Ng'ona zakhala ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri pakusintha kwachilengedwe ku America, makamaka ku New Spain wakale, olowa miyambo, nthano ndi nthano za ku Old World. Onsewa amatsata mawonekedwe omwe awaloleza kuti akhale ndi moyo kwazaka mamiliyoni ambiri: ntchentche yopangidwa ndi mano akuthwa omwe amasinthidwa kuti azidya nyama - nsomba, mbalame ndi nyama, ngakhale chakudya chachikulu cha achinyamata ndi tizilombo ndi zina invertebrates-, thupi lotetezedwa ndi khungu lokhala ndi zida koma losinthasintha, ndi mchira wamphamvu woyendetsera kuyenda kwake.
Ng'ona zakhala ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri pakusintha kwachilengedwe ku America, makamaka ku New Spain wakale, olowa miyambo, nthano ndi nthano za ku Old World. Onsewa amatsata mawonekedwe omwe awaloleza kuti akhale ndi moyo kwazaka mamiliyoni ambiri: ntchentche yokhala ndi mano akuthwa omwe amasinthidwa kuti azidya nyama - nsomba, mbalame ndi nyama zoyamwitsa, ngakhale chakudya chachikulu cha achinyamata ndi tizilombo ndi zina invertebrates-, thupi lotetezedwa ndi khungu lokhala ndi zida koma losinthasintha, ndi mchira wamphamvu woyendetsera kuyenda kwake.
Ogonjetsa a ku Spain atafika ku America ndikupanga madera a Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Honduras, Costa Rica ndi kumadzulo kwa United States otchedwa New Spain, adazindikira m'maiko amenewa chithunzi cha zimbalangondo zawo zongopeka mu chithunzi cha ng'ona zomwe zadzaza kulikonse, ndipo zomwe adasankha kuzitcha abuluzi owopsa.
Ponena za ng'ona ndi anyani agalu, onse awiri ali ndi mano akulu pafupi ndi kutsogolo kwa nsagwada. M'mbuyomu, mano awiriwa amalumikizana ndi chibwano chapamwamba ndipo amawoneka pakamwa patatsekedwa, pomwe kumapeto amalowa m'mitsinje yam'mphepete mwa nsagwada yakumtunda, motero mkamwa utatsekedwa amabisika. Kumbali yake, mphuno ya nkhono ndi yayitali kwambiri komanso yopyapyala.
Ng'ona zimakhala m'malo onse otentha padziko lapansi. Kupatula Chinese Chinese caiman-Alligator sinensis-, mitundu isanu ndi iwiri yotsala ya alligator imapezeka ku America kokha ndipo makamaka ku South America. Ma gull ali ndi nthumwi, wamkulu wa India-Cavialis gangeticus-, womwe umayang'ana kumwera kwa Asia, kuchokera ku Indo mpaka mitsinje ya Irawadi, koma kulibe kumwera konse kwa India.
Zokwawa izi zimatchedwa magazi ozizira, chifukwa sizingatenthe kutentha kwa matupi awo mosiyanasiyana, monga momwe nyama ndi mbalame zimachitira. Chifukwa chake, amafunika kugona padzuwa kuti awotha kapena kupita pansi pamadzi kapena mumthunzi wamtengo kuti azizire. Mphamvu zawo zowonera, kununkhiza, kugwira ndi kumva zimapangidwa bwino.
NKHANI ZA NEW SPAIN
Monga omwe agonjetso adachita, ndikotheka kusinkhasinkha mitundu inayi ya ng'ona mkati mwa New Spain, pomwe kudera la Mexico kuli atatu okha: ng'ona ya Crocodylus acutus-, dambo-Crocodylus Moreletii-, the caiman-Caiman crocodilus-. Mwamwayi, kuyambira kutsekedwa kwa zaka zopitilira makumi atatu zapitazo ndipo chifukwa cha kuyesayesa kwa ofufuza, oteteza zachilengedwe ndi amalonda, kuchuluka kwa anthu awo kwasintha kwambiri, ngakhale kuti anali pafupi kutha.
NYANJA YA MTSITSI
Ndi yayikulu kwambiri, chifukwa imakhala pakati pa mita zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri kutalika. Mphuno yake ndi yakuthwa modabwitsa komanso yayitali, ndipo ili ndi chotupa chochenjera pamaso pake. Mtundu wake wonse ndi wotuwa, wotuwa wobiriwira kapena wachikaso.
Amakhala m'madoko am'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mitsinje, ngakhale amathanso kukhala m'madzi m'mabwalo a gofu ndi m'matawuni. Nthawi zina amamuwona akuyenda panyanja kapena akupita kunyanja. Ndi ng'ona yokha yaku America yomwe imagawidwa kwambiri, popeza imapezeka kuchokera kumwera kwa Florida, gombe la Pacific mpaka chilumba cha Yucatan ku Mexico, Central America, zilumba za Caribbean ndi gawo lakumpoto la South America.
Zazikazi zamtunduwu zimaikira mazira 60 m'mabowo okumbidwa mumchenga kapena matope osakanikirana ndi zinyalala. Akuluakulu, makamaka azimayi, amakhala ndi machitidwe osamalira amayi, monga kuteteza ndi kuwunika chisa, komanso kunyamula ana mumkoko kupita kumadzi.
Nyengo ya zisa imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi dera lanu, pakati pa Januware ndi February, kapena mpaka Marichi ndi Meyi. Kumbali ina, akuganiza kuti nyama zawo zakutchire zimakhala pakati pa mitundu ya zikwi khumi mpaka makumi awiri; komabe, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso chomwe chatulutsidwa mpaka pano, ziwerengerozi zikuwoneka kuti sizinenedwe. Mosasamala kanthu za izi, kutayika kwa malo okhala achilengedwe chifukwa chakukula kwamatauni m'mbali mwa gombe ndi limodzi mwamavuto akulu kupulumuka.
CHIKWANGWANI CHOSAMBA
Ndi wocheperako pang'ono kuposa mtsinjewo, chifukwa umakhala pafupifupi mita zitatu m'litali ndipo ndi bulauni wokhala ndi mawanga achikasu. Mphunoyi ndi yayifupi komanso yotakata kuposa yamtsinje, kuwonjezera pokhala ndi maso akulu, otupa agolide. Khungu ndi locheperako, ndichifukwa chake lakhala likufunidwa kwambiri pamalonda.
Ili ndi magawo ochepa ndipo amapezeka pakati pa zigawo za Mexico za Tamaulipas, kudzera ku San Luis Potosí, Veracruz, Tabasco, Campeche, chilumba cha Yucatan komanso kumpoto kwa Chiapas, komanso ku Belize ndi dera la Petén ku Guatemala. Mtundu uwu umakonda kukhala m'madzi am'mitsinje, m'madzi ndi m'madambo okhala ndi zomera zazikulu kapena m'nkhalango.
Kumbali inayi, ng’ona yothamanga, monga mphalapala, sikumba chisa chake, koma imasonkhanitsa zinyalala mpaka ipange chitunda. Mkazi amaikira mazira pakati pa 20 mpaka 49 munthawi yobereka yomwe imayamba ndikumanga chisa kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yamvula - kuyambira Epulo mpaka Julayi - ndipo imatha ndikubereka ana kuyambira Seputembala mpaka Okutobala. Komanso monga agulugufe, onse aakazi ndi aamuna ndiwo amasamalira chisa ndi ana. Kuphatikiza apo, chinthu chodziwika bwino pamtunduwu ndikuti akuchira modabwitsa, popeza malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa ku Mexico pali anthu pafupifupi 120 zikwizikwi okhwima ogonana. Momwemonso, kubereka kwake mu ukapolo ndichopambana m'minda iwiri yapaderayi mdzikolo.
WOLEMBEDWA
Ku Oaxaca ndi Chiapas, Central America yonse ndi gawo lalikulu la South America, caiman ili, yaying'ono kwambiri mwa mitundu inayi ya ng'ona zomwe zimakhala ku New Spain wakale. Amuna amatha kutalika kwa mita ziwiri ndipo akazi 1.20 m. Mtundu wake ndi wachikaso kapena wakuda wokhala ndi mawanga akuda ambiri ndipo umakhala ndi mphuno yayifupi komanso yotakata kuposanso ya ng'ona zina, komanso mtundu wamanyanga pamaso pake, womwe umatchedwanso calman wa zowonera.
Mitunduyi nthawi zambiri imabisala m'mapanga ndi m'mapanga pansi pa mizu ya mitengo. Amakhala m'madzi, mitsinje, mitsinje ndi madambo, komanso m'malo amchere. Nyengo yodzala imakhala pakati pa miyezi ya Epulo mpaka Ogasiti kapena mpaka Seputembara, pomwe yaikazi imatha kuyika mazira pakati pa 20 mpaka 30 pachisa.
Ku Mexico, ulimi wa caiman wapambana. Komabe, chifukwa chokhala ndi malo okhala ochepa, akuwopsezedwabe ndi kuwononga nyama zakuthambo ndi kuwononga malo awo achilengedwe.
Mlandu WOPATUKANA, A MISSISSIPPI CAYMAN
Idatetezedwa bwino ndi malamulo aku US, ndichifukwa chake anthu ake akuthengo pano amalembetsa mitundu miliyoni. Amaphunziridwa kwambiri, onse mu ukapolo komanso kuthengo. Chifukwa chake, amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu womwe uli ndi chiopsezo chotsika.
Malo ake amakhala ndi madambo, madambo, mitsinje, nyanja ndi madzi ang'onoang'ono kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa America. Ngakhale imakhala m'malo omwe mumakhala madzi abwino, imatha kukhala m'malo amchere monga mangroves. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizofala kuti iziyesa kulanda madera akumizinda monga gofu komanso malo okhala.
Mbalameyi ili ndi mphuno yowoneka bwino ngati parabola, yotambalala kamodzi ndi theka. Maso ndi achikasu ndipo mwana wowala amawoneka ngati wotseguka. Zitsanzo zazitali zimafikira kutalika kwa mamita anayi kapena asanu. Pa nthawi yobereka, mkazi amaikira mazira 20 mpaka 50 m chisa chopangidwa ndi sludge ndi zinyalala.
KUDZIWA NDI KULEMEKEZA
Pomaliza, ofufuza osiyanasiyana afika pozindikira kuti kuchepa kwa nyama zokwawa, kuphatikizapo ng'ona, ndi chifukwa cha zinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi zofunika: kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala ndi kuwonongeka, kuyambitsa mitundu yachilendo yomwe imalanda zachilengedwe, kuipitsa , matenda, kugwiritsa ntchito mosasamala chuma ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Kwa awa asanu ndi limodzi, awonjezeranso chimodzi: umbuli, womwe umatipangitsa kupanga zisankho zoyipa pankhani yogwiritsa ntchito chuma, kapena kuweruza mtunduwo mwa mawonekedwe awo "abwino" kapena "oyipa".
Gwero: Mexico Yosadziwika No. 325 / Marichi 2004
