M'madera otsika, okwera, owuma komanso achinyontho ku Mexico kuli magulu azinyama monga chiswe, nyerere kapena mavu omwe amakhala mobisa, panthambi kapena mumtengo. ndi mitundu yomwe imasinthidwa kukhala malo apadera.
Ndi dziko lokhala ndimagulu onse, pomwe chilengedwe chimakhazikitsa mikhalidwe yovuta, mpikisano ndiwowopsa, mamiliyoni a nyama ndi zomera zimakhalira limodzi, ndipo ubale wovuta ndi njira zopulumukira zimakhazikika mpaka zititsogolere ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya moyo. M'madera otsika, okwera, owuma komanso achinyontho ku Mexico kuli magulu azinyama monga chiswe, nyerere kapena mavu omwe amakhala mobisa, panthambi kapena pa mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo; ndi mitundu yomwe imasinthidwa kukhala malo apadera. Ndi dziko lokhala paliponse paliponse, pomwe chilengedwe chimakhazikitsa mikhalidwe yovuta, mpikisano ndiwowopsa, mamiliyoni a nyama ndi zomera zimakhalira limodzi, ndipo ubale wovuta ndi njira zopulumukira zimakhazikika mpaka kutsogolera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya moyo.
M'nkhalango zam'malo otentha zomwe lerolino zimangopezeka zosakwana 5% ya dziko lapansi, pafupifupi theka la mitundu yofotokozedwayo amakhala; Kutentha komanso chinyezi chambiri kumapangitsa kuti pakhale chilichonse chomwe chingakhalepo. Apa, chilichonse chimathandizira zochitika m'moyo ndipo mumakhala mitundu yambiri yazamoyo padziko lapansi.
KUKONZEKETSA MAFUTO
Ku Mexico, magulu azithunzithunzi amakula bwino kwambiri pomwe owerengera kwambiri magawidwe azomwe amachita, amagawika m'magulu atatu: obereketsa, ogwira ntchito ndi asitikali, iliyonse yomwe imadzipereka kupititsa patsogolo mitunduyi, kuteteza ndikusaka chakudya. Makhalidwe a anthuwa komanso machitidwe ambiri achilengedwe aphunziridwa mu ndege yosinthika, monga momwe mtundu umodzi umapindulira, onse amapeza phindu kapena amadalirana. Chifukwa chake, mgwirizano kapena maubwenzi abwino komanso olakwika amakonda kubwezera m'kupita kwanthawi ndipo ndizofunikira pakusintha kwa zamoyo ndi kukhazikika kwachilengedwe. Apa ubale wofala umayamba ndipo m'malo opitilira theka amdziko lapansi kukhalako kawirikawiri sikungakondwere; monga chitsanzo pali chomera chophimbidwa ndi minga ndipo chimatetezedwa ndi nyerere masauzande.
Fuko lathu ndi lokongola ndipo lili ndi mitundu ingapo ya mthethe yomwe imakhala ndi ubale wovuta ndi nyerere. Acacia, ergot kapena ng'ombe yamphongo (Acacia cornigera) imamera m'nkhalango, shrub yoyerekeza kutalika kwa mita zisanu ndikuphimbidwa ndi mitsempha yayitali, pomwe nyerere zofiira za 1 mpaka 1.5 cm zimakhala, zomwe zimawoneka ngati zodyera ndi anthu okhala zigawo zosiyanasiyana . Munthawi yolumikizana pakati pa chomeracho ndi nyerere (Pseudomyrmex ferrugunea), mitsempha yonse ili ndi njuchi yomwe imalowera kumene kuli nsonga komanso mkatikati mwa mphutsi pafupifupi 30 ndi antchito 15. Chomera chaminga ichi chochokera ku Mexico ndi Central America chimapereka chakudya ndi pogona, ndipo nyerere zimapereka zida zothandiza zotetezera.
NGATI NDI KOLONI
Osati ma acacias onse (Acacia spp.), Ndi mitundu iti yomwe ili pafupifupi mitundu 700 kumadera otentha, imadalira tizilomboto, komanso mitundu yoposa 180 ya nyerere (Pseudomyrmex spp.) Padziko lapansi zimadalira iwo. Ndi nyerere zochepa chabe zomwe zawonetsa kuthekera kosuntha zomwe zidapanga malo. Mitundu ina yomwe imakhala ndi mitengoyi silingakhale kwina kulikonse: A. cornigera, yokhala ndi tsinde loyera komanso loyera mpaka bulauni, imadalira nyerere P. ferrugunea, yomwe imawuteteza, chifukwa kwazaka zambiri asintha mwanjira yofanizira ndipo tsopano nyererezi zidalandira cholowa phukusi la "oteteza". Momwemonso, magulu onse amakhala m'magulu azakudya malinga ndi yemwe amadya.
Acacia imatulutsa masamba chaka chonse, ngakhale nthawi yadzuwa, pomwe mbewu zina zidataya masamba ambiri. Chifukwa chake nyerere zimakhala ndi chakudya chokwanira motero zimayendera nthambi, kuti ziwombere tizilombo tina tonse tomwe tifika kudera lawo, ndipo ndimenenso zimadyetsa ana awo. Amalumanso zomwe zimakhudzana ndi "chomera chawo", zimawononga mbewu ndi udzu mozungulira kuti aliyense asapikisane ndi madzi ndi michere, motero mthethe umakhala m'malo opanda zomera ndipo olowawo amangopeza tsinde. chachikulu, pomwe oteteza kumbuyo kwawo mwachangu amabwezeretsa kuwukira kwakumbuyo. Ndi njira yodzitchinjiriza.
M'malemba opangidwa pamitengo ya acacia (Acacia collinsii) yamamita asanu omwe amakula m'malo odyetserako ziweto ndi malo osokonekera ku Central America, njuchiyo ili ndi antchito pafupifupi 15,000. Kumeneko katswiri, Dr. Janzen, adaphunzira mwatsatanetsatane za kusinthaku kuphatikiza kuyambira 1966 ndipo akuwonetsa kuthekera kwakuti kusankha majini ndi gawo la maubale opindulitsa. Wofufuzayo adawonetsa kuti ngati nyerere zitachotsedwa, tchire lofulumira limagwidwa ndikuthira tizilombo kapena limakhudzidwa ndi mbewu zina, limakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo limatha kuphedwa; Kuphatikiza apo, mthunzi wa zomera zomwe zingapikisane ukhoza kuzichotsa pasanathe chaka. Malingana ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo, mitundu ya spiny imeneyi mwachiwonekere inataya - kapena sinakhale nayo - mankhwala oteteza ku zitsamba zathu m'nkhalango zathu.
Minofu yotupa ndi yayitali ikafika pokhwima, imatha kutalika pakati pa masentimita asanu mpaka khumi, ndipo kuyambira mwachikondi imasindikizidwa pamalo pomwe padzakhala malo okha olowera mkati; nyerere zimaboola ndi kuloŵa m'nyumba yomwe idzakhala nyumba yawo kwamuyaya; amakhala mkati, amasamalira mphutsi ndipo nthawi zambiri amapita kukayendayenda mumtengo wawo. Pobwezera amapeza gwero loyambirira la mapuloteni ndi mafuta kuchokera m'mapepala omwe adasinthidwa, otchedwa Belt kapena matupi aku Beltian, omwe ali ngati "zipatso" za mamilimita atatu mpaka asanu amtundu wofiyira, womwe uli kumapeto kwa masamba; Zimadaliranso ndi katulutsidwe kokoma kamatulutsidwa ndimatenda akuluakulu am'madzi omwe amakhala kumapeto kwa nthambi.
KUKANIDWA KWAMBIRI
Palibe amene angakhudze chomerachi, koma mbalame zina zokha monga makalendala ndi osaka ntchentche ndi omwe amamanga zisa zawo ndikukhazikitsira mazira awo; nyerere pang'onopang'ono zimalekerera anyantchoche amenewa. Koma kukana kwake nyama zina zonse sikutha. Tsiku lina m'mawa masika ndidawona masowa kumpoto kwa chigawo cha Veracruz, pomwe mavu akuluakulu akuda adabwera kudzatenga timadzi tokoma tomwe timasunga kumunsi kwa nthambi, natilowetsa, koma m'masekondi ochepa ankhondo ofiira ankhanza adatulukira kudzateteza chakudya chake; mavu, ochulukirapo kangapo, adawakantha ndikuwuluka osavulaza. Izi zitha kubwerezedwa kangapo patsiku ndipo zimachitikanso chimodzimodzi ndi tizilombo tina, tomwe timakonda kupezeka m'mitundu yofananira pafupifupi ku Mexico konse.
M'chilengedwe, zomera ndi nyama zimapanga ubale wopulumuka womwe wapangitsa kuti pakhale mitundu yamoyo yambiri. Mitundu yasintha motere m'malo osiyanasiyana a geological. Masiku ano, nthawi ikutha kwa aliyense, chamoyo chilichonse chomwe chakhala ndi chizolowezi chake chikuwonongeka kwambiri komanso chosatha: kutha kwachilengedwe. Tsiku lililonse timasunga chidziwitso chabwinobwino cha majini chomwe chimakhala chofunikira kwa ife, pamene tikuyesera kusintha kusintha kwachilengedwe kuti tipewe kutha.
Gwero: Mexico Yosadziwika No. 337 / Marichi 2005
