Kugonjetsedwa kwa Oaxaca kunali kwamtendere, popeza ambuye a Zapotec ndi a Mixtec amaganiza kuti apeza ku Europe omwe adzagwirizane nawo kuti agonjetse Aaziteki.
Kumbali inayi, magulu ena monga Zapotecs aku Sierra, a Chontales makamaka ma Mixes adatsutsa ndikuchita zigawengazo. Atapambana ndipo adakali m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi, aku Spain adalanditsa amwenyewo malo awo, ndikuloleza izi kudzera m'makampani, magulu opatsirana omwe adaperekedwa ndi mfumu, motero, kuyambira pachiyambi cha kugonjetsedwa kwa Spain, kusalinganika ndi kusagwirizana komwe kungachitike pakati pa anthu aku Spain ndi achikhalidwe.
Kuzunzidwa ndi atsamunda kunachuluka kwambiri kotero kuti gawo lalikulu la ntchito yomwe a Audiencias awiri ndi Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza cholinga chake chinali kuchepetsa mphamvu ya Marquis waku Valle de Oaxaca, Hernán Cortés, ndi encomenderos. Chifukwa chake adalimbikitsa kulimbikitsa ulamuliro wachifumu ndichifukwa chake Malamulo Atsopano (1542) adalengezedwa ndikupanga kayendetsedwe kovuta. Ntchito yolalikira m'dera la Mixtec ndi Zapotec inali ntchito ya akuluakulu aku Dominican omwe adamanga, ndi ntchito zachilengedwe, mipingo yotsogola komanso malo okhala m'malo okhala anthu ambiri, monga City of Antequera, Yanhuitián ndi Cuilapan. .
Kugonjetsa kwauzimu kunali kopitilira muyeso komanso mwachiwawa kuposa nkhondoyo. Pofuna kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa anthu, olandawo adasunga, ndikusintha, nyumba zina zakomweko kotero kuti ena mwa mafumu a Chigwa cha Oaxaca ndi Mixteca Alta adakwanitsa kusunga mwayi ndi malo akale; M'malo mwake, kuti atembenuzire anthu aku America kukhala Chikhristu, amishonalewa adayesetsa kuwononga chilichonse chazipembedzo zamdziko lakale la Spain.
Ngakhale kuchepa kwa anthu, chifukwa cha miliri ndi nkhanza, zaka za zana la 16 zidakhala zokula kwachuma chifukwa chokhazikitsa njira, mbewu ndi mitundu yatsopano. Mwachitsanzo, ku Mixteca, phindu lalikulu lidapezeka chifukwa chodyedwa ndi mbozi za silika, ng'ombe ndi tirigu. Kukula kwa msika wamatawuni ndi migodi kudathandizira kuti izi zikule.
Komabe, izi zidasokonekera chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe migodi idakumana nazo kuyambira 1590. Malonda pakati pa Seville ndi America adachepa ndipo kuchepa kwa anthu kudapangitsa kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa matawuni kucheke ndipo ogwira nawo ntchito adachepetsedwa.
M'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri, kukhumudwa kwachuma kudali pomwe adafotokozera momwe atsamunda adakhazikitsidwira, dongosolo lolamulira lidalumikizidwa, ndipo njira zachuma zomwe zimadalira zidakhazikitsidwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yodziyimira payokha komanso kuyika pakati malonda kudodometsa chitukuko chachuma m'zigawo, ndikupangitsa madera olemera ngati Chigwa cha Oaxaca kutsogolera chuma chawo kudzidalira ngakhale kufunikira kwa kupanga ndi kugulitsa koko, indigo ndi cochineal. .
Kale mu theka lachiwiri la zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri, chuma cha New Spain chidayamba kuyenda bwino: kupanga migodi kudayambanso, malonda ndi Central America ndi Peru adaloledwa kachiwiri, ndipo nzika zaku India zidayamba kubwerera. Panthawiyi, anthu a ku Spain omwe amakhala ku Mixteca ndi m'chigwa cha Oaxaca adadzipereka ku ziweto zambiri ndipo ma haciendas adakwanitsa kuphatikiza tirigu ndi chimanga ndi kuweta ng'ombe. Chuma chamakoloni chidakonzedwanso pakati pa 1660 ndi 1692, ndikukhazikitsa maziko azaka za Chidziwitso.
New Spain ikukula ndikukula mu M'badwo wa Chidziwitso. Gawoli likuwonjezeka kawiri, kuchuluka kwa anthu, komanso kufunika kwachuma kasanu ndi kamodzi. Chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha kupita patsogolo kumeneku chikuwonetsedwa mu migodi, gawo lalikulu lazachuma lomwe, pomwe anali akadali akapolo, adayamba kugwira ntchito 3,300,000 pesos mu 1670 mpaka 27,000,000 mu 1804.
Kupambana kwa New Spain kumawonetsedwa pantchito yomanga yayikulu ndipo ikusefukira muulemerero wa Baroque, ndipamene ku Antequera adamanga, mwazinthu zina, Chapel of the Rosary of the Church of Santo Domingo, Church of the Soledad, San Agustín ndi Consolación.
M'zaka za zana la 18 anali zaka zakusintha kwakusintha kwandale ndi zachuma kochitidwa ndi mafumu a Bourbon.
Pofika 1800, Mexico idakhala dziko lolemera mopitilira muyeso komanso umphawi wadzaoneni, anthu ambiri anali omangidwa ndi ma haciendas ndi ma communes, amachitiridwa nkhanza m'malo antchito, akapolo m'migodi ndi mphero, opanda ufulu, opanda ndalama. ndipo opanda mwayi woti asinthe.
Anthu aku Spain omwe adakhazikika anali olamulira andale; Zinthu zotere zakusagwirizana pakati pa anthu, zachuma komanso ndale zidakulitsa mikangano komanso kusakhutira. Mbali inayi, kukhudzidwa kwa zochitika monga French Revolution, kudziyimira pawokha kwa United States ndi English Industrial Revolution kugwedeza zikumbumtima zaku America ndipo lingaliro la Independence of New Spain likuyamba kuumba ma Creole.
