Nthawi yamakono yadziwika ndi kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kosachitikako kwa fanolo; Ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, ofalitsa nkhani atukuka kuposa kale lonse.
Mbali yofunikira yolumikizirana, makamaka, komanso zowonera, makamaka, ndiudindo waukulu pagulu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti otumiza uthenga ayenera kupanga zithunzi zolondola komanso zowoneka bwino. Chojambulacho monga tikudziwira tsopano ndichopangidwa ndi njira yolowetsedwa pakusintha kwachikhalidwe.
Ku Mexico koyambirira kwa zaka za zana lino, mikangano yazandale, andale komanso yankhondo yomwe idadziwika mdziko muno, sinali chopinga kwa mafakitale ena, monga zosangalatsa, kukhazikitsa, munthawi yamavuto azachuma, njira zosiyanasiyana zotsatsira anthu ofunitsitsa zododometsa.
Tiyeni tikumbukire kuti ku Mexico kunali chikhalidwe chojambula kuyambira zaka za zana la 19 poyang'aniridwa ndi ntchito ya Manuel Manilla, Gabriel Vicente Gaona "Picheta" ndi José Guadalupe Posada, mwa olemba ena, omwe adakhudza chidwi cha anthu ophunzitsidwa ochepa ambiri osadziwa kulemba ndi kuwerenga, koma pachifukwa chimenecho alibe chidwi ndi zochitika zadzikoli. M'mizinda ndi m'matawuni otukuka kwambiri zidachitika kudzera pakulemba - ndipo pambuyo pake zojambulajambula zidakulitsa zolembedwa, kwa iwo omwe amatha kuwerenga - kuti anthu atha kuphunzira za mbiri komanso zochitika zatsiku ndi tsiku. Mwanjira ina, anthu anali kuzolowera kukhala ndi mafano, umboni wa izi ndikudya zipsera zachipembedzo komanso kukonda zandale zandale kapena kukonda kujambulidwa; pali maumboni oti ma pulquerías anali ndi zojambula mkati ndi kunja kuti akope makasitomala ambiri.
Kuyambira pachiyambi chake, sinema yakachetechete idalimbikitsa kufunika kokopa anthu ndi ma div ndi nyenyezi za chiwonetsero chatsopanocho. Pogwiritsa ntchito zotsatsa zokhala ndi zithunzi zosasunthika kapena zosunthika, wolemba, wopanga zojambulajambula kapena wopenta utoto, wopanga zikwangwani ndi wosindikiza adapanga zotsatsa zotsatsa ngati ntchito yatsopano yopanga zinthu zowoneka, mpaka pano osadziwika, omwe chidwi chawo chimachokera makamaka ku United States; kuyambira pomwepo pazithunzi zamalonda zokhudzana ndi mafashoni zikuwonekera.
Kumbali inayi, mkati mwa nyengo yakusintha kwamasinthidwe, dzikolo lidadzikonzekeretsa pazinthu zatsopano; ojambula ojambula apulasitiki adasanthula mizu yamakolo am'mbuyomu kudziko lina, ndikupangitsa chilankhulo chowoneka chotchedwa Mexico School. Ojambulawa adabwerezanso zolemba zakale, zachikhalidwe kapena zatsiku ndi tsiku ndipo ena adagwira nawo ntchito zandale, monga mamembala a Taller de Gráfica Popular m'ma 1930 omwe adalemba zikwangwani ndi mabodza osiyanasiyana amabungwe ogwira ntchito ndi osauka. Kuyambira pomwe idayamba, Unduna wa Zamaphunziro aanthu udalimbikitsa kulimbikitsa kwa mbadwo watsopano wa ojambula (Diego Rivera, José Clemente Orozco, David A. Siqueiros, Rufino Tamayo…) kuti achite nkhondo yomenyera nkhondo pamakoma a nyumba zaboma; A Gabriel Fernández Ledezma ndi a Francisco Díaz de León adatenga nawo gawo pamisonkhano yophunzitsira iyi kuchokera pazofalitsa ndi zaluso zaluso zomwe zimapanga zojambulazo.
Chojambulacho muzojambula ndi kutsatsa
Atafika, ojambula aku Spain omwe adatengedwa ukapolo adapanga mbiri yawo pakupanga zikwangwani ndi kapangidwe ka typographic; José Renau ndi Miguel Prieto adapereka mayankho ndi maluso ena ku zaluso zaku Mexico.
Kuyambira chapakatikati pa zaka za m'ma 1940, zikwangwani zinali chimodzi mwazinthu zothandiza pakulimbikitsa zochitika zosiyanasiyana za anthu ambiri okonda kumenya ng'ombe zamphongo, kumenya nkhondo, nkhonya kapena kuvina, pomwe akuzindikirabe kuti makampani opanga mawayilesi omwe angotuluka kumene zinali zothandiza kwambiri pofalitsa ntchitoyi. Komabe, mtundu wazithunzi udapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makalendala kapena makhadi omwe amapezeka mosavuta omwe amapatsa chidwi anthu apakatikati komanso odziwika bwino, makamaka okhala ndi masomphenya opita patsogolo omwe anali osangalatsa komanso opanda nzeru mpaka pamalingaliro. Komabe, ngakhale ojambula zithunzi ndi otsatsa malonda adayesetsa kukwaniritsa zovomerezeka zoyambirira, pamtundu uwu olemba ochepa, kuphatikiza Jesús Helguera, adakwanitsa kupitilira izi.
Kutsatsa kwamitundu yayikulu pakumenya nkhonya ndi ndewu kunakhala kogwiritsa ntchito typeface yokhala ndi zilembo zolemera, zazikulu, zosindikizidwa pamapepala otsika mtengo, ma inki awiri ophatikizidwa ndi kuwonongeka. Pambuyo pake, adalumikizidwa ndi phala pamakoma amisewu kuti afalikire bwino zomwe zingakondweretse opezekapo.
Zikondwerero zachikhalidwe kapena zachipembedzo zimagwiritsanso ntchito chikalatachi polengeza zomwe zachitikazo kwa anthu ammudzi, ndipo ngakhale zinali zachizolowezi kuchita nawo chaka chilichonse, zimapangidwa ngati chikumbutso komanso umboni. Mitundu iyi ya zikwangwani idapangidwanso kulengeza zovina, ma gig kapena mayeso a nyimbo.
Zomwe tafotokozazi zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwakulowerera kwamauthenga owoneka m'magulu osiyanasiyana amtundu wa anthu, kaya mwazamalonda, zamaphunziro kapena zokulitsa chidwi.
Ndendende, zojambulazo ziyenera kukwaniritsa ntchito yolumikizirana ndipo lero zapeza mbiri yake; Kwa zaka makumi angapo zakhala zikuchitika mwaluso kwambiri komanso zatsopano, kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito kujambula, kulemera kwambiri pazolemba ndi utoto, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zosindikizira monga offset ndi photoserigraphy.
Munthawi yamasiku a makumi asanu ndi limodzi, dziko lapansi lidawonetsa chithunzi cha ku Poland, zaluso zaku North America pop, ndi chithunzi chaching'ono chaku Cuba chosintha, mwa zina; Zochitika zachikhalidwezi zidakopa mibadwo yatsopano ya akatswiri ndi omvera ophunzira kwambiri, makamaka m'magulu achinyamata. Zodabwitsazi zidachitikanso kuno mdziko lathu ndipo ojambula (Vicente Rojo ndi gulu la Imprenta Madero) adatuluka. Chojambulacho "chachikhalidwe" chidatsegula mpata ndipo chalandiridwa kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale malingaliro andale adakwaniritsa bwino. Komanso, momwe mabungwe odziyimira pawokha adakumana ndi zovuta zina pazofuna zawo, adakhala ndi zikwangwani zawo, mothandizidwa ndi akatswiri ogwirizana kapena kufotokoza malingaliro awo ndi zomwe angathe.
Zitha kutsimikiziridwa kuti zojambulazo ndizoyimira palokha chifukwa chakuwonetserako kwake komanso kuti polumikizana kwambiri zimatha kupezeka kwa anthu onse, koma tiyenera kudziwa kusiyanitsa lingaliro latsopano ndi uthenga womveka, wowongoka komanso wabwino, kuchokera pazithunzi zosakondera komanso osakhutira, ngakhale atachita bwino, zomwe, m'malo mopanga nawo zojambulajambula, ndi gawo la zinyalala zowoneka bwino zamagulu amakono.
