Mzindawu wakale waku Mayan udadziwika chifukwa cha ntchito yake yayikulu komanso kusinthanitsa kwamalonda ndi mzinda wa Comitán, m'chigawo chapakati m'chigawo cha Chiapas. Onani!
Mzinda wakale wa Tenam Bridge Inamangidwa pamapulatifomu owoneka bwino okhala ndi makoma osungira, paphiri lomwe limalamulira Chigwa chonse cha Comiteca ndikuyimira gawo limodzi mwa magawo osaphunziridwa kwambiri a kufukula zakale za Chiapas.
Kudziwa malo ofukulidwa m'mabwinja ndi bwino kufika Komiti ya Domínguez, mzinda wokongola wokhala ndi nyengo yabwino pakati pa dera lokhala ndi madzi ambiri ndi zigwa zazikulu zotambalala pakati pa mapiri a mitengo ya paini ndi thundu. Ndibwino kuti mupite kukaona malo ake odziwika bwino omwe lero akutiwonetsa chithunzi chokongola cha atsamunda, ndikudziwonetsa kuti ndi amodzi mwa okongola kwambiri kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Mexico. Misewu yake yokongoletsedwa ndi malo okhala nthawi yayitali, minda yake komanso malo ogulitsira apakati amalankhula okha. Pabwalo lalikulu, misewu yomwe ili ndi zipilala zamatabwa imapanga malo apadera komanso pazipata, anthu am'deralo amala khofi wabwino kwambiri wa Chiapas.
Pamaso pa kiosk pamakhala chokongola kachisi wa Santo Domingo. Ntchito yake yomanga mu Plateresque idayamba mzaka khumi zapitazi za 16th ndipo idatha kumapeto kwa zaka za 17th. Kumbali imodzi kuli nsanja yokongola yomanga pambuyo pake yomwe imadziwika ndi façade, ili ndi mawonekedwe achi Gothic ndi Chisilamu, mawonekedwe amtundu wa Mudejar, pakhoma pake pali mabwalo achiroma. Mbali imodzi kumwera kwa bwaloli ndi nyumba yomwe Belisario Domínguez amakhala, mumayendedwe a Sevillian opangidwa ndi zipata zamatabwa, yoyikidwa mozungulira patio yamaluwa.
Mpanda waukulu
Makilomita ochepa kumwera kwa Comitán ndi malo ofukula mabwinja a Tenam Puente. Nthawi yayikulu yopezeka pamalowo ikufanana ndi nyengo za Classic and Early Postclassic, pomwe malo aku Mayan oyendera zigawo (Petén, Guatemala) adasiyidwa. Tenam Puente adatchulidwa koyamba m'bukuli Mafuko ndi Akachisi lolembedwa ndi Frans Blom Y Olivier La Farge, mu 1928. Kukulitsa madera kumawerengedwa mu 2 kilomita imodzi, pomwe nyumba zingapo zachikhalidwe, zachipembedzo komanso zogona zimamangidwa.
Malo ofukulidwa m'mabwinja akukwera pamapulatifomu akulu komanso owoneka bwino okhala ndi makoma osungidwa omwe adakonzedwa m'malo otsetsereka asanu, ndikupanga mabwalo otseguka ndi otsekedwa, pomwe nyumba zazikulu zidagawidwa, zina zomwe zimakhala ndi mphira ngati matondo ngati chinthu chodziwika. . Frans Blom (1893-1963) akufotokoza kuti atakwera phompho adafika kumabwinja a Tenam Puente ndikuti kumwera kwa phiri ili kunali chigwa chaching'ono, chozunguliridwa mbali ina ndi mabwinjawo ndi mtundu wina wa mapiri ozungulira ngati bwalo lalikulu lachilengedwe. Pozindikira makonzedwe a milu, mozungulira mabwalo olowera kuchigwa chaching'ono, aweruza kuti izi "zikuwonetsa kuti omanga adagwiritsa ntchito malo achilengedwe."
Nyumba yofunikira kwambiri ili kumpoto. Pali masitepe apamwamba mpaka 20 mita okwera opangidwa ndi matupi opondaponda. Gulu lina lakumwera limafanana ndi akachisi ndi malo okhala anthu apamwamba, omwe amagawidwa mozungulira mabwalo otsekedwa, ndi malo opatulika ndi nsanja zokhala ndi zipinda zazikulu kumtunda. M'malo ozungulira mtima wa Tenam Puente pali zotsalira za tawuni yakale, ngakhale zidasinthidwa kwambiri ndi ntchito zaulimi zapano.
Kapangidwe ka nyumba m'derali ndi kofanana kwambiri ndi malo ena ku Central Depression of Chiapas (theka lathyathyathya lomwe lili m'malire ndi Sierra Madre de Chiapas, Central Plateau ndi Mapiri a Kumpoto). Pamtsinje Mtsinje wa Grijalva ndipo misonkho yake imagawidwa pamasamba ambiri okhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana kwambiri amisiri ndi maluso omanga, kutengera miyala yamiyala yodulidwa bwino. Zomalizazo zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi stucco, yomwe idasungidwabe m'makoma ena, pansi ndi masitepe, pansi pake pamiyala yamiyala imawonekeranso.
Chodziwikanso ndichakuti kupezeka kwa makhothi atatu ampira, makamaka mwayi wofika ku Tenam Puente kudali kudzera kubwalo lalikulu la mpira. Pamapulatifomu apamwamba, pamlingo wosiyanasiyana, pali masewera ena awiri a mpira, ang'onoang'ono kukula kwake ndipo mwina atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa anthu apamwamba. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mabwalo amiyala pamalo omanga malowa kumakwaniritsa ntchito yoletsa kufikira m'malo opatulika kudzera pachotchinga cha miyambo, monga tafotokozera m'nkhani ya mayeso omwe amapasa amtengo wapatali amayesedwa kuti agonjetse magulu ankhondo akumanda ku Popol Vuh.
Mapazi awo amalankhula
Malo abwino a Tenam Puente adalola nzika zake kuwongolera njira yamalonda yomwe imagwirizanitsa mapiri a Chiapas ndi Guatemala ndi kukhumudwa kwapakati pa Chiapas. Zosonkhanitsidwa ndi ceramic kuchokera kukufukula malowa, zikuwonetsa malonda okangalika ndi madera ena akutali kwambiri m'chigawo cha Comitán, monga nkhono zochokera ku Gulf of Mexico.
Kumbali inayi, omwe adayikidwa m'manda adapeza gawo la kupezeka kwa ziwonetsero zazikulu zomwe zopereka zambiri zimayikidwa monga zotengera, zinthu zamiyala yobiriwira, zokongoletsa zopangidwa ndi chipolopolo ndi munga waminga. Tithokoze kufukula uku, kuikidwa m'manda ndi kufufuzidwa komwe kwachitika mpaka lero, timayamba kudziwa zochulukirapo zachitukuko chopezeka patsamba lino la Mayan. Ndi zomwe zapezazi, zakhala zotheka kutsimikizira kuti Tenam Puente adatenga nawo gawo lomaliza la chikhalidwe cha Amaya chomwe chikuyimira kusintha kwa Postclassic yoyambirira, nthawi yomwe chitsulo chimapeza mphamvu yayikulu komanso zinthu zopangidwa ndi alabaster zimawonekera.
Zakale za Comitan
Balum Canan wakale, "Malo anyenyezi zisanu ndi zinayi", idakhazikitsidwa mchithaphwi ndi Amwenye aku Tzeltal, omwe amatchulabe choncho. Mu 1486 anthu ammudzimo anasintha dzina kukhala Komitlan, Nahuatl liwu lotanthauza “Malo a malungo". Mu 1528 idagonjetsedwa ndi Pedro de Porto Carrero; ndipo mu 1556 Diego Tinoco anasuntha ndikukhazikitsa tawuniyi pamalo pomwe alipo lero.
