Cholowa chodabwitsa cha ziwalo zamaluwa ku Mexico, mosakayikira, ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino kwambiri m'mbiri ya zaluso ndi chilengedwe chonse.
Kufika ku Mexico kwa Hernán Cortés m'zaka za zana la 16 ndi gawo latsopano pakupanga nyimbo ndi zaluso zonse, ndikupanga luso latsopano: wokonzekera. Kuyambira pachiyambi cha Colony, nyimbo zatsopano zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa ndi aku Spain ndikusinthidwa ndi chidwi cha anthu aku Mexico zitha kukhala gawo lofunikira pakusintha kwa nyimbo ku Mexico. Bishopu woyamba waku Mexico, wamantha Juan de Zumárraga, anali woyang'anira popereka malangizo achindunji kwa amishonalewo pakuphunzitsa nyimbo komanso kuigwiritsa ntchito ngati gawo lofunikira pakusintha kwamtunduwu. Zaka khumi kuchokera pamene Tenochtitlan idagwa, chiwalo china chidatumizidwa kuchokera ku Seville, mu 1530, kuti apite limodzi ndi kwayala yomwe Fray Pedro de Cante, yemwe anali msuweni wake wa Carlos V, yemwe adaphunzitsidwa ku Texcoco.
Kufunika kwa ziwalo kudakulirakulira chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 16, chifukwa choyesetsa kwa atsogoleri achipembedzo kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida. Malingaliro awa a atsogoleri achipembedzo adalumikizana ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa nyimbo potumikira mpingo waku Spain, monga zotsatira za malingaliro a Council of Trent (1543-1563) zomwe zidapangitsa kuti Philip II asachotse zida zonse zochokera ku Royal Chapel kupatula chiwalo.
Ndizodabwitsa kuti New York, Boston ndi Philadelphia asadakhazikitsidwe ngati madera, Mfumu yaku Spain idalengeza kale lamulo mu 1561 loletsa kuchuluka kwa oyimba akumayiko omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'matchalitchi aku Mexico, "... tchalitchi chimatha kukhala chakufa… ”.
Ntchito yomanga ziwalo idakula ku Mexico kuyambira nthawi zoyambirira komanso ndipamwamba kwambiri pakupanga kwake. Mu 1568, khonsolo yamzinda wa Mexico City idalengeza lamulo lamatawuni momwe munalembedwa kuti: mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zeze ndi zeze ... pakatha miyezi inayi iliyonse ofisala amawunika zida zomwe amamanga ndikuwalanda onse omwe alibe luso lapamwamba pantchito ... ”Kudzera m'mbiri yoyimba yaku Mexico, ndikotheka kutsimikizira momwe Organ idagwira gawo lofunikira kuyambira pomwe Colony idayambira, ndikuti kukongola kwa zamoyo ku Mexico kudapitilira ngakhale munthawi yovuta kwambiri m'mbiri yaku Mexico, kuphatikiza nthawi yodziyimira pawokha m'zaka za zana la 19.
Dera ladziko lino lili ndi cholowa chachikulu cha ziwalo za Baroque zomangidwa makamaka m'zaka za zana la 17 ndi 18, koma pali zida zabwino kwambiri zoyambira m'zaka za zana la 19 ndipo ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa zaka makumi awiri, zopangidwa molingana ndi mfundo zaluso zalimba zomwe zidalipo nthawi yaulamuliro waku Spain. . Tiyenera kutchula pakadali pano mafumu achi Castro, banja la opanga ziwalo za Puebla omwe adakhudza kwambiri dera la Puebla ndi Tlaxcala m'zaka za zana la 18 ndi 19, ndikupanga ziwalo zapamwamba kwambiri, zofananira ndi zomwe zimasankhidwa kwambiri ku Europe. za nthawi yake.
Titha kunena, mwalamulo, kuti ziwalo zaku Mexico zidasunga mawonekedwe amtundu wakale waku Spain wazaka za zana la 17, kuwadutsa ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino omwe amadziwika ndikuzindikiritsa thupi lodziwika bwino laku Mexico ponseponse.
Zizindikiro zina za ziwalo za baroque zaku Mexico zitha kufotokozedwa motere:
Zidazi ndizopakatikati ndipo zimakhala ndi kiyibodi imodzi yokhala ndi ma octave anayi owonjezera, ali ndi ma registry 8 mpaka 12 ogawika magawo awiri: mabass ndi treble. Zolemba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyimbo ndi zamtunduwu ndizosiyanasiyana, kuti zitsimikizire zovuta zina ndi kusiyanasiyana.
Zolembera zamabango zomwe zimayikidwa mopingasa pa façade ndizosapeweka ndipo zimakhala ndi utoto wabwino, izi zimapezeka ngakhale m'ziwalo zazing'ono kwambiri. Mabokosi amtunduwu ndi achidwi kwambiri pazaluso komanso mapangidwe, ndipo zitoliro zojambulazo nthawi zambiri zimajambulidwa ndi maluwa okongola ndi maski owopsa.
Zida izi zimakhala ndi zovuta zina kapena zolembera zomwe zimatchedwa mbalame zazing'ono, ng'oma, mabelu, mabelu, siren, ndi zina zambiri. Yoyamba imakhala ndi zitoliro zazing'ono zomizidwa mu chidebe ndi madzi, pomwe zimayambitsa zimatsanzira kulira kwa mbalame. Malembedwe a belu amapangidwa ndi mabelu angapo omwe amenyedwa ndi nyundo zazing'ono zoyikidwa pagudumu lozungulira.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa ziwalo kumasiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wamapangidwe amatchalitchi, ma parishi kapena ma cathedral. Mwambiri, titha kuyankhula za nthawi zitatu pakumanga kwazipembedzo munthawi ya atsamunda, pakati pa 1521 ndi 1810. Gawo lirilonse la izi limakhudza miyambo ya nyimbo ndipo chifukwa chake kuyika ziwalo pa ndege yomanga.
Nthawi yoyamba imafikira kuyambira 1530 mpaka 1580 ndipo imafanana ndikumanga nyumba za amonke kapena nyumba za amonke, pomwe kwayala ili munyumba yosanja pamwamba pachipata chachikulu cha kachisi, gululo limapezeka m'malo ocheperako mbali imodzi. a kwayala, chitsanzo chapamwamba ndikukhazikitsidwa kwa limba ku Yanhuitlán, Oaxaca.
M'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri tidapeza chitukuko pakupanga ma cathedral akulu (1630-1680), yokhala ndi kwayala yapakati nthawi zambiri yokhala ndi ziwalo ziwiri, imodzi mbali ya uthenga ndipo inayo mbali ya kalata, iyi ndi nkhani yamatchalitchi akuluakulu. ochokera ku Mexico City ndi Puebla. M'zaka za zana la 18th kutuluka kwa ma parishi ndi ma basilicas zidachitika, pamenepo tikupezanso limba m'kwaya pamwamba pa khomo lalikulu, lomwe nthawi zambiri limalumikizidwa kumpoto kapena kumwera khoma. Zina kupatula ndi tchalitchi cha Santa Prisca ku Taxco, Guerrero kapena mpingo wa Mpingo, mumzinda wa Querétaro, pomwe limba limakhala kwaya yakumtunda, moyang'anizana ndi guwa la nsembe.
Munthawi ya atsamunda ngakhale m'zaka za zana la 19 panali kufalikira kwakukulu kwa zamoyo zaluso, zomanga ndi zokambirana ku Mexico. Kukonza zida zinali ntchito yanthawi zonse. Kumapeto kwa zaka za 19th komanso makamaka m'zaka za zana la 20, Mexico idayamba kutumiza ziwalo kuchokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana, makamaka ochokera ku Germany ndi Italy. Kumbali inayi, ufumu wamagetsi wamagetsi (ma foni amagetsi) udayamba kufalikira, chifukwa chake luso lazamoyo lidatsika kwambiri, ndikusunga ziwalo zomwe zilipo. Vuto lomwe limayambitsidwa ku Mexico ziwalo zamagetsi (ziwalo zamafakitale) ndikuti zidapanga m'badwo wonse wamagulu opanga mafakitale, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zizisiyana ndi machitidwe ndi njira zoperekera ziwalo zamararo.
Chidwi pakuphunzira ndikusunga ziwalo zam'mbuyomu kumadza chifukwa chotsatira chakubwezeretsanso nyimbo zoyambirira ku Europe, gululi litha kuyikidwa pafupifupi pakati pa makumi asanu ndi makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu makumi asanu ndi limodzi am'zaka za zana lino, likudzutsa chidwi kwa oyimba, oyimba, ojambula ndi akatswiri a zoimba padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, ku Mexico mpaka posachedwapa tayamba kuyang'ana kwambiri pamavuto osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito, kusungidwa, ndikuwunikanso cholowa ichi.
Masiku ano, momwe dziko lapansi limasungira chiwalo chakale ndikuligwiritsa ntchito mwakhama, ndikufotokozera momwe zinthu zakale zimakhalira ndikubwezeretsanso momwe zimakhalira kuti apulumutse chida chodalirika komanso choyenera cha nthawi yake, popeza chiwalo chilichonse ndi chimodzi, Bungweli palokha, chifukwa chake, chidutswa chapadera, chosabwereza.
Chiwalo chilichonse ndi mboni yofunikira m'mbiri momwe zimatheka kupezanso gawo lofunikira pazakale zathu zaluso komanso zikhalidwe. Ndizomvetsa chisoni kunena kuti tikukumanabe ndi zobwezeretsa zina zomwe nthawi zina zimasinthidwa mwanjira imeneyi, chifukwa zimangokhala "kuzipangitsa kulira", zimakhala zosintha zenizeni, kapena zosintha zosasinthika. Ndikofunikira kupewa zamoyo zamtunduwu, zokhala ndi zolinga zabwino, koma popanda maphunziro aukadaulo, pitilizani kulowererapo zida zamakedzana.
Ndizowona kuti kubwezeretsa ziwalo zakale kuyeneranso kutanthauza kubwezeretsanso maluso amanja, zaluso komanso zaluso za anthu aku Mexico pantchito yamoyo, iyi ndiyo njira yokhayo yotsimikizirira kusungidwa kwa zida. Momwemonso, kuyimba ndi kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera kuyenera kuyambiranso. Nkhani yosunga cholowa ichi ku Mexico ndi yaposachedwa komanso yovuta. Kwa zaka makumi ambiri, zida izi sizinasamaliridwe chifukwa chosowa chidwi komanso zinthu zina, zomwe zinali zabwino, chifukwa zina zambiri sizinasinthe. Ziwalozo ndizolemba zochititsa chidwi zaluso ndi chikhalidwe ku Mexico.
Mexican Academy of Early Music for Organ, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1990, ndi bungwe lapadera pakuphunzira, kusunga ndikuwunikanso cholowa cha ziwalo zamitundu ya ku Mexico. Pachaka imakonza masukulu apadziko lonse lapansi a nyimbo zakale komanso limba la Baroque Organ. Iye ndiye amachititsa magazini yoyamba yofalitsa zamoyo ku Mexico. Mamembala ake amatenga nawo mbali pamakonsati, pamisonkhano, kujambula, ndi zina zambiri. ya nyimbo zachikoloni zaku Mexico.
