Soumaya Museum yakhala malo abwino kwambiri pamisonkhano ndi zikhalidwe ku Mexico City, makamaka kutsegulidwa kwa malo ake ochititsa chidwi a Plaza Carso. Nazi zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa za Museum.
Kodi Soumaya Museum ndi chiyani?
Ndi malo azikhalidwe zopanda phindu omwe amapezeka ku Mexico City, omwe akuwonetsa zojambula ndi mbiri yakale ya Carlos Slim Foundation.
Amatchedwa Doña Soumaya Domit, mkazi wa wamkulu waku Mexico Carlos Slim Helú, yemwe adamwalira ku 1999.
Wochepa thupi ndi m'modzi mwa anthu olemera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndipo maziko omwe ali ndi dzina lake amakulitsa njira zathanzi, maphunziro, chikhalidwe, masewera ndi ena ambiri.
Soumaya Museum ili ndi zotsekera ziwiri, imodzi ku Plaza Carso ina ku Plaza Loreto. Likulu la Plaza Carso lakhala chithunzi cha zomangamanga ku Mexico City chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka avant-garde.
Kodi chikuwonetsedwa ku Plaza Loreto?
Likulu la Museo Soumaya - Plaza Loreto linali loyamba kutsegulidwa kwa anthu, mu 1994. Tsambali lili patsamba lomwe lili ndi mbiri, popeza linali gawo la komiti yopatsidwa kwa Hernán Cortés komanso mphero ya mphero ya Martín Cortés , mwana wa wogonjetsa wotchuka.
Kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 19, chiwembucho chinali mu Loreto ndi Peña Pobre Paper Factory, yomwe idawonongedwa ndi moto mzaka za 1980, pambuyo pake idapezedwa ndi Grupo Carso wa Carlos Slim.
Museo Soumaya - Plaza Loreto ili ndi zipinda zisanu, zoperekedwa ku Mexico ndi mbiri yaku Mexico. M'zipinda 3 ndi 4 mndandanda wosangalatsa wa makalendala aku Mexico amawonetsedwa ndipo chipinda 3 chimaperekedwa ku Mexico ya m'zaka za zana la 19.
Kodi tsamba la Plaza Carso limapereka chiyani?
Likulu la Museo Soumaya de Plaza Carso lili ku Nuevo Polanco ndipo idakhazikitsidwa mu 2011. Kapangidwe kake kolimba kameneka kanachokera pa zojambula za katswiri wazomanga waku Mexico a Fernando Romero.
Romero adalangizidwa ndi kampani yaku Britain Ove Arup, wolemba Sydney Opera House ndi Beijing National Aquatics Center; komanso wolemba mapulani waku Canada a Frank Gehry, wopambana pa Mphotho ya Pritzker ya 1989, "Mphoto ya Nobel Yomanga."
Soumaya Museum - Plaza Carso ili ndi zipinda 6, momwe 1, 2, 3, 4 ndi 6 amaperekedwa kuzowonetsa kwamuyaya ndipo 5 kuzowonetsa kwakanthawi.
Kodi ndizosonkhanitsa zazikulu ziti za Soumaya Museum?
Zosonkhanitsa ku Museum of Soumaya ndizosanja komanso zosasinthika, kusiyanitsa zitsanzo za ambuye aku Old European, Auguste Rodin, Impressionism ndi Avant-gardes, Gibran Kahlil Gibran Collection, Art Mesoamerican, Old Novohispanic Masters, 19th Century Mexican Portrait, Independent Mexico Landscape and Art Mexico wazaka za zana la 20.
Zosonkhetsa zina zimatumizidwa ku Sitampu Yodzipereka, Zoyeserera ndi Ma Reliquaries; Ndalama Zachitsulo, Mendulo ndi Ma Banknotes kuyambira zaka za zana la 16 mpaka 20, Applied Arts; Mafashoni kuyambira zaka za zana la 18 mpaka 20, Photography; ndi Zojambula Zamalonda za Ofesi Yosindikiza ya Galas ku Mexico.
Kodi ambuye akale ku Europe amaimiridwa bwanji mu Soumaya Museum?
Msonkhanowu umapanga ulendo wochokera ku Gothic kupita ku zojambula za Neoclassical, kudzera mu Renaissance, Mannerism ndi Baroque, kudzera mwa akatswiri aku Italiya, Spain, Germany, Flemish and French a zaka za zana la 15 ndi 18.
Kuunikira kwina kuli aku Italy aku Sandro Botticelli, El Pinturicchio, Filippino Lippi, Giorgio Vasari, Andrea del Sarto, Tintoretto, Tiziano ndi El Veronés.
Kuchokera ku Spain School pali ntchito za El Greco, Bartolomé Murillo, José de Ribera, Alonso Sánchez Coello ndi Francisco Zurbarán, mwa akatswiri ena.
Luso la Flemish lilipo kudzera mwanzeru za Peter Brueghel, Peter Paul Rubens, Antón van Dyck, ndi Frans Hals. Kuchokera ku Germany pali ntchito za Lucas Cranach the Old and the Younger, ndipo aku France alipo ndi Jean-Honoré Fragonard ndi Gustave Doré, mwa ena.
Kodi mndandanda wa Rodin ndi wotani?
Kunja kwa France kulibe malo omwe akuyimira bwino "bambo wa ziboliboli zamakono" kuposa Soumaya Museum.
Ntchito yayikulu kwambiri ya Auguste Rodin inali Chipata cha Gahena, ndi ziwerengero zowuziridwa ndi Kutulutsa Kwaumulunguwolemba Dante Alighieri; Maluwa a ZoipaWolemba Charles Baudelaire; Y Kusinthandi Ovidio.
Rodin sakanakhala ndi moyo kuti pulasitala wake asanduke bronzes. Mitundu ina yamkuwa idapangidwa kuchokera kumapangidwe awo, omwe amasungidwa m'maiko asanu ndi limodzi, kuphatikiza Mexico, ku Soumaya Museum, kudzera mu ntchito monga Woganiza, Kupsompsona Y Mithunzi itatu.
Ntchito ina yodziwika ndi a Rodin yomwe ili ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale za Soumaya ndiye mtundu woyamba wopangidwa ndi wojambula waku Parisian pantchito yake yodabwitsa Achifwamba a ku Calais.
Kodi chikuwonetsedwa mu gulu la Impressionism and Avant-garde?
Chiwonetserochi chimaperekedwa kwa osintha zaluso; iwo omwe adasokonekera ndi mafunde mwaposachedwa kudzera pamalingaliro amtsogolo omwe adatsutsidwa mwankhanza komanso ngakhale kunyozedwa, kuti pambuyo pake akhale mikhalidwe yapadziko lonse lapansi.
Kuchokera pa Impressionism pali ntchito za ambuye ake akulu a Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, ndi Edgar Degas. Post-Impressionism imayimilidwa ndi Vincent van Gogh ndi Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec; ndi Fauvism wolemba Georges Rouault, Raoul Dufy, ndi Maurice de Vlaminck.
Kuchokera ku Cubism pali Picasso komanso ku Metaphysical School, Giorgio de Chirico. Kuchokera ku Surrealism, Soumaya Museum ikuwonetsa ntchito za a Max Ernst, Salvador Dalí ndi Joan Miró.
Nanga bwanji za Gibran Kahlil Gibran?
Gibran Kahlil Gibran anali wolemba ndakatulo waku Lebanon, wojambula, wolemba mabuku komanso wolemba nkhani yemwe adamwalira ku 1931 ku New York, ali ndi zaka 48. Ankatchedwa "ndakatulo ya ukapolo."
Don Carlos Slim anabadwira ku Mexico, wochokera ku Lebanoni, ndipo n'zosadabwitsa kuti adapeza ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya nzika yake yotchuka Gibran Kahlil Gibran.
Soumaya Museum imasunga zosankha zawosewera, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zinthu, zilembo ndi zolembedwa pamanja za Phindu Y Wopenga, Ntchito ziwiri zofunika kwambiri zolemba ku Gibran.
Wolemba Gibran Kahlil Gibran, Museum ya Soumaya imasunganso chigoba chake chakufa, komanso zojambula zamafuta ndi zojambula.
Kodi kusonkhanitsa zaluso zaku Mesoamerica kuli bwanji?
Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ya Soumaya imawonetsa ntchito zomwe zidaperekedwa ku bungweli kudzera mu mgwirizano ndi National Institute of Anthropology and History of Mexico, wa nthawi zakale, zakale komanso zakale za ku Columbus kumadzulo kwa Mesoamerica.
Maski, mafano achidongo, zigaza zolembedwa, zofukizira zonunkhira, zofukizira, mabulosi ndi zidutswa zina zikuwonetsedwa.
Zojambula ndi zolemba zopangidwa ndi wolemba zithunzi waku Spain a José Luciano Castañeda pa Royal Expedition of Antiquities of New Spain, akuchitikanso pakati pa 1805 ndi 1807, akuwonetsedwanso.
Kodi chikuwonetsedwa ndi Masters Atsopano Atsopano A ku Puerto Rico?
Chiwonetserochi chili ndi ntchito za a Juan Correa, wolemba chithunzicho Kulingalira kwa Namwali yomwe ili ku Metropolitan Cathedral ya Mexico City; wa Cristóbal de Villalpando waku Mexico; ndi mbuye wamkulu wamalowo ku New Spain, Miguel Cabrera, pakati pa ena.
Danga ili la Soumaya Museum lilinso ndi zojambula, zosemasema ndi zidutswa zina za akatswiri osadziwika a New Puerto Rico, komanso zojambula ndi ojambula ochokera kumadera ena a Kingdom of Spain omwe adaliko ku America nthawi yamakoloni.
Kodi chiwonetsero chazithunzi zaku Mexico cha XIX Century chili bwanji?
Msonkhanowu muli ntchito zopangidwa ku Mexico ndi akatswiri ojambula zithunzi ochokera ku Real Academia de San Carlos, monga Catalan Pelegrín Clavé y Roqué, Texcocan Felipe Santiago Gutiérrez ndi Poblano Juan Cordero de Hoyos.
Chithunzichi chodziwika bwino m'chigawochi chikuyimiridwa ndi a José María Estrada ndipo ntchito yotchuka imafaniziridwa ndi a Guanajuato Hermenegildo Bustos, ndi zojambula zake zodziwika bwino zamaganizidwe.
Pomaliza, mtundu wa "Muerte Niña" uliponso, woperekedwa kwa ana omwe adamwalira ali aang'ono, otchedwa "angelo" mdziko la Spain.
Kodi Independent Mexico Landscape ili ndi chiyani?
Pambuyo pa Ufulu, ojambula odziwika anafika ku Mexico omwe anali othandiza kwambiri pakukula kwa sukulu yoyang'anira dzikolo.
Mndandandawu muli mayina a anthu odziwika bwino monga Britain Daniel Thomas Egerton, msirikali waku America komanso wojambula Conrad Wise Chapman, wojambula waku France komanso woyambitsa kujambula, Jean Baptiste Louis Gros; ndi a Johann Moritz Rugendas aku Germany, omwe amadziwika kuti Mauricio Rugendas.
Aphunzitsi odziwika awa adalimbikitsa ophunzira odziwika, monga aku Italiya omwe amakhala ku Mexico, Eugenio Landesio; Luis Coto y Maldonado, waku Toluca, ndi José María Velasco Gómez, waku Cali.
Akatswiri okongoletsa malowa akuyimiridwa pamsonkhano wa Museo Soumaya's Independent Mexico Landscape.
Kodi nchiyani chomwe chikuwululidwa ndi Art of Mexico of the 20th Century?
Mothandizidwa ndi ma avant-gardes aku Europe komanso zikhumbo za anthu aku Mexico, zaluso za dzikolo zidaphulika kwambiri m'zaka za zana la 20 kudzera mwa anthu odziwika ngati Murillo, Rivera, Orozco, Tamayo, ndi Siqueiros.
Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imakhala ndi zojambula ziwiri zojambulidwa ndi Rufino Tamayo komanso zojambula zodzijambula za ojambula aku Mexico zomwe zinali za ndale komanso kazembe wa Tamaulipas a Marte Rodolfo Gómez.
Zosonkhanitsazo zilinso ndi ntchito za Günther Gerzso ndi a José Luis Cuevas aku Mexico, Juan Soriano waku Guadalajara, José García Ocejo waku Veracruz ndi Francisco Toledo ndi Sergio Hernández aku Oaxaca.
Kodi Sitampu Yodzipereka ndi Ma Miniature ndi Ma Reliquaries akuwonetsa chiyani?
Luso losindikiza lomwe lidapangidwa pakati pa zaka za zana la 16 ndi koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 19 lidali lachipembedzo kwenikweni, pomwe owonetsa zithunzi ndi osindikiza monga Joseph de Nava, Manuel Villavicencio, Baltasar Troncoso ndi Ignacio Cumplido, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira za intaglio, woodcut, etching and lithography.
Ntchito ina yosangalatsa yojambula inali yopanga timatumba tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zothandizira minyanga ya njovu, momwe Antonio Tomasich y Haro, Francisco Morales, María de Jesús Ponce de Ibarrarán ndi Francisca Salazar adadziwika.
Kodi kusonkhanitsa Ndalama Zachitsulo, Mendulo ndi Ma Banknotes kumayambira zaka za zana la 16 mpaka 20?
Golidi ndi siliva wambiri yemwe adatengedwa kuchokera ku chuma cha Viceroyalty waku New Spain munthawi ya atsamunda adasamutsidwira ku Spain mwa mawonekedwe a ingots. Komabe, nyumba zingapo zopangira utoto zinatsegulidwa ku Mexico konse, ndikupanga ndalama, zambiri zomwe zimafunidwa ndi osonkhanitsa ndi malo osungirako zinthu zakale.
Ku Soumaya Museum kuli ndalama zamtengo wapatali zomwe zimafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mbiri yaku Mexico, kuphatikiza zomwe zimatchedwa Carlos ndi Juana, zidutswa zoyambirira zopangidwa ku America.
Momwemonso, pali zitsanzo za ndalama zoyambirira zozungulira zaulamuliro wa Felipe V ndi zomwe zimatchedwa "peluconas" kuyambira nthawi ya Carlos III.
Komanso, mu cholowa cha nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale muli ndalama zachikhalidwe ndi zankhondo komanso mendulo kuyambira nthawi ya Ufumu Wachiwiri waku Mexico ndi Republican kuyambira nthawi yolowererapo ya France.
Kodi Applied Arts imawonetsa chiyani?
Mpaka nthawi yomwe ufulu wa Independence waku Mexico usanachitike, Viceroyalty yaku New Spain inali njira yodutsa yaku America pakati Europe ndi Asia.
Munthawi imeneyi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zidafika ku Mexico, monga masipuni, zibangili, matumba achimbudzi aku Viennese, ziwiya zakhitchini ndi zina zomwe tsopano zikuwonetsa chiwonetsero cha Applied Arts ku Soumaya Museum.
Zina mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri ndizophatikiza makapu amsonkho wa ku Germany Ernesto Richheimer, chibangili chomwe chinali cha Mfumukazi Carlota waku Mexico, mkazi wa Maximiliano de Habsburgo, komanso mipando, mabokosi anyimbo, zowonera, mawotchi ndi zodzikongoletsera.
Zomwe zili mgulu la mafashoni ndi kujambula?
Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imayenda modutsa mdziko lonse lapansi komanso mafashoni aku Mexico pakati pa zaka za zana la 18 ndi m'ma 20. Mutha kusilira zovala zopangidwa ndi brocade, damask, silika, satin ndi velvet; madiresi, masuti amuna, zovala wapamtima, zodzikongoletsera ndi Chalk.
M'munda wokongola wazovala zamwambo ndi zachipembedzo, pali ntchito zokhala ndi ulusi wopota, ma sequin, zisoti, zoluka, ma trousseau, ndi zokutira za chikapu, pakati pa ena.
Zithunzi zojambulazo zimaphatikizaponso daguerreotypes, tintypes, platinotypes, collodions ndi ma albino kuyambira theka lachiwiri la 19th century, komanso makamera, zithunzi ndi zithunzi za anthu akulu mpaka pakati pa zaka za 20th.
Kodi chiwonetsero cha Arte Comercial de la Imprenta Galas de México chikutanthauza chiyani?
Galas de México anali wofalitsa wamkulu wa makalendala ndi zina zamalonda pamsika waku Mexico ndi Latin America, pafupifupi pakati pa 1930 ndi 1970.
Kulongosola kwa zomata ndi ntchito yolumikizana kwa ojambula, ojambula zithunzi, ojambula ndi osindikiza, zomwe zimawonetsedwa muzojambula zakale, zokometsera zachikhalidwe komanso zoseketsa, malo ndi miyambo, osayiwala kupanga zachilengedwe.
Zotolerera zakale zimaphatikizapo zipsera, zojambula zamafuta, zoyipa ndi makanema opangidwa ndi akatswiri opanga nthawiyo, makina, makamera ndi zinthu zina.
Ndi zinthu zina ziti zomwe Museum imachita?
Soumaya Museum imapanga mapulogalamu angapo okhudzana ndi zaluso, kupitilira ziwonetsero zake. Zochita izi zimaphatikizira zokambirana - monga "Kuyambira pamtengo mpaka wopingasa", wolunjika kwa makolo ojambula ndi ana awo - zinsinsi zaluso ndi makonsati.
Zina mwazinthu zomwe nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imapatsa alendo ake ndi maulendo owonera akhungu ndi omwe ali ndi vuto la kuwona, kufikira kwa agalu otsogolera, womasulira chilankhulo chamanja, komanso kuyimitsa njinga.
Kodi malo owonetsera zakale ali kuti ndipo mitengo yake ndi maola ndi otani?
Tsamba la Plaza Loreto lili ku Avenida Revolución ndi Río Magdalena, Eje 10 Sur, Tizapán, San Ángel. Amatsegulidwa kwa anthu tsiku lililonse, kupatula Lachiwiri, kuyambira 10:30 AM mpaka 6:30 PM (Loweruka mpaka 8 PM). Alendo ku Plaza Loreto amatha kupaka ku Calle Altamirano 46, Álvaro Obregón.
Malo a Plaza Carso ali pa Bulevar Cervantes Saavedra, pakona ya Presa Falcón, Ampliación Granada ndipo imatsegulidwa tsiku lililonse pakati pa 10:30 AM ndi 6:30 PM.
Pakhomo lolowera ku Soumaya Museum ndi laulere.
Tikukhulupirira kuti ulendo wanu ku Soumaya Museum ndiwosangalatsa komanso wophunzitsa, tikukhulupirira kuti mutha kutisiyira ndemanga yayifupi za positiyi komanso zomwe mwakumana nazo m'malo okongolawa.
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