A Mercedes de la Garza, ofufuza odziwika ku UNAM, akubwezeretsanso zomwe, atakhala mchipinda, wansembe wamkulu wa ku Mayan amafotokozera anzawo omwe adagwira nawo ntchito yolenga chilengedwe chonse ndi milungu.
Mumzinda waukulu wa Gumarcaah, yokhazikitsidwa ndi m'badwo wachisanu wa olamulira a Quiche, Ah-Gucumatz, wansembe wa mulungu "Serpent Quetzal" adatenga buku lopatulika kuchokera pakachisi wake ndikupita kubwalo, komwe mabanja akulu amderali adasonkhana, kuti awawerengere nkhani zoyambira, kuti awaphunzitse momwe chiyambi cha Chilichonse. Amayenera kudziwa ndikudziwitsa, mu kuya kwa mzimu wawo, kuti zomwe milungu idasankha pachiyambi pa nthawiyo inali chikhalidwe cha moyo wawo, inali njira yomwe anthu onse ayenera kutsatira.
Atakhala pakachisi pakati pa bwaloli, wansembeyo adati: "Ichi ndi chiyambi cha nkhani zakale za mtundu wa Quiché, kufotokozera zomwe zinali zobisika, nkhani ya Agogo ndi Agogo aakazi, zomwe adanena chiyambi cha moyo ”. Uwu ndiye Popol Vuh wopatulika, "Buku la anthu ammudzi", lomwe limafotokoza momwe kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi zidapangidwira ndi Mlengi ndi Mlengi, Amayi ndi Tate wa moyo, amene amapereka mpweya ndi kulingalira, amene amabala ana, amene amayang'anira chisangalalo cha mibadwo ya anthu, wochenjera, amene amasinkhasinkha za ubwino wa zonse zomwe zilipo kumwamba, padziko lapansi, m'nyanja ndi m'nyanja ".
Kenako anatambasula bukulo, n'kusunga chinsalu, n'kuyamba kuwerenga kuti: “Chilichonse chinali chokaikiritsa, zonse zinali bata, mwakachetechete; zonse zosayenda, chete, ndikutulutsa thambo ... Panalibe munthu kapena nyama, mbalame, nsomba, nkhanu, mitengo, miyala, mapanga, zigwa, zitsamba kapena nkhalango: kumwamba kokha kunalipo. Nkhope ya dziko lapansi inali isanawonekere. Panali nyanja yamtendere yokha ndi thambo lonse lokulitsa kwake ... Kunangoyenda komanso kukhala chete mumdima, usiku. Mlengi yekha, Mlengi, Tepeu Gucumatz, a Progenitors, anali m'madzi ozunguliridwa ndi kuwonekera bwino. Zinabisika pansi pa nthenga zobiriwira komanso zamtambo, ndichifukwa chake amatchedwa Gucumatz (Serpent-Quetzal). Mwanjira imeneyi padali kumwamba komanso Mtima Wakumwamba, womwe ndi dzina la Mulungu ”.
Ansembe ena adayatsa moto pachofukizira, adayika maluwa ndi zitsamba zonunkhira, ndikukonzekera zinthu zamwambo, popeza kufotokoza komwe kunayambira, pamalo opatulikawo, omwe amayimira likulu la dziko lapansi, amalimbikitsa kukonzanso moyo ; chilengedwe chopatulika chikanabwerezedwa ndipo onse omwe atenga nawo mbali adzipeza okha padziko lapansi ngati kuti anali atangobadwa kumene, oyeretsedwa ndi kudalitsidwa ndi milungu. Ansembe ndi akazi achikulire adakhala chete akupemphera mozungulira Ah-Gucumatz, pomwe Ah-Gucumatz adapitiliza kuwerenga bukulo.
Mawu a mkulu wansembe adalongosola momwe khonsolo ya milungu idaganizira kuti dziko lapansi likakhazikitsidwa Dzuwa litatuluka, munthu adzawonekera, ndipo adafotokoza momwe mawu a milungu adadzuka, mwaukadaulo, ndi zamatsenga, dziko lidatuluka kuchokera madzi: "Dziko lapansi, adatero, ndipo nthawi yomweyo adapangidwa." Nthawi yomweyo mapiri ndi mitengo zinakwera, nyanja ndi mitsinje zinapangidwa. ndipo dziko lapansi lidadzazidwa ndi nyama, pakati pawo pali oyang'anira mapiri. Mbalame, mbawala, jaguar, puma, njoka zinawonekera, ndipo nyumba zawo zinagawidwa kwa iwo. Mtima Wakumwamba ndi Mtima Wadziko lapansi zidakondwera, milungu yomwe idachulukitsa dziko lapansi pomwe kumwamba kudayimitsidwa ndipo dziko lapansi lidamizidwa m'madzi.
Milungu idapereka mawu nyama ndipo adawafunsa zomwe akudziwa za olenga ndi za iwo eni; iwo anapempha kuti awazindikire ndi kuwalemekeza. Koma nyamazo zinkangodzikweza, kubangula ndi kulira; Sanathe kuyankhula ndipo anaweruzidwa kuti aphedwe ndi kudyedwa. Kenako ozilenga adati: "Tiyeni tsopano tiyese kupanga zinthu zomvera, zolemekeza zomwe zimatisamalira ndi kutidyetsa, zomwe zimatipembedza": ndipo adapanga munthu wamatope. A Ah-Gucumatz adalongosola kuti: "Koma adawona kuti silinali bwino, chifukwa lidagwa, linali lofewa, silinayende, linalibe mphamvu, linagwa, linali lamadzi, silinasunthire mutu, nkhope yake idapita mbali imodzi, inali kuphimba mawonekedwe. Poyamba adayankhula, koma samazindikira. Mwachangu idanyowa m'madzi ndipo sinathe kuyimirira ”.
Anthu aku Gumarcaah, mwaulemu atakhala mozungulira gulu la ansembe, adamvetsera mwachidwi nkhani ya Ah-Gucumatz, yemwe mawu ake owoneka bwino amveka pabwaloli, ngati kuti anali liwu lakutali la milungu yopanga pomwe adapanga chilengedwe chonse. Adasinthanso, adasuntha, mphindi zabwino za komwe adachokera, akudziyesa yekha ngati ana enieni a Mlengi ndi Mlengi, Amayi ndi Atate wazonse zomwe zilipo.
Achinyamata ena, okhala m'nyumba momwe anyamata, kuyambira paubwana wawo wachikondwerero omwe adakondwerera ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zitatu, adaphunzira ntchito yaunsembe, adabweretsa mbale zina zamadzi oyera kuchokera pachitsime pafupi kuti athane ndi khosi la wolemba nkhani wopatulika. Anapitiliza kuti:
"Kenako milunguyo idafunsira kwa alauli Ixpiyacoc ndi Ixmucané, Agogo aakazi a Tsikuli, Agogo a ku Dawn: -Tiyenera kupeza njira kuti munthu yemwe timupange, atisunge ndi kutidyetsa, atipemphe ndi kutikumbukira. ndipo amatsenga adachita maere ndi mbewu za chimanga ndi mabulu, ndipo adauza milunguyo kuti ipange amuna matabwa. Nthawi yomweyo amuna matabwa adawonekera, omwe amafanana ndi munthu, adayankhula ngati munthu ndikuberekana, nadzaza pankhope ya dziko lapansi; koma analibe mzimu kapena kumvetsetsa, sanakumbukire omwe adawapanga, amayenda opanda diamondi ndikukwawa zonse zinayi. Iwo analibe magazi, chinyezi, kapena mafuta; anali ouma. Sanakumbukire Mtima Wazungulira ndichifukwa chake adagwa pachisomo. Kunali kokha kuyesa kupanga amuna, wansembeyo anati.
Kenako Mtima Wakumwamba unabweretsa chigumula chachikulu chomwe chinawononga ziwerengero za ndodo. Utomoni wochuluka unagwa kuchokera kumwamba ndipo amunawo anaukiridwa ndi nyama zachilendo, ndipo agalu awo, miyala, timitengo, mitsuko yawo, matumba awo anatembenukira kwa iwo, chifukwa cha ntchito yomwe anawapatsa, monga chilango chosazindikira ozilenga. Agaluwo adati kwa iwo: "" Chifukwa chiyani sanatidyetse? Tidali osayang'ana pang'ono ndipo anali kutiponya kale kuchokera kumbali yawo ndikutiponyera kunja. Nthawi zonse anali ndi ndodo yoti atimenyetse akamadya ... sitinathe kuyankhula… Tsopano tawononga iwe ”. Ndipo akuti, wansembeyo adamaliza, kuti mbadwa za amuna amenewo ndi anyani omwe alipo tsopano m'nkhalango; Izi ndi zitsanzo za izi, chifukwa matupi awo okha ndi omwe amapangidwa ndi Mlengi ndi Wopanga.
Pofotokoza nkhani yakutha kwa dziko lachiwiri, ya amuna matabwa a Popol Vuh, Amaya ena ochokera kumadera akutali kwambiri ndi Gumarcaah wakale, wansembe wa Chumayel, pachilumba cha Yucatan, adalemba polemba momwe nthawi yachiwiri inathera komanso momwe chilengedwe chatsatirachi chidapangidwira, chomwe chimakhala nyumba za amuna owona:
Ndipo, kamodzi kokha, madzi adabwera. Ndipo pamene Njoka Yaikulu (chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chakumwamba) idabedwa, thambo lidagwa ndipo nthaka idamira. Kotero… Bacab Anai (milungu yosunga thambo) idafafaniza zonse. Nthawi yomwe kutsalako kudatha, adayimirira m'malo awo kuti alamulire amuna achikasuwo ... Ndipo Amayi Akulu a Ceiba adadzuka, pokumbukira chiwonongeko cha dziko lapansi. Anakhala tsonga ndikukweza galasi lake, ndikupempha masamba osatha. ndipo adaitana Mbuye wake ndi nthambi zake ndi mizu yake ”. Kenako mitengo inayi ya ceiba yomwe imathandizira kumwamba ndi mbali zinayi za chilengedwe idakwezedwa: wakuda, kumadzulo; yoyera kumpoto; ofiira kum'mawa ndi achikaso kumwera. Dziko lapansi, motero, ndi lokongola kaleidoscope mu kuyenda kosatha.
Njira zinayi zakuthambo zimatsimikizika pakuyenda kwa dzuwa ndi dzuwa (ma equinox ndi solstices); Magawo anayi awa akuphatikiza ndege zitatu zowoneka zakuthambo: kumwamba, dziko lapansi, ndi dziko lapansi. Thambo limaganiziridwa ngati piramidi yayikulu yazigawo khumi ndi zitatu, pamwamba pake pomwe mulungu wamkulu amakhala, Itzamná Kinich Ahau, "Dragon Lord of the eye eye", wodziwika ndi Dzuwa pachimake. Kumanda kunalingaliridwa ngati piramidi yosandulika ya zigawo zisanu ndi zinayi; otsika kwambiri, otchedwa Xibalba, amakhala kwa mulungu wa imfa, Ah puch, "El Descamado", kapena Kisin, "The Flatulent", wodziwika ndi Dzuwa ku nadir kapena Dzuwa lakufa, Pakati pa mapiramidi awiriwa ndi dziko lapansi, lopangidwa ngati mbale ya quadrangular, malo okhala munthu, komwe kutsutsana kwa zotsutsana zazikulu ziwiri zaumulungu kumathetsedwa mogwirizana. Pakatikati pa chilengedwe chonse, ndiye pakati pa dziko lapansi, momwe munthu amakhala. Koma kodi mwamuna weniweni ndi ndani, amene angazindikire, kupembedza ndi kudyetsa milunguyo; amene adzakhala injini ya chilengedwe chonse?
Tiyeni tibwerere ku Gumarcaah ndikumvera kupitiliza kwa nkhani yopatulika ya Ah-Gucumatz:
Pambuyo pa kuwonongedwa kwa dziko la amuna amitengo, Opanga adati: "Nthawi yakum'mawa yafika, yoti ntchito ithe ndipo kuti iwo adzatisamalira ndi kutisamalira, ana owunikiridwa, otukuka otukuka awonekere; kuti munthu, umunthu, kuoneka padziko lapansi ". Ndipo atasinkhasinkha ndi kukambirana, adapeza zomwe akuyenera kupanga munthu: the chimanga. Nyama zosiyanasiyana zidathandizira milunguyo pobweretsa ngala za chimanga kuchokera kumtunda wochuluka, Paxil ndi Cayalá; nyama izi zinali Yac, mphaka wakuthengo; Utiú, mphalapala; Quel, parrot, ndi Hoh, khwangwala.
Agogo aakazi Ixmucané anakonza zakumwa zisanu ndi zinayi ndi chimanga chapansi, kuthandiza milungu kupanga munthu: “Nyama yawo idapangidwa kuchokera ku chimanga chachikaso, kuchokera ku chimanga choyera; manja ndi miyendo ya mwamunayo zidapangidwa ndi mtanda wa chimanga. Mkate wa chimanga wokha ndi womwe udalowa mthupi la abambo athu, amuna anayi omwe adapangidwa.
Amuna amenewo, a Ah-Gucumatz, adatchulidwa Balam-Quitzé (Jaguar-Quiché), Balam-Acab (Usiku Usiku), Mahucutah (Palibe) e Iqui Balam (Mphepo-nyamazi). “Ndipo pakuwoneka mawonekedwe a anthu, iwo anali amuna; amalankhula, amayankhula, amawona, amva, amayenda, amasunga zinthu; anali amuna abwino ndi okongola ndipo mawonekedwe awo anali amunthu.
Anapatsidwanso nzeru ndi maso abwino, omwe amavumbula nzeru zopanda malire. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yomweyo adazindikira ndikupembedza Ozilenga. Koma adazindikira kuti ngati amuna anali angwiro sakanazindikira kapena kupembedza milunguyo, akanakhala ofanana nawo ndipo sakanayambanso kufalikira. Ndipo, wansembeyo adati, "Mtima Wakumwamba udawakonzera nkhungu m'maso, omwe adasokonekera ngati kuphulika kwa mwezi pagalasi. Maso awo anali ataphimbidwa ndipo amangowona zomwe zili pafupi, koma izi zinali zowonekera kwa iwo ”.
Potero adawachepetsa amunawo kukhala gawo lawo lenileni, gawo la umunthu, akazi awo adalengedwa. "Iwo anabala amuna, mafuko ang'onoang'ono ndi mafuko akuluakulu, ndipo anali chiyambi chathu, a: anthu a Quiché."
Mafuko adachulukana ndipo mumdima adalunjika Tulán, kumene analandira mafano a milungu yawo. Mmodzi wa iwo, Zojambula, anawapatsa moto ndikuwaphunzitsa kupereka nsembe kuti athandizire milungu. Kenako, atavala zikopa za nyama ndipo atanyamula milungu yawo kumbuyo kwawo, adapita kukadikirira pamwamba pa phiri kukadikira Dzuwa latsopano, m'bandakucha wa dziko lino. Choyamba chinawonekera Nobok Ek, nyenyezi yayikulu yammawa, yolengeza kubwera kwa Dzuwa. Amunawo adayatsa zonunkhira ndikupereka zoperekazo. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo Dzuwa lidatuluka, lotsatiridwa ndi Mwezi ndi nyenyezi. "Zinyama zazing'ono ndi zazikulu zidakondwera," atero a Ah-Gucumatz, "ndipo adadzuka m'zigwa za mitsinje, zigwa ndi pamwamba pa mapiri; Onse anayang'ana kumene kutuluka dzuwa Kenako mkango ndi nyalugwe zinabangula ... ndipo chiwombankhanga, chiwombankhanga cha mfumu, mbalame zazing'ono ndi mbalame zazikulu zinatambasula mapiko awo. Nthawi yomweyo dziko lapansi linauma chifukwa cha Dzuwa. ” Umu ndi momwe nkhani ya mkulu wa ansembe inathera.
Potsanzira mafuko oyamba aja, onse okhala ku Gumarcaah adakweza nyimbo yotamanda Dzuwa ndi milungu ya Mlengi, komanso makolo oyamba aja omwe, adasinthidwa kukhala zolengedwa zaumulungu, adawateteza kudera lakumwamba. Maluwa, zipatso ndi nyama zimaperekedwa, ndipo wansembe woperekayo, Ah Nacom.
