Dziwani zambiri za moyo wa mayi uyu yemwe adathandiza anthu aku Lacandon komanso malo osungira zinthu zakale ku Chiapas.
Ntchito yayikulu yojambula yomwe Gertrude Duby Blom adachita kwa zaka 40 yakhala umboni ku mbiri ya anthu aku Lacandon ku Na Bolom Museum, ndipo dzina lake limalumikizidwa ndi fuko lino. Cholinga chake chachikulu chinali kuteteza moyo wa a Lacandon ndi nkhalango, motero kudziwa kuti Trudy anali ndani, monga amzake amamutchulira, ndiulendo wosangalatsa m'mbiri ya zaka zana lino.
Wambiri ya mkazi wokondedwayo zikuwoneka ngati buku. Moyo wake umayamba pomwe mikuntho yandale ku Europe imayambitsa ziwawa zomwe zidafika pachimake ndi Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse.
Gertrude Elizabeth Loertscher adabadwira ku Bern, mzinda waku Switzerland Alps, mu 1901 ndipo adamwalira ku Na Bolom, kwawo ku San Cristóbal de Ias Casas, Chiapas, pa Disembala 23, 1993.
Ubwana wake udadutsa mwakachetechete ku Wimmis, komwe abambo ake adatumikira ngati mtumiki wa Tchalitchi cha Protestant; Atabwerera ku Bern, akadali wachinyamata, adayamba kucheza ndi oyandikana nawo, a Duby, omwe ankagwira ntchito yoyang'anira njanji, komanso nthawi yomweyo anali mlembi wamkulu wa Union of Swiss Railroad Workers. Mwamuna uyu ndiye amene amamulowetsa m'malingaliro azachikhalidwe; Ali ndi mwana wamwamuna wa Mr. Duby, wotchedwa Kurt, adatenga nawo gawo la Swiss Democratic Socialist Party, pomwe anali wazaka 15 zokha. Ataphunzira zamaluwa, adasamukira ku Zurich komwe adakakhala mpando wa ntchito zachitukuko. Mu 1920, adatenga nawo gawo pophunzira ku maziko a Socialist Youth Movement ndipo adayamba ntchito yake ngati mtolankhani, kulembera atolankhani a socialist Tagwacht, ochokera ku Bern, ndi Volksrecht, aku Zurich.
Ali ndi zaka 23, adaganiza zopita kukayesera kukapereka malipoti munyuzipepala zaku Switzerland zonena za gulu lazachisangalalo kumadera ena a ku Europe. Mu 1923 adakhazikika ku England, ndipo adadzipereka mongodzipereka ndi banja la Quaker. Anayamba kulumikizana kwambiri ndi English Labor Party, komwe anali ndi mwayi wokumana ndi George Bernard Shaw, mwa ena.
Ndi cholinga chophunzira Chitaliyana, adapita ku Florence; Wodzipereka pakumenya nkhondo, akupitilizabe ntchito yake ngati mtolankhani komanso amatenga nawo mbali pama anti-fascist. Mu 1925 adamangidwa limodzi ndi ma socialists ena, ndipo atafunsidwa kwa maola asanu, adamangidwa kwa sabata limodzi ndikuthamangitsidwa kumalire aku Switzerland. Kurt Duby anali akumudikirira kumeneko, kuchokera komwe amayenda sitima kupita ku Bern; atafika, akulandiridwa ndi gulu la anthu lomwe likuwomba mbendera zofiira ndi mawu okuluwika. Pambuyo pazomwe zidachitika, banja lake, ndi malingaliro osasamala, sakanamulandiranso.
Patatha masiku ochepa atafika, Trudy ndi Kurt adakwatirana. Adzakhala ndi dzina loti Duby kwanthawi yayitali ya moyo wawo, chifukwa ndi m'zaka zaposachedwa pomwe adzatenge la mwamuna wake wachiwiri. Zikuwoneka kuti chifukwa cha zowawa zomwe makolo ake adamukana kapena monga msonkho kwa abambo a Kurt, ngakhale atapatukana naye, adapitilizabe kugwiritsa ntchito dzina lake lomaliza. Atakwatirana ndi Kurt, onse awiri amagwira ntchito ku Social Democratic Party. Kusamvana pazandale komanso kusamvana pakati pawo kumawapangitsa kuti apatukane mchaka chachitatu chaukwati. Amasankha zopita ku Germany, komwe amafunikira kukalankhula. Kurt akupitilizabe ntchito zandale ndikukhala membala wodziwika ku Nyumba Yamalamulo yaku Switzerland komanso woweruza ku Khothi Lalikulu Lachilungamo.
Ku Germany, Gertrude Duby ndi membala wachipani cha Communist; Posakhalitsa, asankha kulowa nawo zomwe zipange Socialist Workers Party. Mu Januwale 1933, Germany idayamba Kalvari: Hitler adasankhidwa kukhala Chancellor. Gertrude, poletsa kuthamangitsidwa kwawo, akwatiwa ndi mnzake waku Germany kuti akhale nzika zadziko. Ngakhale zili choncho, amapezeka pamndandanda wakuda ndikusakidwa ndi apolisi a Nazi. Ayenera kukhala mobisa, kusintha malo usiku uliwonse, koma ntchito yake yotsutsa olamulira mwankhanza siyimayima ndipo nyuzipepala zaku Switzerland zimalandira zolemba zake tsiku ndi tsiku. Tumizani malipoti ochokera m'malo osiyanasiyana, nthawi zonse apolisi ali kumbuyo kwake. Pomaliza, kuti achoke ku Germany ya Nazi, adalandira pasipoti yabodza yomwe idamulola kuti awolokere ku France, komwe adagwira ntchito yolimba mtima kwazaka zisanu kwa zaka zisanu.
Chifukwa chodziwika kuti anali wankhondo, adayitanidwira ku Paris kuti alowe nawo mgulu la International Struggle Against War and Fascism, kuyambira pomwe nkhondo idawoneka ngati yayandikira ndipo kunali koyenera kuchita zonse zotheka kuyimitsa. Adapita ku United States ku 1939 ndipo adatenga nawo gawo mu World Congress of Women Against War. Amabwerera ku Paris pomwe kupusa konga nkhondo kwayamba. France idagonja pakukakamizidwa ndi Germany ndipo ikulamula kuti onse omwe amatsutsana ndi fascist omwe si Achifalansa amangidwe. Gertrude amasungidwa kundende ina kumwera kwa France, koma mwamwayi boma la Switzerland ladziwa ndikuyamba kuyesetsa kuti amasulidwe, zomwe amakwanitsa patatha miyezi isanu pomubweza Trudy kudziko lakwawo. Atafika ku Switzerland, adaganiza zothetsa ukwati waku Germany motero adalanditsa pasipoti yake yaku Switzerland, yomwe imamupatsa mwayi wopita ku United States kukakonza thumba la othawa kwawo kunkhondo.
Mu 1940, limodzi ndi othawa kwawo, ma demokalase, achikomyunizimu, achikominisi, komanso Ayuda, adasamukira ku Mexico ndikulumbira kuti sadzachita nawo ndale zaku Mexico, ngakhale sanatchulidwepo ngati mtolankhani, adatero. Amakumana ndi Secretary of Labor wanthawiyo, yemwe amamulemba ntchito ngati mtolankhani komanso wogwira ntchito zachitukuko; Ntchito yake ndikuphunzira ntchito za azimayi m'mafakitole, zomwe zimamupangitsa kuti azidutsa kumpoto ndi pakati pa Mexico Republic. Ku Morelos amalumikizana ndi magazini ya Zapatistas, yosinthidwa ndi azimayi omwe adamenya nkhondo limodzi ndi General Zapata, ndipo amagwirizana ndi zolemba zawo.
Ndi nthawi imeneyi pomwe amagula kamera ya Agfa Standard $ 50.00 kuchokera kwa munthu wochokera ku Germany wotchedwa Blum, yemwe amamupatsa malingaliro ena ogwiritsira ntchito makinawo ndikumuphunzitsa kusindikiza zachabechabe. Cholinga chake chojambula sichinali chochokera kukongoletsa, chifukwa mzimu wake wankhondo udalipo: adaona kujambula ngati chida chofotokozera, chifukwa chake chidwi chomwe chidamupangitsa. Sakanasiya kamera yake.
Mu 1943, adayenda paulendo woyamba waboma kupita ku nkhalango ya Lacandon; Ntchito yake ndikulemba ulendowu ndi zithunzi komanso zolembalemba. Ulendowu udamupatsa kuti apeze zokonda ziwiri zatsopano m'moyo wake: choyamba cha iwo omwe angapange banja lake latsopano, abale ake a Lacandons, ndipo chachiwiri, cha wofukula mabwinja ku Danish Frans Blom, yemwe adakhala nawo zaka 20 zotsatira, mpaka kumwalira kwake. ya.
Gertrude anali pamwamba pa onse okonda zaumunthu omwe amamenyera zikhulupiriro zake, zomwe sizinathe. Mu 1944 adasindikiza buku lake loyamba lotchedwa Los lacandones, buku labwino kwambiri lazamakhalidwe. Mawu oyamba, olembedwa ndi omwe adzakhale mwamuna wawo wamtsogolo, apeza kufunika kwa ntchito ya Duby: Tiyenera kuthokoza Abiti Gertrude Duby, chifukwa chotilola kudziwa kuti kagulu kakang'ono aka amwenye aku Mexico ndianthu, ndi amuna, akazi ndi ana. omwe amakhala mdziko lathu lapansi, osati ngati nyama zosowa kapena malo owonetsera zakale, koma monga gawo limodzi la umunthu wathu.
M'malembawa, a Duby amafotokoza zakubwera kwa Don José kudera la Iacandon, miyambo yake ndi chisangalalo chake, nzeru zamakolo ake komanso kuchepa kwake poyang'anizana ndi matenda, kuphatikizapo machiritso patsikulo. Amasanthula mikhalidwe ya mkazi kumalo amenewo ndikudabwitsidwa ndi kuphweka kwanzeru kwa kulingalira kwake. Amapereka mbiri yachidule yokhudza mbiri ya Iacandones, omwe amawatcha "mbadwa zomaliza za omanga mizinda yabwino kwambiri yowonongedwa." Amawatanthauzira kuti "olimba mtima olimbana ndi kugonjetsedwa kwazaka zambiri", ali ndi malingaliro "opangidwa mwa ufulu womwe sunadziwe eni ake kapena owachitira nkhanza."
Posakhalitsa, Trudy adakondedwa ndi a Lacandones; Iye akunena za iwo: "Anzanga a Iacandon adandipatsa chitsimikizo chachikulu cha chidaliro chawo pomwe adanditenga paulendo wanga wachitatu kukawona nyanja yopatulika ya Metzabok"; za azimayi a Iacandon akutiuza kuti: "satenga nawo mbali pazachipembedzo kapena kulowa akachisi. Akuganiza kuti ngati Iacandona ataponda makungwa a khonde, angafe ”. Amaganizira zamtsogolo zamtunduwu ndikuwonetsa kuti "kuti tiwapulumutse ndikofunikira, kapena kuwasiya okha, zomwe sizingatheke chifukwa nkhalango ili kale yotseguka kuti iwachitire nkhanza, kapena kuwathandiza kuti atukule chuma chawo ndikuchiritsa matenda awo."
Mu 1946 adasindikiza nkhani yomwe ili ndi mutu wakuti Kodi pali mafuko otsika?, Mutu wankhani kumapeto kwa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, pomwe akunena za kufanana kwa amuna ndi kumanga moyo wamba mwaufulu. Ntchito yake siyimitsa: amayenda ndi Blom ndikudziwana inchi ya nkhalango ya Lacandon ndi inchi ndi okhalamo, omwe amakhala oteteza osatopa.
Mu 1950 adagula nyumba ku San Cristóbal de Ias Casas yomwe adabatiza ndi dzina la Na Bolom. Na, mu Tzotzil amatanthauza "nyumba" ndipo Bolom, ndimasewera pamasewera, chifukwa Blom amasokonezeka ndi BaIum, kutanthauza "jaguar". Cholinga chake chinali kukhazikitsa malo ophunzirira m'derali makamaka kulandira ma Iacandon omwe amabwera kumzindawu.
Trudy amafuna kuti nyumbayo ndi yosonkhanitsa ipite mtawuni ya Mexico. M'menemo muli zithunzi zopitilira 40 zikwi, mbiri yokongola yazikhalidwe zachilengedwe m'malo ambiri a Chiapas; Laibulale yolemera pachikhalidwe cha Mayan; gulu lazaluso zachipembedzo, lomwe Frans Blom adapulumutsa pomwe amayesa kuwononga zidutswazo panthawi ya Nkhondo ya Cristeros (mitanda yambiri yachitsulo yopulumutsidwa ndi Blom kuchokera kumayala akuwululidwa pamakoma). Palinso tchalitchi pomwe amawonetsera zinthu zaluso zachipembedzo, komanso zolemba zazing'ono zakale. Mutha kusilira nazale yomwe adakwiramo mitengo yomwe ili pachiwopsezo. Palinso chipinda choperekedwa kwa a Lacandon, ziwiya zawo, zida zawo, ndi nsalu za m'deralo. Nyumba ya Museum ya Na Bolom ilipo, ikudikirira ife, pang'ono kuchokera pakati pa San Cristóbal, ndikukhala chuma chambiri cha Gertrude ndi Frans Blom.
Tikasilira zithunzi zokongola za Gertrude Duby Blom, titha kuwona kuti anali mayi wosatopa yemwe sanalole kuti akhumudwitsidwe ndipo, kulikonse komwe anali, adamenyera zifukwa zomwe amaziwona ngati zoyenera. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ali ndi abwenzi ake a Lacandones, adadzipereka kuti ajambulitse ndikudzudzula nkhalango ya Lacandon. Trudy, mosakayikira ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwa mibadwo yapano komanso yamtsogolo, adasiya ntchito yomwe ikula ndikudutsa kwa nthawi.
