Ndani angatsutse kuti zithunzi za Hugo Brehme zimakhudza mitu yaku Mexico? Mwa iwo dziko ladziko limawonetsedwa m'mapiri ake ndi mapiri; zomangamanga m'mabwinja akale ndi mizinda yamakoloni; ndipo anthu, mu charros, Chinas Poblanas ndi Amwenye ovala zovala zoyera.
2004 ikukumbukira zaka 50 za Hugo Brehme, wolemba zithunzizi. Ngakhale adachokera ku Germany, adapanga kujambula ku Mexico, komwe adakhalako kuyambira 1906 mpaka kumwalira kwake mu 1954. Lero ali ndi malo ofunikira m'mbiri yathu yojambula chifukwa cha zopereka zake pagulu lotchedwa Pictorialism, wonyozeka ndipo pafupifupi aiwalika kwanthawi yayitali. , koma izi zikuwunikanso masiku athu ano.
Kuchokera pazithunzi, zomwe zimachokera ku San Luis Potosí kupita ku Quintana Roo, tikudziwa kuti Brehme amayenda pafupifupi dera lonselo. Anayamba kufalitsa zithunzi zake mzaka khumi zoyambirira za 20th century, ku El Mundo Ilustrado komanso masabata ena odziwika bwino ku Mexico masiku amenewo. Anayambanso kugulitsa makadi achithunzi otchuka pazaka khumi zapitazi ndipo pofika mu 1917 National Geographic inapempha kuti afotokozere magazini awo. M'zaka za m'ma 1920, adafalitsa buku la Mexico Picturesque m'zinenero zitatu, zomwe zinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi buku lojambula zithunzi zomwe zinali ndi ntchito yabwino yolimbikitsira dziko lake lomulandira, koma zomwe zidamutsimikizira kuti chuma chake chikhazikika. Analandira imodzi mwa mphotho ku Exhibition of Mexico Photographers ku 1928. Zaka khumi zotsatira zidagwirizana ndikuphatikizidwa kwake monga wojambula zithunzi komanso mawonekedwe ake pa Mapa. Tourism Magazine, kalozera yemwe adapempha dalaivala kuti akhale wapaulendo ndikuyenda m'misewu ya chigawo cha Mexico. Momwemonso, zomwe adachita kwa ojambula pambuyo pake zimadziwika, mwa iwo Manuel Álvarez Bravo.
MALO OTHANDIZA NDIPONSO KUKONDA ANTHU
Zoposa theka la zojambula zomwe timadziwa za Brehme lero zadzipereka kumalo owoneka bwino, achikondi omwe amatenga malo akulu ndi malo akumlengalenga, wolowa m'malo mwa zojambula zakale za m'zaka za zana la 19, ndipo izi zikuwonetsa ulemu, makamaka kumapiri, omwe chidziwika bwino.
Munthu akapezeka pazithunzizi, timamuwona akuchepetsedwa ndi mathithi ambiri kapena akaganizira kukula kwa mapiriwo.
Mawonekedwewa amathandizanso kuti azilemba zotsalira za m'mabwinja ndi zipilala zachikoloni, monga mboni zam'mbuyomu zomwe zimawoneka zolemekezeka komanso zopitilira muyeso nthawi zonse.
KUYIMBIKITSA KAPENA STEREOTYPES
Chithunzicho chinali gawo laling'ono pakupanga kwake ndipo chidatenga ambiri m'chigawo cha Mexico; Kuposa zithunzi zowona, amapanga ziwonetsero kapena malingaliro olakwika. Kwa iwo, ana omwe amawonekera nthawi zonse amakhala ochokera kumidzi ndipo amapezeka ngati zotsalira za chitukuko chakale, chomwe chidapulumuka mpaka nthawi imeneyo. Zithunzi za moyo wamtendere, pomwe amachita zochitika masiku ano monga zomwe zimakhalako, monga kunyamula madzi, kuweta ng'ombe kapena kuchapa zovala; palibe chosiyana ndi zomwe C.B. Waite ndi W. Scott, ojambula omwe adalipo iye asanabadwe, omwe zithunzi za anthu achilengedwe zosonyezedwa ku situ zidafotokozedwa bwino.
Ku Brehme, amuna ndi akazi, okha kapena m'magulu, amawonekera nthawi zambiri m'malo owonekera panja ndipo zinthu zina zimawonedwa ngati aku Mexico monga nkhadze, nopal, kasupe wachikoloni kapena kavalo. Amwenye am'midzi ndi ma mestizo amationa ngati ogulitsa m'misika, abusa kapena oyenda pansi omwe amayenda m'misewu yamatauni ndi m'mizinda, koma chosangalatsa kwambiri ndi amestizo omwe amanyadira chovala cha charro.
ZINTHU ZINA M'ZAKA ZA M'MA 20
Amayi nthawi zambiri amawoneka ovala ngati Chinese Puebla. Lero palibe amene akudziwa kuti chovala cha "poblana", monga Madame Calderón de la Barca adachitchulira mu 1840, chinali ndi tanthauzo loyipa m'zaka za zana la 19, pomwe zimawoneka ngati akazi omwe ali ndi "mbiri yokayikitsa". Pofika zaka makumi awiri, azimayi achi China aku Puebla adakhala zizindikiritso zadziko, kotero kuti pazithunzi za Brehme zikuyimira dziko la Mexico, lokongola komanso lonyenga.
Zovala za china poblana ndi charro ndi gawo la "wamba" wazaka za zana la 20, zomwe timakonda kukhala "aku Mexico" ndipo ngakhale m'masukulu oyambira kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kwakhala koyenera kwa kuvina kwa zikondwerero za ana . Zotsutsana zimabwerera m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, koma zidatengedwa mzaka za m'ma 20 ndi 30 pomwe kudziwika kunkafunidwa m'miyambo isanachitike ku Spain ndi atsamunda, koposa zonse, pakuphatikizika kwa zikhalidwe zonse ziwiri, kukweza mestizo, yomwe ingayimire china poblana.
ZIZINDIKIRO ZA NATIONAL
Ngati tiwona chithunzi chotchedwa Amorous Colloquium, tiwona banja la mestizo lozunguliridwa ndi zinthu zomwe kuyambira zaka khumi zachiwiri zapitazi ndizofunika ngati Mexico. Ndi charro, yemwe sasowa masharubu, ali ndi malingaliro opatsa chidwi koma osyasyalika kwa mkaziyo, yemwe amavala chovala chodziwika bwino, adakhazikika pa kactus. Koma, ngakhale atamandidwe motani, ndi ndani amene amasankha kukwera kapena kudalira kambuku? Mwina m'mafilimu, kutsatsa ndi zithunzi zomwe zimapanga masomphenya awa a "waku Mexico", omwe lero ndi gawo lamalingaliro athu.
Ngati tibwereranso kujambula, tidzapeza zinthu zina zomwe zimalimbikitsa kapangidwe kazithunzi ngakhale sitikugwirizana ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, akumidzi ndi akumatauni: mutu wa azimayi, mu mafashoni azaka za m'ma 20 ndipo zikuwoneka ngati zikuthandizira zoluka zabodza zomwe sizinamalize kuluka; nsapato za suede?; kapangidwe ka mathalauza ndi nsapato za omwe amati ndi charro ... ndipo titha kupitiliza.
M'BADWO WA Golide
Mosakayikira, m'maganizo mwathu tili ndi chithunzi chakuda ndi choyera cha nthawi ya kanema waku Mexico, komanso malo akunja komwe timazindikira malo a Brehme akuyenda, olandidwa ndi mandala a Gabriel Figueroa kuchuluka kwa matepi omwe amayang'anira kukhazikika kwa dziko mkati ndi kunja kwa gawo la Mexico, ndipo omwe anali ndi zotsutsana ndi zithunzi ngati izi.
Titha kunena kuti Hugo Brehme adazijambula mzaka makumi atatu zoyambirira zam'zaka za zana la 20 zithunzi zopitilira zana za archetypal masiku ano, zomwe zikudziwikabe pamlingo wodziwika ngati woimira "waku Mexico". Zonsezi zikugwirizana ndi Suave Patria, wolemba Ramón López Velarde, yemwe mu 1921 adayamba ndikufuula ndikunena ndi epic yosungunuka, dziko lakwawo ndilabwino komanso lili ngati daimondi ...
Chitsime: Mexico Yosadziwika No. 329 / Julayi 2004
