Ngakhale ili pakadali pano pali njira zazikulu komanso zamakono, dera la Santa María likupitilizabe kusunga ngodya zambiri zomwe zimatiuza za akale achi Porfirian akale
Nyumba za Liberty, minda ndi misewu yoyenda bwino yomwe imakokedwa kudera la Santa María la Rivera, ku Mexico City, ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimatilola kuti tiwunikire mamangidwe am'masiku otsiriza achi Porfirian.
Dera lomwe kale linali lodziwika bwino tsopano lidayikidwa ndi Instituto Técnico Industrial, Insurgentes Norte, Río Consulado ndi Rivera de San Cosme, misewu yonse yachangu komanso yamakono yomwe ikusiyana ndi lingaliro la kupita patsogolo komwe kunalipo panthawi yomwe Santa María idakhazikitsidwa. .
Ndipo poyambira, titha kunena kuti pa msewu wa Jaime Torres Bodet, nambala 176, pali nyumba ya Art Nouveau yomwe mawindo ake otsogola omwe akuwonetsa mawonekedwe amitundu yonse akuwonetsera kalembedwe kachi French. Ndi Museum of the Geology Institute ya UNAM. Zojambulazo zimakhala ndi ntchito yosangalatsa yolemba miyala, yomwe zithunzi zawo zimawonetsa zipolopolo ndi zotsalira zazomera, komanso ma ammonite pansi pa zipilala zitatu pakhomo. Mnyumba yolandirira alendo, masitepe oyenda bwino awiri okongoletsedwa - okongoletsedwa ndi maluwa ndi masamba a acanthus owoneka bwino amawonetsedwa pamiyala yamiyala chifukwa cha kuwala kofalitsika ndi dome lalikulu padenga lake.
Kukhalapo kwa nyumbayi kumachitika chifukwa cha Geological Commission yaku Mexico, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa pa Meyi 26, 1886 ndipo patadutsa zaka zingapo idakhazikitsidwa ngati Institute, yomwe idawona kuti ndikofunikira kuti apange likulu lodziwitsa nthambi iyi ndikulamula kuti nyumbayo imangidwe.
Ntchitoyi inali kuyang'anira katswiri wa sayansi ya nthaka José Guadalupe Aguilera ndi katswiri wa zomangamanga Carlos Herrera López. Yoyamba idapanga ma laboratories ndi zipinda zowonetserako kwamuyaya ndipo yachiwiri inali yoyang'anira ntchito yomanga yokha.
Chifukwa chake, mu 1900 mwala woyamba wa nyumbayo udayikidwa ndipo mu Seputembara 1906 adatsegulidwa mwalamulo. Pa Novembala 16, 1929, idakhala gawo la National University pomwe kudziyimira pawokha kudalengezedwa ndipo mu 1956, Institute of Geology itasamukira ku University City, idangokhala ngati nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale. Kusintha kwatsopano kumeneku kunatsogozedwa ndi wopanga mapulani a Herrera ndi Antonio del Castillo.
Nyumbayi ili ndi cholowa chonse cha sayansi m'maphunziro oyamba m'munda uno: zosonkhanitsa mchere ndi zotsalira zakale, zitsanzo za zinyama ndi zomera zamadera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi, komanso zojambula zingapo za José María Velasco. Pali zojambula zinayi zopangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe, monga zifanizo zolembedwa mu biology, zikuwonetsa kusinthika kwa zamoyo zam'madzi ndi zakontinenti kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka mawonekedwe a munthu.
Mwanjira imeneyi, Velasco adakwanitsa kupanga malingaliro asayansi ndi nzeru za Positivism kudzera muukadaulo wake wamaphunziro ndi zachilengedwe, ndikufotokozera mwachidule mu ntchito yake lingaliro lalikulu la "kupita patsogolo" m'zaka za zana la 19.
Chipinda chachikulu cha nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale chimaperekedwa kwa paleontology. Imagwira pafupifupi 2 000 zinyama zam'mbali ndi zopanda mafupa ndipo imatsimikizira kukhalapo kwa mafupa akuluakulu a njovu ndi mafupa ena amphongo omwe tsopano atha. Mmodzi mwama kabati amitengo, omwe amakhalanso kuyambira nthawi ya Porfirian, mutha kuwona zitsanzo zamchere zomwe zikuwonetsa nyengo zosiyanasiyana m'mbiri yakusinthika kwa dziko lapansi. Ndikumbukiro lamiyala ya dziko lathu.
Pakhomo pa chipinda chochezera ndi pazitseko za pakhomo, chizindikiro cha Institute chidalembedwa. M'derali, otsogola amatsogola pamigodi ndipo chakumbuyo zenera lokongoletsa magalasi likuyimira mgodi wamchere wa Wieliczka, ku Poland.
Chipinda cha petrology chimaphatikizapo makhiristo osiyanasiyana a quartz ndi chopereka chochokera ku South Pole, kupita kuzinthu zomwe zikuwonetsa malamulo aphulika la Mexico. Kuphatikiza apo, pali miyala ingapo yamagneous, sedimentary ndi metamorphic, komanso miyala yopukutidwa yogwiritsa ntchito mafakitale ndi zokongoletsera.
M'chipinda chosungidwira mineralogy, mitundu yambiri yazinthu zochokera kumadera osiyanasiyana mdera lathu komanso akunja imawonetsedwa, yogawidwa molingana ndi mtundu wa wasayansi H. Strunz, yemwe mu 1938 adalamulira lamulo malinga ndi maziko chemistry ndi crystallography yazinthu zake. Miyala ya kukongola kosowa monga opal, ruby, talc, okenite ndi spurrite imapezekanso pano.
Kukondana kwamaphunziro ndi kutukuka kwa m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, zidasiya umboni wina wonena za kupita kwawo mdziko la Santa María. Pa nambala 10 Enrique González Martínez msewu, Chopo Museum lero ndi malo osaka kwatsopano pamunda wazikhalidwe. Kapangidwe kazitsulo kameneka kameneka kamakhala kamafashoni wamtundu wa jungend, ndipo adabweretsedwa kuchokera ku Germany ndipo adasonkhanitsidwa mu 1902 ndi mainjiniya a Luis Bacmeister, Aurelio Ruelas ndi Hugo Dorner, koma chifukwa cha zovuta zingapo mpaka 1910, ndikuwonetserako zaluso zaku Japan , pomwe idagwidwa koyamba.
Zaka zitatu pambuyo pake, El Chopo adakhala Museum of Natural History ndipo adakhalabe mpaka 1929, tsiku lomwe laibulale yake ndi zojambula zanyama zidasamutsidwa kupita pagombe la Lake Chapultepec.
Pambuyo pake, nyumbayi imayamba mkangano wautali wazamalamulo ndikuwonekera kwanthawi yayitali.
Mpaka mu 1973 pomwe UNAM yaganiza zobwezeretsanso ndikuyamba gawo lawo ngati malo azikhalidwe. Ntchito yokonzanso imatenga zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri ndipo amatsegulira malo ambiri owonera kanema, kuvina, zisudzo, nyimbo, zaluso zapulasitiki ndi malo osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, nyumbayi ili ndi mezzanine yayikulu ndi nyumba zitatu zochitira misonkhano yaying'ono.
Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, a Chopo adakhalabe amoyo pomwe pamakhala zokongoletsa za mibadwo yambiri. Ndi forum yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati thermometer pazomwe zaluso. Kumbali inayi, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakaleyi imatsegula zitseko zake kuchokera kumagulu kupita kumayiko akunja, motero amalimbikitsa kulumikizana pakati pa opanga zithunzi, kujambula, zoikamo, ziboliboli, ndi zina zambiri, komanso anthu wamba.
El Chopo ilinso ndi ojambula osatha, omwe mungakonde olemba monga Francisco Corzas, Pablo Amor, Nicholas Sperakis, Adolfo Patiño, Yolanda Meza ndi Artemio Sepúlveda.
Koma ngati Chopo Museum ili pachikhalidwe pachilumbachi, Alameda ndiye mtima wamakhalidwe amodzi. Ndipo ili ku Alameda komwe kuli Moorish Pavilion yotchuka, yomwe ikuyembekezeredwa ku New Orleans International Exposition yotsimikizika kuyambira Disembala 16, 1884 mpaka Meyi 1885.
Pambuyo pake, Pavilion iyi idachita nawo ziwonetsero zapadziko lonse ku Paris, ndipo pobwerera kwake inali ku Alameda Central ndipo panali zokopa za National Lottery.
Mu 1908, ntchito idayamba kusamutsa Moorish Pavilion kupita ku Santa María la Rivera, popeza Hemicycle kupita ku Juárez idayamba kumangidwamo. Ndipamene nyumbayo idakonzedweratu tchuthi chadziko lonse cha 1910.
Munthawi yama 1930s ndi 1940s, Pavilion iyi idakumana ndi zokumana nazo zoyambirira zamatawuni za anthu osamukira kudera lino kupita ku Chigwa cha Mexico. Pankhaniyi, a José Vaconselos adatinso: "Malo ogulitsira, malo oimba, oimba, ma harangues ndi zipolowe ali pakatikati pa mabwalo amizinda 100 yangwiro ku Latin America."
Pakadali pano, Pavilion idangobwezerezedwanso kawiri, mu 1962 ndi 1978, ndipo nthawi zonse ziwiri idakonzedwanso kuchoka pamiyala yake ndi miyala yamiyala kupita kumphungu pachipale chake, komanso mitundu yomwe imaphimba.
Kumapeto kwa sabata, malowa amakhala malo owerengera pomwe olemba achichepere amabwera kudzawerenga pagulu. Omvera amapereka ndemanga pazantchito zawo, amasinkhasinkha ndakatulo ndikukambirana zachilengedwe pomwe maanja amakhala pamabenchi ndipo ana akusewera. Ndipo izi sizinasinthe kuyambira nthawi ya Vasconcelos, yemwe adati: "Chifukwa chake, mzindawu ukukula; Palibenso kusonkhana kapena kuyenda, koma tawuni yonse nthawi zonse imasonkhana pabwaloli masiku achisangalalo ndi masiku osagwirizana, ndipo magalimoto amachoka pabwalopo ndipo kuchokera kumeneko moyo wonse wamzindawu umakhudzidwa ”.
