Kachisi ndi nyumba zachifumu za Querétaro, zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa kuti zilimbikitse mzimu wa iwo omwe anali patsogolo pantchito yolalikira mderali, amapereka mbiri yakukongola kwakale. Dziwani bwino!
Kuyenda mopanda cholinga kudera la Querétaro ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yoyandikirira mzinda wamakoloniwu. Pakati pa mabwalo ndi minda yomwe imakhala ndi nyumba zokongola zomwe zidalandiridwa ndi viceroyalty, njirayi imatitsogolera m'makona osadziwika ndi malo obisika, omwe amatiwonetsa Querétaro weniweni.
M'zaka zoyambirira za nthawi yamakoloni, Querétaro anali umodzi mwamizinda yopambana komanso yofunika kwambiri ku New Spain, popeza inali malire azomwe amatcha kuti dziko lotukuka: kwa atsamunda, kupitirira kumpoto kunali nkhanza zokha, komanso Adawona kuti ndikofunikira m'deralo kupeza akachisi ndi nyumba zachifumu komwe mzimu wa anthu wamba komanso wachipembedzo udalimbikitsidwa. Anthu aku Franciscans, a Karmelite, a Jesuit ndi aku Dominican sanadikire ndikufika ku Querétaro kuti ayambe kugonjetsa mzindawo, lotchedwa Inside Earth. Ambiri mwa akachisi ambiri ndi nyumba zachifumu zomwe zimakhala mumzindawu kuyambira nthawi imeneyo komanso zomwe mpaka lero zimatiuza za kukongola kwakale.
Querétaro nthawi zonse imakhala ngati malo abwino chifukwa cha mtunda womwe umalekanitsa ndi Mexico City. Munthawi ya nkhondo za Reform ndi French Intervention, zinali zochitika zankhondo zopitilira pakati pa omasuka ndi osasamala, akuvutika ndi zoyipa. Pa nthawiyo zipilala zazikulu zidatayika, komanso chuma chamtengo wapatali zaluso; akachisi ambiri adagumulidwa ndipo maziko awo adawonongedwa, pomwe maguwa ake obiriwira amitengo yolumikizidwa adaponyedwa pamoto. Kale munthawi ya Porfirian, akachisi ambiri adabwezeretsedwa, kuyesera kulemekeza kalembedwe ka nyengo yatsopano mkati; Momwemonso, mabwalo, minda, misika ndi nyumba zatsopano zidamangidwa kuti zitenge malo akachisi owonongedwa ndi nyumba zachifumu.
Ngakhale boma lidachitikanso pankhondo zazikulu panthawi ya Revolution, nyumba zake ndi zipilala zake sizinawonongeke kwambiri monga mzaka zapitazi, chifukwa chake, lero, titha kusangalalabe ndi kukongola kwawo.
Kuti mumvetse Querétaro muyenera kuchidziwa, ndipo kuti chinthu chabwino kwambiri ndikuyamba ku Plaza de Armas, poyambira ndi malo amisonkhano munjira zosiyanasiyana. Misewu yokhotakhota, yomwe imapezeka kwa oyenda pansi okha, ili ndi gawo lakale kwambiri komanso losangalatsa kwambiri mtawuniyi ndipo imapatsa malowa mawonekedwe apadera komanso osiyana. Misewu ndi ngodya zomwe zimapangitsa mbiri ya mzindawu kukhala wamoyo komanso kukhala ndi mayina olimbikitsa monga "Calle de Bimbo" chifukwa cha mafoloko ambiri omwe anali nawo, kapena "El Callejón del Ciego", abwezeretsedwa ndikusandulika malo odzaza ndi mtundu.
Kusiya msewu wa 5 de Mayo tinafika Zenea Garden, malo osangalatsa komanso obiriwira omwe amakhala ngati maziko a kachisi komanso nyumba zakale za San Francisco. Ntchito yomanga nyumbayi idayamba cha m'ma 1548, ngakhale nyumba yoyamba, yowoneka bwino komanso yosavuta, idagwetsedwa pakati pa zaka za zana la 17. Malo osungira alendo pano ndi ntchito ya wamanga Sebastián Bajas Delgado ndipo adachitika pakati pa 1660 ndi 1698. Kachisiyu adamalizidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 18. Chipinda cham'mbali cha kachisi chovekedwa ndi wotchi, pomwe pansi pake pamatha kuwonekera phulusa la pinki la Mtumwi Santiago, chithunzi chomwe chimatanthauza mawonekedwe a mtumwi komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa mzindawo. Kachisiyu, wokhala ndi nsanja zitatu zokhala ndi miyala komanso dome lokutidwa ndi matailosi a Talavera, adakhala ngati tchalitchi chachikulu kwazaka mazana awiri, pomwe mapangidwe ake a neoclassical adapangidwa, zomwe zimasiyana kwambiri ndi kusefukira kwamaluwa kwamatchalitchi ena.
Nyumba zazikuluzikulu zopangidwa ndi kachisiyo ndi nyumba yachifumu ya pakachisi komanso nyumba ya masisitere sizinapulumuke pa Kukonzanso, popeza m'masiku a kazembe wowolowa manja Benito Zenea idataya atrium yake ndi matchalitchi ake, omwe adasandulika Plaza de la Constitución ndi Garden wapano Zenea. Msonkhano wapamwamba kwambiri lero ndi likulu la Regional Museum of Querétaro, lomwe lili ndi malo odziwika bwino kwambiri mokomera anthu mdziko muno, komanso zipinda zingapo zowonetsera ku Mexico.
Kutsogolo kwa kachisi wa San Francisco, imodzi mwamitsempha yofunika kwambiri yamzindawu imabadwa, Madero Street, komwe kuli mipingo ndi nyumba zodziwika bwino za Querétaro. Pakona ndi Guerrero Street the kachisi komanso nyumba yakale ya Santa Clara. Royal Convent ya Santa Clara de Jesús idakhazikitsidwa cha m'ma 1606, pomwe wolowa m'malo mwa Juan de Mendoza adapereka chilolezo kwa Don Diego de Tapia kuti amange zipembedzo za Franciscan, kuti akhale ndi mwana wake wamkazi, sisitere. Ntchito yomangayi idayamba posakhalitsa ndipo idamalizidwa mu 1633. Munthawi ya Colony inali amodzi mwamisonkhano yayikulu kwambiri komanso yofunika kwambiri ku New Spain, koma lero ndi mpingo ndi cholumikizira chochepa chomwe chatsala, popeza gawo lalikulu la iwo lidawonongedwa pa nthawi ya nkhondo ya Reform. Nkhondo Yodziyimira Yokha itayamba, Doña Joseph Ortiz de Domínguez adakhala ngati ndende. Mkati mwa kachisiyo mutha kuwona zojambula zake zokongola zokongola, kwayala, kuchokera komwe masisitere amapita kumisonkhano, olekanitsidwa ndi gulu lonselo ndi mpanda, komanso zitseko zapamwamba zachitsulo za paguwa ndi holo.
Pakona pa Melchor Ocampo ndi Madero pali kachisi komanso nyumba yakale ya San Felipe Neri. Ntchito yomanga nyumba ya San Felipe idayamba mu 1786 ndipo idamalizidwa mu 1805. Chaka chomwecho idalandira madalitso a Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, yemwe amatsogolera misa yoyamba. Mu 1921 adalengeza tchalitchi chachikulu ndi Papa Benedict XV. Kachisiyu wamangidwa ndi miyala ya tezontle ndipo maguwa ake amapangidwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali. Chojambula ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha kusintha pakati pa Baroque ndi Neoclassical. Zojambula zake zimawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwamagawo omaliza amzindawu ndipo momwemo mungasangalale ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zokongoletsera, monga mitu yayikulu yazipilala ndi medallions. Kumbali yake, nave ya kachisiyo ndiyabwino komanso yosasunthika, kutanthauza kuti, yopanda tanthauzo. Nyumba zakale zamakedzana pano zimakhala ndi Unduna wa Zachitukuko M'mizinda ndi Ntchito Zagulu, wodziwika ndi dzina loti "Palacio de Conín", pokumbukira amene adayambitsa mzindawu.
Ma bwalo awiri kuchokera ku tchalitchi chachikulu, pakona ya Ezequiel Montes ndi General Arteaga, kachisiyo ali ndipo ndi nyumba yabanja ya Santa Rosa de Viterbo. Kachisi akuwonetsa kukongola kopitilira muyeso komwe Baroque ku Querétaro, komwe kumawonetsedwa kunja ndi mkatimo. Pa façade titha kuwona magawo awiri amapasa azachikhalidwe, ndi mahatchi oyenda zouluka, omwe amangokhala ndi zokongoletsa. Mkati, guwa lokongoletsedwa ndi minyanga ya njovu, mayi wa ngale, kamba ndi siliva, limba ndi nave yosemedwa bwino nkhuni zikuwonekera. Mu sacristy pali chimodzi mwazithunzi zodziwika bwino kwambiri ku New Spain chojambula, cha Mlongo Ana María de San Francisco y Neve, chodziwika ndi mbuye José Páez.
Msonkhanowo unayamba mu 1670, pamene banja lachikatolika linamanga timagulu tating'onoting'ono m'munda wawo kuti ana awo aakazi atatu ayambe kuchita zauzimu. Pambuyo pake, a Don Juan Caballero y Ocio adalamula kuti amange ma cell ambiri ndi chapel. Masisitere adapereka miyoyo yawo ku maphunziro ndipo mu 1727 adatchedwa Royal College ya Santa Rosa de Viterbo. Mu 1867 nyumba ya amonkeyo idatsekedwa ndipo idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chipatala mpaka 1963. Lero labwerera kukhala malo ophunzitsira ndipo anyamata abwerera kudzaza mayendedwe ake ndi makalasi.
Pakona pa Allende ndi Pino Suárez muli kachisi komanso nyumba yachifumu yakale ya San Agustín. Ntchito yomanga kachisiyu idapangidwa ndi a Don Ignacio Mariano de las Casas ndipo idayamba mu 1731. Pazithunzi zolimba za miyala, chithunzi cha Khristu wopachikidwa wozunguliridwa ndi mipesa ndipo zipilala zomwe zili pazithunzizo zikuwonekera, zomwe ndizithunzi za Saint Joseph, Virgen de los Dolores, Santa Mónica, Santa Rita, San Francisco ndi San Agustín. Chipilala chake ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zokongola kwambiri ku Baroque waku Mexico, ndipo mmenemo mutha kusilira angelo akulu-akulu; nsanja ya pakachisi sinathe.
Msonkhanowu udakhala ndi a friars kuyambira 1743, ngakhale ntchitoyi idapitilira theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 18. Malo osungira nyumbayi ndi imodzi mwazinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri mu dongosolo la Augustinian ku America ndipo ndi imodzi mwa zitsanzo zochititsa chidwi kwambiri za Baroque padziko lapansi. Kutchuka kwake kumachitika chifukwa cha zokongoletsa zokongola za zipilala ndi zipilala zomwe zimayang'ana kubwalo lamkati. Zithunzi zamiyala zachilendo zimatuluka mzati, zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikuyang'ana alendo. Zithunzizo pansi zimakhala ndi nkhope zowopsa zomwe, ngakhale zili zonse, zimatha kutikopa ndi kutisangalatsa, pomwe zithunzi zapamwamba ndizofanana komanso mawonekedwe awo amakhala osatekeseka. Pamiyalayo pali zinthu zingapo zolumikizana zomwe zimapanga tcheni chomwe chimasunga zolengedwa izi kuti zizimangidwa.
Nyumba zakale za San Agustín zakhala ndi Museum of Art ya Querétaro kuyambira 1988. Ili ndi chopereka chosatha chomwe chimaphatikizapo ntchito zaku Europe ndi Mexico kuyambira m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chinayi, komanso chophatikiza chapadera cha utoto wa New Spanish, wachipembedzo kwenikweni.
Kutali pang'ono kuchokera pakatikati pa mzindawu kuli nyumba yoyamba yamatchalitchi yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ku Querétaro, kachisi ndi malo osungira alendo a Santa Cruz de los Milagros. Kuti mulankhule za gululi, muyenera kudzipereka mu mbiri yakukhazikitsidwa kwa Querétaro. Nthano imanena kuti mu 1531, Fernando de Tapia, yemwe dzina lake Otomí anali Conín, adatsogolera gulu lake lankhondo kukamenya gulu lankhondo la Chichimeca paphiri la Sangremal. Pakati pa nkhondo yankhanza, mmodzi ndi mzake adawona kuwala kowala komwe kudawakopa chidwi: pakati pake ndikuyimitsa mlengalenga mtanda wowonekera woyera ndi wofiira, ndipo pambali pake mtumwi Santiago adakwera hatchi yoyera. . Ndi mawonekedwe ozizwitsa nkhondoyi inatha ndipo Fernando de Tapia adalanda deralo. A Chichimecas adapereka ndikupempha kuti mtanda uyikidwe paphiri la Sangremal ngati chizindikiro cha chozizwitsa chomwe chidachitika kumeneko. M'chaka chomwecho tchalitchi chaching'ono cha Holy Cross chidamangidwa ndipo pakati pa zaka za zana la 17th tchalitchi ndi nyumba ya masisitere idamangidwa.
Kachisiyu wakonzedweratu ndipo zokopa zake zazikulu zimakhala mkatimo, momwe pamakhala chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi mwala wa Holy Cross chomwe chidawoneka kumwamba pa Julayi 25, 1531. Muthanso kuwona zomata zokongola zapinki zokongola zomwe Amachokera ku Baroque mpaka kalembedwe ka Neoclassical.
Malo osungira alendo ku Santa Cruz ndi amodzi mwa nyumba za Queretaro zomwe zawona mbiri yakale ikudutsa m'makonde ake. Kuyambira 1683 linali likulu la College of Missionaries of Propaganda Fide, imodzi mwa makoleji ofunikira alaliki ku America. Mmodzi mwa omwe adamaliza maphunziro awo kukolejiyi anali Fray Junípero Serra, yemwe, pokhala purezidenti wa mishoni, adadzipereka kuti aphunzire momwe moyo wa pamam ukathere kuti athetse mavuto omwe akukhalamo.
Gulu lodziyimira pawokha litayamba, nyumba ya masisitereyo inali ndende ya meya wa Querétaro, Don Miguel Domínguez, ndipo zaka zingapo pambuyo pake adatengedwa ndi Iturbide kuti athe kulamulira Querétaro kuchokera kuphiri. Nthawi inapita ndipo a French anafika.
Maximilian waku Habsburg adagwiritsa ntchito nyumbayo ngati likulu lake ndipo pambuyo pake inali ndende yake yoyamba.
Lero mutha kuyendera madera ena amonkewo: khitchini yakale ndi njira yozizira yozizira yozizira, chipinda chodyera - chomwe chimatchedwa kuti refectory--, komanso chipinda chomwe Maximiliano amakhala; Zithunzi zina za m'zaka za zana la chisanu ndi chiwiri ndi chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu zimasungidwanso, ndi munda wapakatikati, momwe mumakhala mtengo wotchuka womwe minga yake imapangidwa ngati mtanda wachilatini.
Mwachidule, Querétaro ndi mzinda wosangalatsa momwe zojambula, nthano ndi miyambo zimasakanikirana kulikonse. Kachisi wakeyu amakhala ndi nthawi yochuluka ndikusunga zinsinsi za anthu otchuka omwe adapanga mbiri yaku Mexico.
