Tikuwonetsa mbiri ya chikhalidwe ichi chomwe madera ake anali ndi ma Yucatan, Campeche, Quintana Roo, Chiapas ndi gawo lina la Tabasco, ku Mexico Republic, komanso Guatemala, Belize ndi madera ena a Honduras ndi El Salvador.
M'chilengedwe chodabwitsa komanso cholemera chopangidwa ndi nkhalango zazikulu zomwe zimalandira mvula yambiri; ndi mitsinje ikuluikulu monga Motagua, Grijalva ndi Usumacinta; ndi mapiri ochokera kumapiri, ndi nyanja zamakristalo ndi nkhalango zowirira, komanso madera athyathyathya pafupifupi opanda mitsinje kapena mvula koma okhala ndi mitsinje yosawerengeka komanso madontho amadzi otchedwa cenotes, adakhazikika nthawi za ku Spain zisanachitike, cha m'ma 1800 BC, kuzungulira Mitundu 28 yomwe imalankhula zilankhulo zosiyanasiyana (monga Yucatecan Maya, Quiché, Tzeltal, Mam ndi K'ekchi '), ngakhale onse amachokera ku thunthu limodzi, ndikupanga chikhalidwe chachikulu chomwe chapitilira nthawi ndi malo zolengedwa zake zoyambirira komanso zodabwitsa: chitukuko cha Mayan.
Madera pafupifupi 400,000 km2 akuphatikiza zigawo za Yucatán, Campeche, Quintana Roo ndi madera ena a Tabasco ndi Chiapas ku Mexico Republic, komanso Guatemala, Belize, ndi madera ena a Honduras ndi El Salvador. Kulemera ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa malo akufanana ndi zinyama zake: pali amphaka akulu ngati nyamayi; nyama monga anyani, agwape, ndi matepi; mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo; zokwawa zowopsa monga njoka ya Nauyaca ndi njoka yotentha yotentha, komanso mbalame zokongola monga kamzimbi, macaw ndi chiwombankhanga.
Malo achilengedwe osiyanasiyanawa adawonetsedwa munyimbo zaluso komanso mchipembedzo cha Mayan. Nyanja, nyanja, zigwa ndi mapiri zidalimbikitsa malingaliro ake za chiyambi ndi kapangidwe ka chilengedwe, komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo opatulika mkati mwa mizinda yake. Nyenyezi, makamaka Dzuwa, nyama, zomera ndi miyala zinali kuwonetseredwa kwa magulu ankhondo aumulungu, amenenso amapindika ndi munthu pokhala ndi mzimu komanso chifuniro. Zonsezi zimawulula kulumikizana kwapadera pakati pa munthu ndi chilengedwe, ubale waulemu ndi mgwirizano kutengera kuzindikira kwa umodzi wapadziko lonse lapansi womwe udali ndikofunikira pachikhalidwe cha Mayan.
A Mayan adakhazikitsa mayiko odziyimira pawokha, olamulidwa ndi ambuye akulu amibadwo yodziwika bwino omwe anali akatswiri andale, ankhondo olimba mtima komanso, nthawi yomweyo, akulu akulu. Adawonetsa kugulitsa mwachangu ndikugawana ndi anthu ena aku Mesoamerica kulima chimanga, kupembedza milungu yokhudzana ndi chonde, miyambo yodzipereka ndi kupereka anthu nsembe, komanso kumanga mapiramidi, pakati pazikhalidwe zina. Mofananamo, adapanga lingaliro lazungulira la nthawi ndi dongosolo loti likhale lolamulira moyo wonse: makalendala awiri, dzuwa limodzi lamasiku 365 ndi mwambo umodzi wa 260, adalumikizidwa kuti apange zaka 52.
Koma kuwonjezera apo, ma Mayan adalemba zolemba zapamwamba kwambiri ku America, kuphatikiza ziphiphiritso ndi zizindikiritso, ndipo adadziwika chifukwa chodziwa masamu komanso kudziwa zakuthambo, popeza adagwiritsa ntchito kufunika kwa zizindikilo ndi zero kuyambira chiyambi cha chikhristu, zomwe zimawaika ngati oyambitsa masamu padziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo potenga mphindi ya chochitika chongopeka monga "deti linali" kapena poyambira (Ogasiti 13, 3114 BC mu kalendala ya Gregory) adalemba madeti molondola modabwitsa mu dongosolo lovuta lotchedwa Initial Series, kusiya mbiri yokhulupirika yolemba mbiri yawo. .
A Mayan amadziwikanso pakati pa anthu ena aku Mesoamerica chifukwa cha zomangamanga zokongola, miyala yosalala ndi ziboliboli za stucco, komanso zojambulajambula zodziwika bwino, kuwonetsa ngati anthu okonda kwambiri umunthu. Izi zikugwirizana ndi nthano zawo za cosmogonic, momwe dziko lidalengedwa kuti anthu azikhalamo, ndipo omalizawa kudyetsa ndi kulemekeza milunguyo, lingaliro lomwe limayika munthu ngati zomwe machitidwe ake amalimbikitsa kulimba komanso kukhalako kwa chilengedwe .
Chitukuko chachikulu cha Amaya chidadulidwa ndi omwe adagonjetsa aku Spain pakati pa 1524 ndi 1697, koma zilankhulo, miyambo ya tsiku ndi tsiku, miyambo yachipembedzo, mwachidule, lingaliro la dziko lomwe ma Mayan akale adapanga, mwanjira ina adapulumuka mwa ana awo nthawi ya nthawi yachikoloni ndikukhalabe ndi moyo mpaka pano.
