Oimba asanakhaleko ku Puerto Rico anali ndi zida zochititsa chidwi, kuphatikizapo ng'oma, yomwe idatsagana ndi magule a makolo athu. Lero, ndipo chifukwa cha kulemekeza miyambo isanachitike ku Spain, tikumvabe huéhuetl ndi teponaztli pakati pabwalo, m'maphwando achipembedzo, m'makonsati, muma rekodi komanso m'makanema.
Chikhalidwe cha makolo athu chimakhala ndi miyambo yambiri, yochepetsedwa ndi zotsalira zamiyala zomwe zimasuliridwa m'nyumba zachifumu zolemekezeka zomwe zilipobe masiku ano m'mapiramidi ndi malo ofukulidwa m'mabwinja, owunikiridwa ndi ma frets ndi zojambulajambula zomwe zimawonedwanso m'makoma ndi ma codices owoneka bwino aku Mexico. Cholowa sichitha pano, chimatsatiridwa ndi zonunkhira ndi fungo lokhala ndi mawonekedwe ena ake.
Ndi nthawi zochepa chabe, komabe, ndi komwe kumveka kwa mawu ku Mexico wakale kumakumbukiridwa, pomwe maumboni olembedwa amatsimikizira kuti nyimbo zinali zofunika makamaka m'nthawi ya Spain isanachitike. Ma codex angapo akuwonetsa momwe zikhalidwe zakale zimakhulupirira zida zoimbira, osati monga njira imodzi yoitanira kapena kupembedza milunguyo, komanso kuti idatumikira anthu kuti athe kulumikizana ndi akufa awo. Chifukwa chake, asanafike aku Spain kuti alande malowa, anthu am'derali anali ndi zida zoimbira, pakati pawo ndi ng'oma, yomwe ndi rimbombar ya mawu ake abwino komanso kutsindika magule ochititsa chidwi a makolo athu.
Koma ng'oma sizinali zida zokha, koma zinali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yaziphuphu ndi zotsatira zina zamalingaliro azamisili kuti ziberekenso mamvekedwe achilengedwe, kupanga, chifukwa chake, kuphatikiza malankhulidwe oyambira a bass ndi treble, mkulu ndi ma polyphony ovuta mpaka lero, akuti, ndizovuta kulembetsa, popeza oyimba asanachitike ku Puerto Rico analibe njira yolumikizirana, koma adayankha pakukhudzidwa ndikufunika kuyambiranso, kudzera maphwando, miyambo ndi miyambo, matsenga za nthawi imeneyo. Kumvekaku kunapanga maziko a nyimbo zosaka, nkhondo, miyambo ndi miyambo, komanso nyimbo zolaula komanso zotchuka zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokondwerera monga kubadwa, maubatizo ndi imfa.
Zida zina zimaphatikizapo mayina monga ayacaxtli ndi chicahuaztli, omwe amapangira kunong'oneza kosavuta, pomwe aztecolli, ndi tecciztli anali malipenga omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zizindikiro zankhondo. Mwa zida zoimbira zomwe timapeza ayotl, yopangidwa ndi zipolopolo za kamba, komanso huéhuetl ndi teponaztli, tithana nawo omaliza kuti tipeze zina mwazomwe zimayambira.
Mwamwayi ma huéhuetl ndi teponaztli adapulumuka pomwe Spain idagonjetsedwa; zitsanzo zina pano zikuwonetsedwa mu National Museum of Anthropology. Masiku ano, chifukwa cha chidwi cha nyimbo zoyimbira zisanachitike ku Puerto Rico ndi ovina komanso oyimba, komanso kuyesa kusaka kwamasiku ano komwe kumakhala ndi mikhalidwe yamakolo awo, zida zam'mbuyomu zimapanganso.
Chifukwa chake, timamvanso huéhuetl ndi teponaztli mkatikati mwa mabwalowa ndi ovina owazungulira, m'maphwando achipembedzo, pamakonsati, pama rekodi ndi matepi amakanema. Zambiri mwa zida izi ndizolengedwa zake kapena zokhulupirika zenizeni zoyambirira; zomwe, komabe, sizikanatheka popanda luso la wojambula wotchuka, monga Don Máximo Ibarra, wotchera mitengo wotchuka ku San Juan Tehuiztlán, ku Amecameca, State of Mexico.
Kuyambira ali mwana, Don Máximo adadziwika kuti ndi mmisiri waluso komanso wofatsa yemwe modzipereka komanso mwachikondi adadzipereka pantchito iyi yomwe yazindikira mizu yamakolo athu, akugwira ntchito yamatabwa ndikuphunzitsa ana ake ndi ena ojambula omwe aphunzira ntchitoyi. kupereka lonjezo lomwe lati zojambulajambula sizidzatha. Kuchokera modzichepetsa, ndi nzeru m'manja mwake, Don Máximo akubwezeretsanso chuma kuchokera kudziko lakutali, komwe chenicheni chimakumana ndi zosatheka, kuchotsa pamtengo wosavuta osati mawonekedwe okha koma mawu amphamvu komanso olimba a dziko lomwe limadziwonetsera lokongola mwa iwo.
Wopezeka ndi woyimba komanso wokhometsa zida Víctor Fosado komanso wolemba Carlos Monsiváis, Don Max, kuchokera pamiyala yopanga miyala mpaka kwa amisiri a mafano ndi mafano, ndipo atalemba matabwa, wopanga imfa, masks, ziwanda ndi anamwali, adakhala katswiri wamaluso akale komanso m'modzi mwa amisiri ochepa omwe pano amapanga huéhuetl ndi teponaztli. Omwe adamupeza adamuwonetsa koyamba huéhuetl ndi kusema ma jaguar ndi teponaztli ndi mutu wa galu. "Ndinawakonda kwambiri," akukumbukira motero Mr. Ibarra. Adandiuza: ndiwe mbadwa ya anthu onsewa ”. Kuyambira pamenepo, ndipo kwa zaka pafupifupi 40, Don Max sanasiye ntchito yake.
Ziwiya zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito ndizosiyana ndipo zina mwazolengedwa zake, monga auger, zokometsera zothothola, zotchinga, zotchinga, zopukutira zamitundu yosiyana, ma kiyibodi kuti achotse kiyi, chisel yosema ngodya, mafomu omwe angathandize kutulutsa thunthu la mtengo. Mukakhala ndi thunthu, lomwe limatha kukhala paini, limasiyidwa kuti liume masiku 20; kenako imayamba kubowoleza, ndikupatsa mawonekedwe a mbiya ndi njira zokhazikitsidwa; mukakhala ndi makulidwe abowo, kutsuka kwake kumatsatira. Chojambulacho chimasankhidwa ndipo chimatsatiridwa ndi pensulo pamtengo, kuti apange zojambula zaluso. Nthawi yomwe yatengedwa ndi pafupifupi theka la chaka, ngakhale zimadalira zovuta za kujambula. M'nthawi zakale agwape kapena khungu la nkhumba zakutchire limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ngoma, lero zikopa zazing'ono kapena zoonda za ng'ombe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zithunzizo ndizolembedwera kapena zomwe adazipanga yekha, pomwe mitu ya njoka, dzuwa la Aztec, ziwombankhanga ndi mafano ena azungulira dziko longoyerekeza la zida.
Poyamba zovuta kwambiri zimayimiriridwa ndi phokoso, kudzera mukuzindikira kwa mafungulo, kulumikizana, kuphatikizika ndi mitu ya teponaztli, koma ndi luso komanso luso lophunzitsidwa, pang'ono ndi pang'ono mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo idayamba kumasuliridwa mu mawu. A Ibarra adalimbikitsidwa ndi phirili komanso malo ozungulira. "Kuti mugwire ntchito yamtunduwu - akutiuza - muyenera kumva, sikuti aliyense ali ndi kuthekera. Malowa amatithandiza chifukwa tili pafupi ndi zomera, akasupe ndipo ngakhale phiri limaphulika timakonda Popo kwambiri, timamva kulimba kwake komanso kulemera kwake ”. Ndipo ngati nyimbo zoyambirira zisanachitike ku Puerto Rico chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chinali kulumikizana ndi chilengedwe, pomwe oimbawo amamvera mawu awo kuti ayesetse kumvetsetsa kakulidwe kabwino, kudzera mphepo yamtendere, bata lanyanja kapena nthaka komanso kugwa kwamadzi, mvula ndi mathithi, timamvetsetsa chifukwa chake a Don Max amatha kusintha chilengedwe chake kukhala mawu osamveka.
Pansi pa phiri, pamalo abwino kwambiri ndipo ozunguliridwa ndi zidzukulu zake, a Don Max amagwira ntchito moleza mtima mumthunzi. Kumeneko adzasandutsa thunthu lamtengo kukhala huéhuetl kapena teponaztli, mumawonekedwe amtundu wamwamuna; potero timva mawu anzeru zam'mbuyomu, zamatsenga komanso zodabwitsa ngati nyimbo za ng'oma.
