Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, ku Campeche, yomwe ili ndi mahekitala pafupifupi 750,000, ndi yayikulu kwambiri ku Mexico pankhani ya nkhalango zam'malo otentha, yokhala ndi mitundu pafupifupi 300 ya mbalame ndi mitundu isanu mwa isanu ndi umodzi ya nkhalango zomwe zikukhala ku North America.
Pofika theka chabe kupita ku Calakmul mutha kale kuona zitsanzo zabwino za nyama kuchokera m'mbali mwa mseu. Ngakhale atatsala pang'ono kufika kudera lamabwinja, martucha kapena nyani usiku amabwerera kumanda ake mdzenje la mtengo wa Ramón ndipo bambo wachikulire wochokera kuphiri amawoloka msewu, osachita changu. Patsogolo pang'ono, gulu la ma coati 20 limafufuza tizilombo pansi pa zinyalala ndipo chiombankhanga chokoma mtima chimanyamula nthambi kuti chilimbikitse chisa chawo.
Kenako anyani olira modutsa pamnkhalango, kenako anyani angapo a kangaude akudumpha mwachangu. Toucan amawayang'ana iwo akamadutsa pamutu pake ndikumupangitsa kuti athawe ndi mawu omwewo a nyimbo yake yogogoda.
MU KUSUNGIRA
Kuyenda m'nkhalango pali madera ena okhala ndi misewu yapadera ya alendo. Pamene tikutsatira njirazi pang'onopang'ono tili maso, tazindikira kuti nkhalangoyi ili ndi mbali zitatu. Monga momwe nthawi zonse timayang'ana pansi kuti tipewe kupunthwa kapena kuwopa njoka; Sitimayang'ana kumene kuli nkhalango kumene kuli zamoyo zambirimbiri. Danga lodabwitsa lomwe limapatsa gawo lachitatu. Kumeneku kumakhala kuwonjezera pa anyani, ma martuchas, mitundu yambiri ya mbalame, tizilombo ndi zomera zomwe zimamera pazomera zina, monga bromeliads.
CALAKMUL, MAPIRI AWIRI OYANDIKIRA
Kuphatikiza pa kukhala amodzi mwa malo abwino kwambiri owonera mbalame ndi okonda zachilengedwe, Calakmul unali mzinda wofunikira kwambiri m'chigawo chapakati mu Ufumu wa Mayan, wokhala mu nyengo za Pre-Classic ndi Late Classic (pakati pa 500 BC mpaka AD 1,000. ). Lili ndi zolemba zazikulu kwambiri za Mayan, popeza ili yodzaza ndi ma stelae, ambiri amaveka ma piramidi awiri akulu, mkati mwake momwe zojambula zodabwitsa kwambiri mdziko la Mayan zidapezeka, zomwe sizinatsegulidwe kwa anthu onse.
Titafika pagombe lalikulu la Calakmul, lomwe mu Mayan limatanthauza "milu iwiri yoyandikana", chifunga chimayamba kukwera pang'ono ndi pang'ono, ndikusiya dzuwa lowala bwino komanso kutentha kwakukulu. Zinyama zikupitilizabe kuwoneka paliponse. Togon yamitundu ya mbendera yaku Mexico imawayang'anitsitsa ndipo, mumtengo womwewo, momot imayenda mwamantha ndi mchira wake wooneka ngati pendulum. Tinapita ku piramidi yayikulu, nyumba yachifumu yodabwitsa chifukwa cha kutalika kwake komanso kukula kwake, komwe kumalamulira nkhalango yonse.
VOLCANO YOMWEYO
Kumpoto kwa nkhalangoyi, phanga lakuya lomwe lidayang'anitsidwa pang'ono ndi nyumba ya mileme. Phanga la miyala yamiyala limakhala pansi pa chipinda chapansi pafupifupi 100 mita mkati mwa kuwombera kwakutali kwambiri. Kutsika, zida zapadera zopalitsira ndi chigoba choteteza ndizofunikira, popeza kuchuluka kwa bat guano m'phanga mumatha kukhala ndi bowa wa histoplasmosis.
Usiku uliwonse amatuluka pakamwa pa phanga, ngati chiphalaphala chaphiri. Kwa maora opitilira atatu, mileme yosawerengeka imatuluka ndikupereka chochitika chodabwitsa kwambiri chachilengedwe kuti chiwonetsedwe. Malowa sakudziwika kwenikweni ndipo ndi ochepa ofufuza ndi mabungwe azachilengedwe omwe amayendera nthawi ndi nthawi.
Mileme ndi yofunika kwambiri kunkhalango. Pali mitundu 10,000 yodziwika bwino ya zinyama padziko lapansi, momwe zilili 1,000 ndi mileme. Aliyense amatha kudya tizirombo toposa 1,200 pa ola limodzi motero amakhala othandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi tizirombo. Kuphatikiza apo, mileme yazipatso ndiye yomwe imafalitsa mbewu ndi kunyamula mungu m'nkhalango yamvula. Zipatso 70% zam'malo otentha zimachokera ku mitundu yonyamulidwa ndi mungu, kuphatikiza mango, gwava ndi soursop.
NTCHITO YOPHUNZITSIRA
Mosakayikira, malo osungidwa sangakhale ndi moyo ngati nzika zake sizipeza njira zogwiritsa ntchito zachilengedwe m'njira yokhazikika, ndiye kuti, kuzigwiritsa ntchito moyenera, kulola kuti zipangidwenso mosalekeza.
Chifukwa chake, ulimi wa njuchi ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ejidatarios amderali. Kupanga uchi kumalola alimi kuti azikhala kunkhalango osadula mitengo yawo yamtengo wapatali kuti adziwe ng'ombe kapena chimanga. Mbewuzo zimathetsa dothi ndikuzimitsa chuma chambiri mderali: zachilengedwe.
Ntchito ina yokhazikika, ngati ikuchitidwa moyenera, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mtengo wa chicozapote pochotsa lalabala yomwe timapangira chingamu. Kuyambira 1900, malowa anali ndi nkhalango yolimba yomwe idakulirakulira mzaka zam'ma 40 ndikutulutsa chingamu ndipo, mzaka za m'ma 60's century, mafakitale amitengo adalowetsa chiclema ngati chinthu chachikulu.
Chungamu chinali chitadyedwa kale ndi a Mayan akale ndipo chidakhala chotchuka padziko lonse lapansi pomwe James Adams adazindikira kuti Purezidenti Santa Anna akudya. Adams adachita bwino ndikupanga zomwe zidatchuka padziko lonse lapansi, kuzisakaniza ndi zotsekemera ndi shuga.
Masiku ano, chingamu chomwe timakonda kudya chimapangidwa mwanjira inayake, ndi zopangira mafuta. Komabe, makampani opanga chicle akupitilizabe kugwira ntchito muma ejidos osiyanasiyana. Imodzi ndi Novembala 20, kum'mawa kwa malowa. Kutulutsa tinthu kumachitika makamaka munthawi yamvula, kuyambira Juni mpaka Novembala, pomwe mtengo wa chicozapote umabala kwambiri. Koma izi siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito chaka ndi chaka, koma kamodzi pazaka khumi zilizonse, kuti mtengowo usaume ndi kufa.
Zovuta zonsezi zakhudza kwambiri zachilengedwe mderali. Komabe, malo osungirako zachilengedwe a Calakmul Biosphere Reserve ndi amodzi mwamalo osungidwa bwino kwambiri ku Mexico ndipo, mosakayikira, dziko la nyamazi.
KUYENDA MU CALAKMUL, ZOCHITIKA ZOCHITIKA
Ndi gawo la zochuluka komanso zosiyana. Sikuti pali anthu ambiri amtundu umodzi. M'malo mwake, pafupifupi onse ndiosiyana. Mitengo yomwe ili pamodzi ndi ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nyerere pa mtengo wina ndizosiyana ndi za pamtengo wina. Pakhoza kukhala mtengo wa tsabola wosiyanitsidwa ndi ma kilomita atatu kuchokera ku mtundu wina womwewo. Onse ndi akatswiri pachinthu china. Mwachitsanzo, zomera zambiri zokhala ndi maluwa achikasu zimatsegulidwa masana kuti mungu wawo uyambe mungu. Kwa iwo, awo omwe ali ndi maluwa oyera, omwe amawoneka bwino usiku, amatsegulidwa kuti ayendetse mungu ndi mileme. Pachifukwa ichi, hekitala imodzi ya nkhalango ikawonongedwa, mitundu yomwe sitikudziwa imatha.
