M'mipikisano yapadziko lonse lapansi, zigawenga zaku Mexico zili m'malo oyamba ndi mbewa za Harris, chifukwa chake tidaganiza zophunzira zambiri zamiyambo yakaleyi.
Kusintha kwachinyengo ku America kwatengera masewerawa pamlingo wina, momwe omwe amapusitsa kwambiri amazindikira ndipo Mexico sichoncho.
M'dziko lathu machitidwe ake amapereka mwayi umodzi ndi chikwi. Ndi chilolezo chosavuta kuchokera ku ejidatario kapena mwini munda, malo otseguka osaka ndi ochuluka, omwe mwanjira ina amapindulira aliyense. M'munda, mwachitsanzo, tizirombo ta makoswe ndizosautsa kwenikweni kwa alimi, chifukwa chake kukhala ndi gulu la mphamba wapafupi kumathandiza nthawi zonse.
Ngakhale zitha kuchitidwa kudera lonselo, mayiko omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe chachitali kwambiri ndi State of Mexico ndi Querétaro, komwe sikuti kuli malo abwino kutulukirako, koma magulu a opondereza ndiwovuta kwambiri. Mwa awa, Asociación Queretana de Cetrería A.C. ndi Cetreros del Valle m'boma la Mexico, mosakayikira ndi omwe amadziwika kwambiri.
Kachiwiri kuli madera a San Luis Potosí, Puebla, Morelos ndi Veracruz, omwe mwachidule amapangitsa dera lapakati kukhala lotchuka kwambiri. M'malo mwake, kuchuluka kwa nyama zakutchire komanso nyengo yabwino m'chigawochi zasandutsa paradiso wabwinja, yemwe akuwonekera pamipikisano yapadziko lonse lapansi, pomwe opondaponda aku Mexico amakhala pakati pa malo oyamba padziko lonse lapansi posaka ndi nkhono. Harris, chomwe ndichopambana kwambiri poganizira kuti ku Mexico ndichikhalidwe cha zaka makumi atatu zokha. Kuchita bwino kumeneku kwakhudzanso chitukuko ndi malonda azachinyengo mdziko lathu. Masiku ano, akatswiri ambiri ophunzitsa zabodza amapereka nyama zowononga tizilombo komanso zoopsa, pogwiritsa ntchito luso la mbalame zomwe zimadya. Kwenikweni ntchitoyi imakhala yowopseza nyama, makamaka nkhunda ndi makoswe zomwe zimakhudza mbewu zina. Kupezeka kosavuta kwa odyetserako kumathetsa vutoli, chifukwa kuphatikiza kwa milomo ndi zikhadabo kumawopseza mbewa zilizonse zoyipa.
Cholembera ndi cholembera
Kwenikweni, mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mphamba imagawika mbalame zouluka pang'ono komanso zouluka kwambiri. Kusiyanako ndiko kutalika komwe amasaka pafupipafupi. Mwachitsanzo, mbewa ya Harris imasaka pansi, nthawi zambiri akalulu ndi mbewa zazing'onoting'ono, ngakhale ndizotheka kusaka mbalame zazing'ono komanso abakha munyanjayi. Monga mitundu yonse, imatha kuuluka pamwamba. Kumbali inayo ndikudzikuza, komwe mfumu yosatsutsika yakuthambo ndi nkhandwe ya peregrine -wotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi-, wosaka kutalika kosalephera. Njira yake ndiyosavuta, amakwera mpaka kutalika ndikudikirira wolanda. Akamuwona, amalola kuti ayende pansi kwambiri, kusiya nyama yake popanda mwayi. Maseti awa ndiabwino kwambiri. Mbalamezi akuti zimathamanga kwambiri mpaka 450 km / h, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala zamoyo zofulumira kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Ndi mapiko ake ...
Pamwamba ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa raptors ndi mawonekedwe a mapiko awo.
Pankhani ya mapiko afupipafupi -kuuluka pang'ono-, timayankhula za nkhwangwa kapena zotsekemera, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuthamangitsa nyama m'nkhalango. Mapikowo amafupikitsa kuti azitha kuthamanga kwambiri m'masekondi ochepa ndipo chiwongolero chawo chachitali chimawalola kuti aziyenda modzaza ndi nkhalango zowirira.
Mbalame zodya nyama zokhala ndi mapiko ataliatali komanso otambalala - kuthawa kwakutali - mwachitsanzo, mphamba. Njira yake yosakira ili pansi pamadzi, motero imathamanga modabwitsa.
Omwe ali ndi mapiko otambalala -kuuluka pang'ono- monga nkhwangwa ya Harris, yomwe imasaka kuchokera kumtunda, mitengo kapena mitengo, kuti idutse modzidzimutsa pa nyama.
Maphunzirowa
Malinga ndi falconer Mario Alberto Romero, kuphunzitsa mbalame yodya nyama kumakhala ndi zinthu zinayi zofunika kutsatira:
Kuweta. Nthawi yonseyi, mbalameyi, makamaka yachinyamata, imazolowera kucheza ndi anthu. Zimangotengera nthawi yocheza kuti akhulupirire, gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazochitikazo.
Kukonza. Munthawi imeneyi ntchito ndi mbalame zimachitika potengera ubale ndi zochita, monga kuuluka kupita ku magolovesi kapena nyambo ndikulandila chakudya ngati mphotho. Izi ndizoyendetsa bwino zomwe, pakapita nthawi, zimayankha mwachangu. Wokwerayo akuuluka panthawi yomwe falconer imamupatsa iye gulovu kapena chinyengo chodikirira kuti adyetsedwe.
Kupatsidwa ulemu kwa kusaka. Mbalameyo ikakhala yoweta komanso yokonzeka kuuluka pagulovu kapena nyambo, imatha kuyambitsa kusaka. Iyi ndi njira yosangalatsa kwambiri momwe falconer iyenera kumasula. Ngati simunamalize bwino magawo awiri oyambilira a maphunzirowa, mwina mungayesere kuthawa.
Munthawi yawo yachilengedwe, mbalamezi zimadyetsedwa ndi makolo awo, omwe, popereka nyama zamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso makulidwe, amapatsira chidziwitso kwa anapiye awo za nyama zomwe ndi chakudya. Pobadwira mu ukapolo, falconer iyenera kukhala yovuta kwambiri kuti isinthe izi, zomwe raptor imatha kuyambitsa bwino kusaka.
Kusaka. Pambuyo poyambitsa kusaka, falconer imakupatsirani zabwino zonse kuti mukwaniritse zakutchire zanu zoyambirira. Pakapita nthawi ndikuchita, kakulidwe kameneka kayenera kusintha mpaka pomwe mkwatibwi amatenga nyama yake monga momwe mitundu yake imagwirira ntchito mwachilengedwe.
Zida zoyambira
Pakukwaniritsa kwathunthu, raptor ayenera kuzolowera zida zake, magolovesi, hood, pijuelas, msika wa nsomba, mabelu ndi ndodo za "T", zomwe ndizofunikira pakuchita masewerawa.
Chovala chachikopa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza mkono wamphamba, chifukwa zonse zolanda, ngakhale zazing'ono kwambiri, zimakhala ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa zomwe zimawapweteka.
Chombocho chimanyamula mbalameyo. Pokulepheretsani kuti muwone zonse zomwe zikuchitika, zimakhala bata, zomwe zimakuthandizani kuti muziyang'ana kwambiri nthawi yakutha. Zimakhala zachizolowezi kuti hood imavalidwa kwa maola angapo, makamaka ikamanyamulidwa panjira, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti idapangidwa.
Ma pijuelas ndi zingwe ziwiri zachikopa zomangirizidwa ku mwendo uliwonse. Amalola kusamalira bwino. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumasiyanasiyana kutengera gawo la maphunziro omwe muli nawo. Poyamba amalumikizidwa ndi chingwe chomwe chimalepheretsa kuthawa mwachilengedwe. Pambuyo pa gawo ili, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi msika wamamita angapo, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kangapo. Pazochitika zonsezi ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito ma swivels awiri kuti asayende.
Mtengo wa "T" ndi malo okwezera omwe amalola kuwonekera bwino kwa mundawo, mwayi waukulu pankhani yosaka. Mwambiri, mphalapala amayenda ndi ndodo yake atanyamula mmwamba galu akuyenda pansi. Nyamayo ikangowonekera, mbalame yanu imapitirizabe kuukira. Patsiku labwino ndikofunikira kuti musankhe bwino mlenje musanayese kugwira kangapo. Ndikofunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito sikelo ya granataria kuti mupeze kulemera kwenikweni kwa kusaka, ndiye kuti, mphamba ayenera kuyang'anira kulemera kwa mbalame yake.
Kufika ku Mexico
Malinga ndi akatswiri ena, zabodza monga masewera zidabwera mdziko lathu nthawi ya atsamunda, ngakhale kulibe mbiri yodalirika yotsimikizira izi, titha kungoganiza kuti ili ndi zaka zingapo pachikhalidwe. Palibe, ngati tingachiyerekeza ndi zaka 200 zakuchita kumpoto kwa kontinenti yaku America ndi zaka masauzande angapo ku Asia, komwe kunachokera.
Ngakhale zitakhala bwanji, ndimasewera azaka zikwizikwi omwe adabwera ku Mexico kuchokera kumadera ena, makamaka ku Burgos, popeza pafupifupi onse opusitsa mdziko muno amatchula buku loyambitsa la Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente, wolemba zabodza wodziwika ku Spain yemwe adapereka moyo wake ku Kusamalira zachilengedwe. Pafupifupi zaka 30 atamwalira, ziphunzitso za mpainiya uyu zikupitilizabe kukhala chitsogozo kwa aliyense wokonda mphekesera.
Ngakhale ndizowona kuti anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti uwu ndi masewera ankhanza, palinso omwe amasangalala nawo kwambiri, ndi nkhani yamaganizidwe, chowonadi ndichakuti kulongosola koyenera kwachilengedwe kumachokera pamalamulo osavuta, " kupha kapena kufa ". Palibe mkwatibwi wophunzitsidwa yemwe amachita mosiyana ndi mitundu yake kuthengo. Ngakhale kulowererapo kwa munthu, sewero la moyo ndi imfa pakati pa nyamayo ndi yomwe idagwirayo ndi chimodzimodzi.
Falconry yodalirika
M'dziko lathu, kugulitsa nyama ndi zomera mosaloledwa sikuti ndi mlandu wokha, komanso ndi njira yogwirira ntchito. Ngakhale ogula ambiri amangoyang'ana chiweto chachilendo, nthawi zambiri zotsatira zake zimakhala tsoka kwa aliyense amene akukhudzidwa. Ponena za mbalame zodya nyama, ochuluka kwambiri amadzitsekera mu khola laling'ono pomwe thanzi lawo limafooka, ndikupangitsa kuwonongeka komwe, kosasinthika. Nthawi zambiri, mpandawu umalepheretsa mbalamezo kuti zikhwime msinkhu, zomwe zimachititsa kuti ziziberekana mosavuta.
Akuyerekeza kuti mu bizinesi yosaloledwa, pamtundu uliwonse wogulitsidwa, pafupifupi 5 kapena 6 amaphedwa pomugwira, kumunyamula kapena kumumanga. Ngakhale zilango zakugula kosaloledwa ndizochuluka, kuchuluka kwa anthu osaloledwa m'dziko lathu akadali kwakukulu.
Izi sizitanthauza kuti ndizosatheka kupeza mbalame yodya nyama, koma kuti kugula kwake kuyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi malamulo apano, omwe akulamulidwa ndikuwongoleredwa ndi Unduna wa Zachilengedwe ndi Zachilengedwe komanso Federal Attorney for Environmental Protection, onse yadzipereka kuteteza ndi kusamalira nyama zamtchire mdziko lathu, motero zimangokhala zopereka osati kugula.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti musanayambe ntchitoyi zina mwazomwe zimalembedwa ndi National Institute of Ecology zimatsimikiziridwa, mwina ndi mbale, mphete, chikhomo kapena chakudya kuti zitsimikizike kuti ndi njira yovomerezeka. Momwemonso, opereka ndalama ayenera kuwonetsa chilolezo chovomerezeka ndi General Directorate of Wildlife. Zolemba zovomerezekazi zimaperekedwa atachita kafukufuku wasayansi wowunika kuchuluka kwa mitundu yonse ya zamoyo, motero kuwonetsetsa kuti anthu ali ndi thanzi m'dera lililonse lomwe amapezeka.
