi zaka 150 miliyoni zapitazo, pa Upper Jurassic.
Kodi kufunikira kwa danga la Kusinthika kwa Anthu, tione komwe tidachokera?
Chiwonetsero chokhazikika ku Museum of Natural History chimafotokoza makamaka za kusinthika kwa munthu.
Imayesa kuyankha mafunso monga kuti ndi liti pomwe mtundu wa anthu unayambira, ndi mitundu iti yomwe tinachokera, yomwe timagawana nawo mbiri, ndipo ubale wathu ndi zamoyo zazikulu kwambiri ndi abale athu apafupi kwambiri.
Chiwonetserocho chikuwonetsedwa mu nkhwangwa zisanu: Yo primate, Yo simio, Yo hominino, Yo Homo ndi Yo sapiens.
Timakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "nyani" ndi "nyani" ngati kuti ndi chinthu chimodzimodzi. Anyani ndi anyani akuluakulu omwe alibe mchira, monga chimpanzi, orangutan, gorilla, ndi munthu.
Ma Hominins ndi anyani okhala ndi maimidwe owongoka komanso opumira. Homo ndiye mtundu wamtundu womwe umatengedwa ngati munthu; ndiye kuti, ife ndi abale athu apamtima osinthika. Sapiens (Sage) ndi ife tokha, osakhala ndi chidwi china.
Mulimonsemo, ndife gawo la banja lalikulu ndipo gawo ili la Museum of Natural History limafotokoza kusinthika kwa anthu, kuyesera kuyankha mafunso omwe amafunsidwa kwambiri pamutuwu.
Kodi gawo la Biogeography, Movement and Evolution of Life limaphunzitsa chiyani?
Chifukwa chiyani kuli kotheka kupeza zotsalira zamitundu yofanana mu Europe komanso ku North America? Chifukwa nyama zimasamuka kwambiri ndipo mbadwa zambiri zadziko lakale zidapita ku North America kudzera ku Bering Strait.
Nchifukwa chiyani zotsalira zakale zopezeka ku Africa ndi South America? Chifukwa zaka masauzande zapitazo, madera onse awiriwa anali ogwirizana.
Biogeography ndi sayansi yophatikiza pakati pa Biology ndi Geography, yomwe imayang'anira kuphunzira magawidwe azinyama ndi zinyama mlengalenga komanso nthawi.
Nchifukwa chiyani zamoyo zimatha kukhala m'malo amodzi osati kwina? Kodi nchifukwa ninji zachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana zili zolemera m’madera otentha?
Gawo la Biogeography, mayendedwe ndi kusinthika kwa moyo wa Museum of Natural History limayankha mafunso awa, mothandizidwa ndi mitundu yambiri yazachilengedwe zomwe zikuwonetsedwa komanso oyimira ma dioramas oyimira zigawo zikuluzikulu za dziko lapansi.
Kodi El Cárcamo de Dolores ndi chiyani?
Cárcamo de Dolores ndi nyumba ya Natural History Museum, yofanana ndi iyi, m'chigawo chachiwiri cha nkhalango ya Chapultepec. Inamangidwa mu 1951 pokumbukira kumaliza kwa Lerma System, ntchito yofunikira yopezera madzi ku Mexico City.
Cárcamo de Dolores ili ndi zokopa zingapo za alendo, monga khoma la Diego Rivera Madzi, chiyambi cha moyo; Chipinda cha Lambdoma, kuzindikira bwino kwa Ariel Guzik komwe kumadzutsa kupezeka kwa madzi; ndi Fuente de Tláloc, yomwenso ndi ntchito ya Rivera.
Pazithunzi zaluso, a Rivera adadalira chiphunzitso cha wasayansi waku Russia a Aleksandr Oparin za chiyambi cha moyo.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20, Oparin adanenanso kuti moyo umayambira m'madzi, zinthu zachilengedwe zitasintha kukhala zamoyo, ndikuyamba kupanga maselo oyamba.
Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa mitundu ina yoyimira pakusintha kwamoyo, monga trilobite, yomwe inali nyama yoyamba yokhala ndi maso ovuta; ndi cooksonia, chomera chomwe amakhulupirira kuti ndichoyamba kukula panthaka.
Kodi ndi mitundu iti yochititsa chidwi kwambiri pamsonkhanowu yomwe ikuwonetsedwa?
Kupatula zojambula zakale za Bakuman 3, Kutalika kwa 25 mita, popita kuzipinda, alendo amasilira kuchuluka kwa zamoyo, kuyambira pazovuta kwambiri mpaka zovuta kwambiri.
Chifukwa cha komwe adachokera, mitundu yomwe idawonetsedwa imagawika m'magulu anayi: Geological, potengera zitsanzo za dothi, miyala ndi mchere; Paleontological, yopangidwa ndi zokwiriridwa zakale; ya Herbarium, yophatikizidwa ndi ndere, zomera ndi bowa; ndi ya Zoology, yomwe imaphatikizapo nyama zamtundu wambiri komanso zopanda mafupa.
Alendo alandilidwa mokoma mtima kumalo osungira alendo ndi chimbalangondo chodabwitsa chamamita atatu chimaimirira.
Argonaut ndi crystal jellyfish ndizidutswa ziwiri kuchokera m'zaka za zana la 19 zomwe zimachokera ku Poplar Museum yakale, komanso kuchokera kumunda wa mbiri yakale.
Zitsanzo zina zokhala ndi zolemba zosinthika komanso ma taxidermies ochititsa chidwi ndi platypus, imodzi mwazinyama zakale kwambiri zomwe zikadali ndi moyo; ngwala, membala wamkulu kwambiri m'banja la agwape; ndi Fulu wa Zamgululi, pakati pa zikuluzikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Palinso Teporingo kapena Bunny wa mapiri, mitundu yosawerengeka kwambiri komanso yopezeka m'dera lamapiri yomwe ili mozungulira Chigwa cha Mexico, ndipo ndi kalulu wocheperako mdzikolo.
Momwemonso, jaguar, mphalapala wamkulu kwambiri ku America, alipo; Kiwi, mbalame yomwe idatha kuuluka chifukwa munthu asanafike, idalibe zolusa pachilumba chake chaku New Zealand; ndi Njovu yaku Asia, imodzi mwamitundu iwiri yomwe njovu zilipo.
Timaliza kuyenda uku kudzera pamsonkhanowu womwe ukuwonetsedwa ku Museum of Natural History ndi American Beaver, mbewa zazikulu ku North America; Snow Leopard, nyama yosowa kwambiri yomwe mitundu yochepa kwambiri imatsalira; ndi nsagwada zazikulu za Carcharodon megalodon, nsombazi ndi zazikulu kuposa zonse zomwe zinakhalako.
Kodi phindu la Scientific Collection of Tizilombo ndi lotani?
Misonkhanowu pafupifupi 55,000 imapangidwa ndi agulugufe (40%), kafadala (40%) ndi magulu ena a tizilombo (20%).
Zoyeserera zoyambirira pamsonkhanowu zinali zopereka kuchokera kwa anthu, makamaka kuchokera ku sayansi, ndipo pambuyo pake zakulitsidwa ndikufufuza kwamasamu komweko, monga zolembera za agulugufe omwe amakhala ku Chapultepec Forest.
Zosonkhanitsazo zidapangidwa ngati banki yodziwitsa za sayansi, ndichifukwa chake imasungidwa m'malo osungira, kufunsidwa ndi akatswiri ndi ophunzira. Mnyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale zakale muli zitsanzo zazing'onozing'ono zamtunduwu.
Kodi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imakhala ndi ziwonetsero zakanthawi?
Nthawi zonse, Museum of Natural History imakhala ndi ziwonetsero zakanthawi kochepa kuti zidziwitse anthu ndiulendo wazosangalatsa pamitu ina yokhudza mbiri yakale
Zina mwa ziwonetsero zosakhalitsa zomwe zaperekedwa ndi "Ventus. Mphepo, kuyenda ndi moyo "," Mafupa. Chisinthiko chikuyenda "," Shark, mantas ndi cheza. Oyang'anira nyanja ", ndi" Zinyama Zosazolowereka ".
Zitsanzo zina zokongola komanso zopitilira muyeso zakhala "zowonera zakuthambo, malo olumikizana ndi Dziko Lapansi ndi chilengedwe chonse", "Likasa la Nowa", "Auroras, kuposa chiwonetsero chowala" ndi "Mwala, khungu, pepala ndi pixel ".
Kodi maora, mitengo ndi zina ndi ziti zosangalatsa?
Natural History Museum ili mu Dera la Correr es Salud m'chigawo chachiwiri cha nkhalango ya Chapultepec.
Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imatsegulidwa kwa anthu kuyambira Lachiwiri mpaka Lamlungu, kuyambira 10 AM mpaka 5 PM. Kuvomerezeka kwakukulu ndi ma 20 pesos, ndi mitengo yochepetsedwa ya 10 ya ophunzira ndi aphunzitsi omwe ali ndi zizindikiritso zomveka, okalamba komanso anthu omwe ali mgulu losauka.
Kuti mukafike ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale poyendera anthu kudzera pa siteshoni ya Metro ya Chapultepec, tengani njira 24 yamabasi ndi combis. Mwa metro ya Constituyentes, njira yoti mutenge ndi 47, yomwe imakusiyani patsogolo pa malo owonetsera zakale.
Kodi Museum of Natural History imachita zachilengedwe panja?
Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imakonza zochitika zachilengedwe ku Bosque de Chapultepec, cholinga chake ndikubweretsa anthu pafupi ndi chilengedwe ndikulimbikitsa machitidwe osasamalira chilengedwe pakati pa nzika.
Zina mwa izi ndi ntchito ya Monitoring Tree, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito potengera mitundu yambiri yazomera zomwe zimapezeka mu nkhalango ya Chapultepec. Pulogalamuyi ophunzira amatenga nawo gawo poyang'ana chilengedwe, ndikupanga ulendo wophunzitsa zachilengedwe.
Pulogalamu Yowunika Mitengo imalandira ophunzira kuyambira azaka 10 ndipo imachitika Lachiwiri ndi Lachitatu atasankhidwa kale komanso m'magulu a anthu osachepera 5. Zimalipira $ 6, kuphatikiza tikiti yolowera ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale.
Dongosolo lina lazachilengedwe ndi Kuwunika Mbalame Mothandizana. Ntchitoyi ndi yotsegulidwa kwa anthu azaka zopitilira 15 m'magulu a anthu pafupifupi 10 ndipo ndi yaulere. Zimachitika Lachisanu pakati pa 8 AM mpaka 10:30 AM, pamsewu wopita pafupifupi 4 km m'chigawo chachiwiri cha nkhalango ya Chapultepec.
Mukuganiza bwanji za omwe adatitsogolera ku Museum of Natural History yaku Mexico City? Lingaliro lanu ndilofunikira kwambiri kuti mugawane zomwe zili zosangalatsa ndi gulu lathu la owerenga. Tisiyireni ndemanga mwachidule ndi zomwe mwapeza pa bukhuli. Mpaka nthawi yotsatira.
Pezani malo ena owonetsera zakale kuti mukayendere paulendo wanu wotsatira!:
- Museum Of The Mummies Of Guanajuato: Malangizo Othandiza
- Soumaya Museum: Buku Lopangika
- Nyumba Zosungiramo Zinthu Zabwino Kwambiri ku Mexico City Kuti Muyende
