San José del Carmen. Hacienda ku Guanajuato

Pakadali pano famu ya San José del Carmen yawonongeka pang'ono chifukwa cha kupita kwa nthawi, koma kukula kwake komanso kukongola kwa zomangamanga kukuwonetsa kuti munthawi yake inali imodzi mwofunikira kwambiri mderali.

Pakadali pano famu ya San José del Carmen yawonongeka pang'ono chifukwa chakudutsa kwa nthawi, koma kukula kwake komanso kukongola kwa zomangamanga zikuwonetsa kuti munthawi yake inali imodzi mwofunikira kwambiri mderali.

Mmodzi mwa matauni akale kwambiri m'boma la Guanajuato mosakayikira ndi Salvatierra (onani Unknown Mexico No. 263), ndipo pachifukwa ichi ndi bungwe lokhala ndi zipilala zosawerengeka, pomwe zigawo zake zimadziwika, monga Huatzindeo , ya San Nicolás de los Agustinos, ya Sánchez, ya Guadalupe ndi ya San José del Carmen. Yotsirizayi ndi yomwe tikambirane tsopano.

San José del Carmen adabadwa ngati ma haciendas ambiri aku Mexico: atapeza ndalama zingapo zapadziko lapansi zoperekedwa ndi Crown yaku Spain kwa oyamba kukhala mgawo latsopano.

Zimanenedwa kuti pa Ogasiti 1, 1648, ma friars a dongosolo la a Karimeli, omwe adakhazikika m'malo omwe tsopano ndi Salvatierra, adalandira chifundo chamalo awiri: imodzi ya laimu pomwe ina idasungidwa pamwala, izi zidachitika ndi cholinga chachipembedzo kuti akweze zovuta zamatchalitchi zomwe zimamangidwa m'malo amenewo. Zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake, mu Meyi 1650, amonkewa aku Karimeli adatenga ma caballerias anayi (pafupifupi mahekitala 168) kutsogolo kwa malo a mulingo wa laimu ndi mtsinje wa Tarimoro; kenako, malo pafupifupi mahekitala 1 755 adalandiridwa, anali a ng'ombe zazikulu. Pofika Okutobala 1658 adapatsidwa malo enanso ndi ma caballerias ena atatu.

Monga ngati izi sizinali zokwanira, mu 1660 ma friars adagula ma caballerias khumi ndi asanu kuchokera ku Doña Joseph de Bocanegra. Ndi mayiko onsewa, malo a San José del Carmen adapangidwa.

Popanda kudziwa chifukwa chake, mu 1664 a ku Karimeli adaganiza zogulitsa famuyo kwa Don Nicolás Botello pamtengo wa ndalama 14,000. Panthawi yogulitsayi, hacienda idafika kale kumtsinje wa Tarimoro, kumpoto; kumadzulo ndi katundu wa Francisco Cedeño, ndi kumwera ndi msewu wakale wopita ku Celaya.

Atamwalira a Don Nicolás (yemwe amayang'anira kuti malowo akule kwambiri) malowa adalandidwa ndi ana ake, koma popeza anali ndi ngongole yayikulu ku nyumba yachitetezo ya Carmen de Salvatierra, adaganiza zogulitsa malowo kwa a friars. Mgwirizano wogulitsa udachitika pa Novembala 24, 1729, pakati pa bachelor Miguel García Botello ndi nyumba yachitetezo yomwe yatchulidwa. Pakadali pano, hacienda inali kale ndi ma caballerias 30 obzala ndi malo asanu ndi limodzi a ng'ombe zazikulu.

Mpaka chaka cha 1856, pomwe lamulo lolanda zinthu lidayamba kugwira ntchito, lamulo laku Karimeli linali m'manja mwa San José del Carmen, pambuyo pa chaka chimenecho malowo adakhala chuma cha fukoli ndipo kupanga kwake kudatsika kwambiri.

Mu 1857 hacienda adagulitsidwa mokomera a Maximino Terreros ndi M. Zamudio, koma popeza sanathe kulipira ngongole yonse, mu Disembala 1860 malowo adagulitsidwanso. Pamwambowu adapezedwa ndi Manuel Godoy, yemwe amasunga kwa iye zaka 12. Mu Ogasiti 1872, a Godoy adagulitsa hacienda kwa Francisco Llamosa, wochita masewera aku Spain yemwe adapeza ndalama zambiri polamula gulu la akuba omwe amayenda ku Cerro del Culiacán komanso omwe amadziwika kuti "Los Buches Amarillos."

Munthawi ya Porfiriato, San José del Carmen adalumikizidwa ngati umodzi mwaminda yopindulitsa kwambiri m'derali. Pambuyo pa 1910, gawo lalikulu la minda ya hacienda lidasiya kulimidwa ndi "ogwira ntchito tsiku" ndikuyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi "sharecroppers".

San José del Carmen hacienda, ndi kayendetsedwe kakusintha ndi zotsatira zake pakugawidwa kwa nthaka, idasiya kukhala malo ambiri opitilira mahekitala 12,273 oti agawidwe makamaka pakati pa omwe kale anali ogwira ntchito ndi ogwira nawo ntchito.

Pakadali pano, "nyumba yayikulu", tchalitchi, nkhokwe zina ndi mpanda wozungulira womwe umasungidwa mu malo a San José del Carmen. Ngakhale kuti mwini wake pakadali pano, a Ernesto Rosas, awasamalira, zakhala zovuta kuti zisawonongeke.

Ngakhale kuti a Don Ernesto ndi banja lawo amapita kumalo ano kumapeto kwa sabata, adathandizira kuti zochitika zina zofunikira m'boma zizichitikira kumeneko.

Tiyenera kunena kuti ngakhale hacienda siyotsegulidwa kwa anthu onse, ngati mungalankhule ndi mwininyumba ndikufotokozera chifukwa chomwe tachezera, zimaloleza kufikira kuti tipeze mwayi wowonera mipando yanyengo, monga mbaula zachitsulo. "mafiriji" opangidwa ndi matabwa, pakati pa ena.

UTUMIKI

Mu mzinda wa Salvatierra ndizotheka kupeza ntchito zonse zomwe mlendo angafune, monga malo ogona, malo odyera, foni, intaneti, zoyendera pagulu, ndi zina zambiri.

MUKAPITA KU SAN JOSÉ DEL CARMEN

Kuchoka ku Celaya, tengani msewu waukulu wa feduro ayi. 51 ndipo mutayenda makilomita 37 mudzafika mumzinda wa Salvatierra. Kuchokera apa, tengani msewu waukulu wopita ku Cortázar ndipo mtunda wa makilomita 9 okha mupeze famu ya San José del Carmen.

Gwero: Mexico Yosadziwika No. 296 / October 2001

Kanema: grupo vallarta en la estancia de san jose del carmen primera parte (Mulole 2024).