Mbiri yakuyambitsa kwamaphunziro azomangamanga ku Mexico amadziwika kale: kuzungulira chaka cha 1779, a Engraver a Casa de Moneda, a Jerónimo Antonio Gil, omwe adaphunzira ku Academy of Nobles Artes de San Fernando , adatumizidwa ku Mexico ndi Carlos III kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito yopanga ndalamayo, ndikukhazikitsa sukulu yopanga zolemba.
Sukuluyi itangokonzedwa, Gil sanakhutire ndipo adachita chidwi ndi a Fernando José Mangino, wamkulu wa Royal Mint, kuti akalimbikitse kukhazikitsidwa kwa sukulu yaukadaulo monga ku Spain. Pankhani ya zomangamanga, zolakwitsa zopangidwa ndi akatswiri am'deralo zinali zotsutsana: "kufunikira kwa akatswiri okonza mapulani kumawoneka bwino muufumu wonse kotero kuti palibe amene angalephere kuzindikira; makamaka ku Mexico, komwe kubodza kwa tsambalo komanso kuchuluka kwachangu kwa anthu kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri kupeza yankho lolimba pokhazikika ndikunyumba, ”adatero Mangino.
Akuluakulu a boma atakhutira, zodzikongoletsa za olemekezeka zidatamandidwa ndipo zopereka zina zidapezedwa, makalasi adayamba mu 1781, ndikugwiritsa ntchito nyumba yomweyo ya Moneda (lero Museum of Cultures). Carlos III akuvomereza, amapereka malamulowo, osapatula zikwi zitatu mwa zikwi khumi ndi ziwiri za ndalama zapachaka zopemphedwa ndi Viceroy Mayorga ndikulimbikitsa kuti amange San Pedro ndi San Pablo kuti akhazikitse Academy. Pa Novembala 4, 1785, kukhazikitsidwa kovomerezeka kwa Academy of the Noble Arts ku San Carlos de la Nueva España kumachitika. Dzinalo lodzitamandira limasiyanitsidwa ndi kudzichepetsa kwa zipinda zomwe adakhala zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi mu Mint yomweyo. Gil amasankhidwa kukhala CEO, ndipo amaphunzitsa zolemba mendulo. Amatumiza katswiri wa zomangamanga dzina lake Antonio González Velázquez wochokera ku San Fernando Academy kuti akawongolere gawo la zomangamanga, Manuel Arias wopanga ziboliboli, ndi Ginés Andrés de Aguirre ndi Cosme de Acuña ngati owongolera utoto. Pambuyo pake, Joaquín Fabregat adakhala wamkulu wa makina osindikiza.
Mwa malamulo akuti, pagawo lirilonse, padzakhala ophunzira anayi opuma pantchito omwe atha kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yawo yonse phunziroli, kuti akhale magazi oyera (aku Spain kapena Amwenye), kuti mendulo ya zaka zitatu zilizonse za akatswiri ojambula bwino adzapatsidwa, "ndi kuti anthu ena apite kumakalasi ngati awa pa chilichonse chomwe angapatse aphunzitsi awo komanso kuti asokoneze zokambirana ndi zoseweretsa za achinyamata. ”
Nyumba zalusozo zidayamba kupangidwa, zojambula zojambulidwa makamaka kuchokera kumalo osisitidwa, ndipo kuchokera mu 1782 Carlos III adalamula kutumiza mabuku kuti apange laibulale ya Academy. Ndi gulu lachiwiri (1785) laibulale ili ndi mitu 84 pomwe 26 idali yomanga. Zinali zokwanira kuwona mitu ya izi kuzindikira kuti zomwe sukuluyi imafotokoza: zolemba za Vitruvius ndi Viñola, m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, zolemba zina, Herculaneum, Pompeii, Roman Antiquity (Piranesi), Column ya Antonino, Las Zakale za Palmira pakati pa ena. Pulofesa woyamba wamangidwe, González Velázquez anali mwachilengedwe wazikhalidwe zakale.
Mu 1791 Manuel Tolsá adabwera ku Mexico, atatenga zotsalira za ziboliboli zodziwika bwino zaku Europe, yemwe adalowa m'malo mwa Manuel Arias ngati director director wa ziboliboli. M'chaka chomwecho Academy idakhazikitsidwa mnyumba yomwe inali ya Hospital del Amor de Dios, yokhazikitsidwa ndi odwala omwe ali ndi ziphuphu komanso matenda opatsirana pogonana. Choyamba chipatala choyambirira ndi nyumba zomangirizidwa zidachita lendi kenako ndikugulidwa, nkukhalamo mpaka kalekale. Panali zoyesayesa zopanda pake zomanga nyumba ya Academy pomwe College of Mining idamangidwapo, ndikuyesanso kusintha malo osiyanasiyana.
Wophunzira woyamba kulandira mutu wamaphunziro apamwamba pamapangidwe anali Esteban González mu 1788, yemwe adapereka projekiti. Mlingo wamaphunziro oyenerera pakupanga zomangamanga umafunsidwa ndi anthu odziwa zamisiri: Tolsá, yemwe anali kale ndi digiri yojambula ku Spain; Francisco Eduardo Tresguerras ndi José Damián Ortiz de Castro. Kuti amalize maphunziro awo, atatuwa adapereka ntchito: Tolsá wochokera ku Colegio de Minería, wopingasa chapamwamba komanso chipinda cha Marquesa de Selva Nevada m'nyumba ya Regina; Ortiz, yemwe anali katswiri wa zomangamanga mumzinda uno ndi tchalitchi chachikulu, adapereka ntchito yomanganso tchalitchi ku Tulancingo; Tresguerras analembera digirii mu 1794, koma palibe chomwe chapezeka m'malo osungira zakale a Academy chosonyeza kuti adachilandira.
Akatswiri opanga zomangamanga omwe adasankhidwa ndi City Council amayenera kulandiridwa kuchokera kwa akatswiri oyenerera ndi udindo woti asanagwire ntchito ayenera kukapereka ntchitoyi ku Superior Government Board, ndikudzipereka "popanda yankho kapena chowiringula kwa kukonza komwe kunapangidwa mwa iwo ndi chenjezo loti ngati ataphwanya malamulo adzalangidwa kwambiri ”. Komabe, aphunzitsiwa, omwe amangodziwa zambiri zokhazokha, adathetsa mavuto awo pokhala ndi ophunzira aku Academy ngati ojambula. Sizikudziwika kuti ndi liti kapena chifukwa chiyani Academy idapereka udindowu. Zikuwonekeratu kuti a Antonio Icháurregui, katswiri wamkulu wa zomangamanga ku Puebla komanso wamaphunziro apamwamba a Real de San Carlos, adapempha mutuwu mchaka cha 1797.
Sukuluyo sinachedwe kuchitika. Mu 1796, ntchito za ophunzira 11 (omwe kale anali ophunzira adaphatikizidwanso) zidatumizidwa kumpikisano womwe unachitikira ku Academy of Madrid, ndipo malingaliro a oweruzawo anali osavomerezeka; Pokhudzana ndi kujambula ndi chosema, zidanenedwa kuti mitundu yabwino iyenera kutengedwa kuti isafanizidwe osati zofananira za ku France, komanso okonza mapulani amtsogolo kusowa kwa mfundo zofunikira pakujambula, kuchuluka ndi kukongoletsa kunatsutsidwa. Mwa ukadaulo waluso zikuwoneka kuti anali oyipa kwambiri: mu 1795 ndi 1796 Academy ikudziwa mavuto awo ndikudziwitsa wolowa m'malo kuti chiphunzitsochi chitha kukhala chothandiza ngati, kuphatikiza kukopera Vitruvius ndi Palace of Caserta, ataphunzira luso lamapiri, kuwerengera kwa mabango ndi zovala, zomangira, "mapangidwe, mawonekedwe ndi zinthu zina zokhudzana ndi kuchita."
Ngakhale kuyambira pomwe maziko ake anali opanda ndalama zokwanira, ndi nkhondo zodziyimira pawokha zidakulirakulira. Mu 1811 idasiya kulandira mphatso yachifumu ndipo mu 1815 omwe adathandizira kwambiri, migodi ndi kazembe, adayimitsanso zopereka zawo. Pakati pa 1821 ndi 1824 panalibe kuchitira mwina koma kutseka Academy.
Imaukitsidwa ndi zopereka zazing'ono, osanena kuti zachifundo, kuti zibwererenso zaka khumi pambuyo pake. Aphunzitsi ndi ogwira ntchito ali ndi ngongole mpaka miyezi 19 ya malipiro ochepa, ndipo aphunzitsi amalipirabe ndalama zowunikira usiku.
Nthawi yomwe Academy idatsekedwa, ophunzira ena adasamutsidwa kupita kwa akatswiri azankhondo. Brigadier Diego García Conde, Msipanya yemwe sanatchulidwe kuti mainjiniya, atha kuonedwa kuti ndi amene adayambitsa zida zaku Mexico. Mu 1822, a Director General of Engineers, adapempha kuboma, ngati msirikali wakale wa bungwe latsopanoli, maofesala omwe anali ndi chidziwitso pamasamu, posankha omwe adaphunzira ku College of Mining kapena Academy of San Carlos. Article 8 yalamulo lopanga National Corps of Engineers yati "... ma brigade athandiza mayiko pantchito zokometsera komanso zokongoletsa pagulu zomwe achite. Mkhalidwe wa San Carlos Academy sunasinthe mpaka 1843, pomwe chifukwa cha a Antonio López de Santa Anna ndi Minister of Instruction Manuel Baranda kukonzanso kwawo kwathunthu kudalamulidwa. Adalandira lottery yadziko lonse yomwe idanyozedwa kale kuti ndi zinthu zake azitha kulipira ndalamazo. Academy idalimbikitsa kwambiri lottery iyi mwakuti panali zotsalira zomwe zidaperekedwa pantchito zachifundo.
Oyang'anira ojambula, osema ziboliboli ndi ojambula amabwezedwa kuchokera ku Europe ndi malipiro abwino; Pensheni imabwezeretsedwa potumiza achinyamata asanu ndi mmodzi kuti akachite bwino ku Europe, ndipo nyumba yomwe adachita lendi mpaka pomwepo imagulidwa, ndikupatsa mwayi wokhala nyumba yoyamba kulandila magetsi.
Pakati pa 1847 ndi 1857, zaka zinayi za ntchitoyi zidaphatikizapo maphunziro awa: Chaka choyamba: masamu, algebra, geometry, zojambula zachilengedwe. Chachiwiri: kusanthula, masiyanidwe ndi makina owerengera, zojambula zomangamanga. Chachitatu: zimango, zomasulira zofotokozera, zojambula zomangamanga. Chachinayi: malingaliro olakwika, zomangamanga ndi zomangamanga, kapangidwe kake. Ena mwa aprofesa anali Vicente Heredia, Manuel Gargollo y Parra, Manuel Delgado ndi abale a Juan ndi Ramón Agea, omalizawa adapuma ku Europe ndipo adabwerera ku 1853. Ndi maphunzirowa adalandira, mwa ena, Ventura Alcérrega, Luis G Anzorena ndi Ramón Rodríguez Arangoity.
College of Mining ophunzitsa oyesa, akatswiri amigodi, akatswiri oyang'anira ndipo pamapeto pake panali akatswiri amisewu, akatswiri a geography omaliza maphunziro awo, koma panalibe yankho pakufunika kwamilatho, madoko ndi njanji zomwe zinali zitayamba kale ku Mexico.
Mu 1844-1846, City Council idakhazikitsa udindo wa mainjiniya, m'malo mwa Master Master wa mzindawo, yemwe wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 18. Komabe, inali nthawi yosavuta yomwe ingapezeke ndi akatswiri opanga mapulani kapena akatswiri ankhondo omwe adawonetsanso kuti amadziwa za mavuto, mapangidwe amadzimadzi ndi ntchito zamagulu onse.
Mu 1856 Purezidenti Comonfort adalamula kuti mipando iwonjezeka ku National School of Agriculture kuti ntchito zitatu zikhazikitsidwe: zaulimi, zamatera ndi zomangamanga. Pali mitundu itatu ya mainjiniya omwe angaphunzitsidwe: akatswiri ojambula mapu kapena oyesa malo, mainjiniya amakanema ndi oyendetsa milatho ndi akatswiri pamisewu, koma zonse zikuwonetsa kuti sizinachitike ndipo a Academia de San Carlos adachitapo kanthu kuti asapeze sukulu yolumikizidwa ndi zomangamanga, koma Kuphatikiza kwa ntchito zonse ziwiri. Chifukwa chophatikizira ukadaulo ndi zomangamanga chikadakhala kuti chidabwerera ku malingaliro achikhalidwe, kuti ziwunikire kwambiri maluso aukadaulo, kapena kukulitsa chiyembekezo cha ntchito cha omaliza maphunziro.
Atumizidwa ndi Executive Board of the Academy, a Juan Brocca, wolemba mapulani komanso wojambula ku Mexico yemwe amakhala ku Milan, adayamba kuyang'ana ku Italy kuti apeze munthu woti akhale director of the architecture, yemwe angadziwe zambiri za zomangamanga. Amakwanitsa kutsimikizira a Javier Cavallari, pulofesa ku Yunivesite ya Palermo, mtsogoleri wa Albert of Saxony Order, membala wa Royal Institute of British Architects, dokotala wa bungwe la ophunzira ku Göttingen, yemwe, wopanga mapulani kapena mainjiniya, anali wolemba mbiri komanso wofukula mabwinja. Cavallari anafika ku Mexico mu 1856 ndipo chaka chotsatira sukuluyo idakonzedweratu kuti ikhale katswiri wa zomangamanga ndi zomangamanga.
Maphunzirowa anali azaka zisanu ndi zitatu poganizira zomwe tsopano ndi sukulu yasekondale. Ankaonedwa ngati maphunziro oyambira pomwe masamu ndi zojambula (zokongoletsa, ziwerengero ndi geometric) zidaphunziridwa ndipo chidziwitsochi chimavomerezedwa, ngati ophunzira anali ndi zaka 14 amatha kutsatira zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zamaphunziro aukadaulo komwe maphunziro otsatirawa adaphunzitsidwa:
Chaka choyamba: trigonometry, mawunikidwe a geometry, kujambula ndi kufotokozera zamitundu yakale, kamangidwe kake ndi zokongoletsa. Chaka chachiwiri: magawo a conic, masiyanidwe apadera ndi owerengera, makope a zipilala zamitundu yonse ndi zachilengedwe. Chaka chachitatu: zomveka zomangamanga, zomasulira zofotokozera, kapangidwe kake komanso kuphatikiza kwake mbali yomanga yomwe ili ndi tsatanetsatane wa mamangidwe ake, ma geology ndi mineralogy komanso zojambulajambula. Chaka chachinayi: malingaliro osasintha amamangidwe, kugwiritsa ntchito mafotokozedwe ofotokozera, luso la kujambula ndi kujambula makina. Chaka chachisanu: zimango zogwiritsidwa ntchito, lingaliro la zomangamanga ndi zowerengera zamatumba, kapangidwe kanyumba, zokongoletsa zaluso labwino komanso mbiri yazomangamanga, zida zama geodetic ndi momwe amagwiritsira ntchito. Chaka chachisanu ndi chimodzi: kumanga misewu yachitsulo, kumanga milatho, ngalande ndi ntchito zina zamadzimadzi, zomangamanga mwalamulo. Chaka chachisanu ndi chiwiri: yesetsani ndi wopanga mapulani oyenerera. Atamaliza, amayenera kupita limodzi ndi akatswiri pakuwunika ntchito ziwiri, ina yanjanji pomwe ina mlatho.
Malamulo a 1857 adalinso ndi omanga amisiri, omwe amayenera kutsimikizira poyesa kuti adaphunzitsidwa maphunziro omwewo monga omanga mapulani, ndipo amadziwa zambiri zabodza, kukokereza, kukonza, ndi zosakaniza. Zinali zofunikira kuti munthu akhale ndi zaka zitatu limodzi ndi womanga waluso kapena waluso waluso.
