La Huamantlada ndiye chiwonetsero chomenyera nkhondo kwambiri cha ng'ombe nthawi yamapwando a Virgen de la Caridad, omwe amachitika mu Ogasiti mu Mzinda Wamatsenga tlaxcalteca de Huamantla. Tikukupemphani kuti mupeze mwambo wamakono komanso wosangalatsa.
1. Kodi Huamantlada ndi chiyani?
Ndiwonetsero yothana ndi ng'ombe yomwe imayamba nthawi ya 12 koloko Loweruka lomaliza la chikondwerero cha Virgen de la Caridad m'misewu ya mzinda wa Mexico wa Huamantla, m'boma la Tlaxcala. Zofanana ndi zomwe zimachitika mumzinda wa Pamplona ku Spain panthawi yamasewera a San Fermín, ng'ombe zamphongo zingapo zimadutsa m'misewu ya mzindawu, pakati pa chidwi cha anthu, gawo lawo limapita kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa nyama, pomwe ambiri amayang'ana kumbuyo kwa zopinga.
Mwa mwambowu, nyumba zoyang'ana m'misewu momwe ng'ombe zolimbirana zimakongoletsedwa ndipo anthu, makamaka amuna, amavala zovala zowala. Monga ku Sanfermines, mwambowu uli ndi zoopsa zake komanso otsutsa, koma umatetezedwa ndi omutsatira ngati mwambo womwe uyenera kusungidwa komanso ngati gwero lofunika kupeza ndalama mtawuniyi, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe chiwonetserochi chimabweretsa. Chiwonetserochi ndichikhalidwe chothandizidwa ndi bungwe la Institute of Culture and Tourism la State of Tlaxcala ndi Tlaxcalteca Institute of Bullfighting Development.
2. Kodi Huamantlada idayamba bwanji?
Huamantlada yoyamba idachitika pa Ogasiti 15, 1954, pomwe mafani angapo a huamantecos a chikondwerero cholimba, omwe anali Don Eduardo Bretón González, Don Manuel de Haro, Don Sabino Yano Sánchez, Don Miguel Corona Medina ndi Don Raúl González, ena mwa iwo omwe adawona Sanfermines, adaganiza zoyendetsa ng'ombe zamphongo ku Huamantla monga Pamplonada amachita ku Pamplona.
Ku Pamplonada, nyamazo zimamasulidwa ku corral ndikuyenda m'misewu mpaka zikafika ku ng'ombe, komwe zimamenyedwa. Kumayambiriro koyamba kwa Huamantlada, mitundu 6 yochokera ku Piedras Negras idamenyedwa, malo odyetserako ziweto a Tlaxcala omwe amakhala ndi zaka zopitilira 150 pofalitsa ng'ombe zamphongo. Chojambula choyamba cha Huamantlada chinali ndi Manuel Capetillo, Rafael García ndi Jorge Aguilar El Ranchero. Njira iyi yoyendetsera ng'ombe m'misewu mpaka kupita nayo ku bullring kukamenyana nayo idasungidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za 1960, pomwe idasinthidwa ndi pempholo.
3. Chifukwa chiyani mawonekedwe a Huamantlada adasinthidwa?
Kwazaka zopitilira 10, Huamantlada idachitidwa chimodzimodzi ndi Sanfermines ya Pamplona ndipo ng'ombe zamphongo nthawi zambiri sizimafika pa bwalo m'malo abwino kuti amenye bwino. Anthu omwe amapita kuwonetserako amakula chaka ndi chaka, kotero sipanakhalepo kusowa kwadzidzidzi komwe popita ku plaza adakantha ng'ombe ndipo nyamazo sizinafike kuti zikakomane ndi wophulitsayo, zomwe zikuyimiranso ngozi zowonjezera matador. Olimbanawo ng'ombe adayamba kuchita ziwonetsero ndikukana kumenya nkhondo, mpaka mawonekedwewo adasinthidwa kukhala ena omwe pambuyo pothamanga komwe sikuwasiya atatopa, ng'ombezo zimamenyedwa m'mabokosi m'misewu yomweyo.
China chomwe chasintha ndikutetezeka kwa mwambowu. Poyamba, anthu ankadzaza m'misewu kuti adzaonerere ng'ombe zamphongo zikudutsa, osatetezedwa pang'ono. Pomwe chidwi cha Huamantlada chachulukirachulukira, kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa anthu, njira zachitiridwa kuti anthu azikhala otetezeka. Misewu yomwe ng'ombe zizithamangira zikulembedwa zikwangwani ndipo mipanda yotetezera ndi burladeros imayikidwa, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, maimidwe amaikidwa kotero kuti anthu ena athe kuwona momwe akukhalira. Chiwerengero cha misewu yoperekedwa ku chikondwerero cholimbana ndi ng'ombe zamphongo komanso kuchuluka kwa ng'ombe zomwe zamenyedwa zawonjezekanso, zomwe zachoka pa 6 mu Huamantlada yoyambirira kufika 7, 12, 15, 20, 25 komanso kuposa 30 ng'ombe.
Zachidziwikire, chitetezo sichikhala chokwanira ndipo omwe akupita ku Huamantlada ayenera kudziwa kuti mwambowu umakhala pachiwopsezo china, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kukhala osamala kwambiri. Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe ziyenera kupewedwa kwambiri ndikuyesera kuyanjana ndi ng'ombe, makamaka ngati mulibe chidziwitso chothana ndi nyama zolimba izi, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi anthu ambiri.
4. Zoyenera kuchita musanachitike komanso pambuyo pa Huamantlada?
Panthawi ya Huamantlada, Magic Town ya Huamantla ili pachimake pa Virgen de la Caridad. Ndizotheka kuti Huamantlada imagwirizana ndi Ogasiti 14 ndi 15, pomwe "Usiku Womwe Palibe Munthu Amagona" umachitika. Usiku wa pa Ogasiti 14, ma huamantecos ndi alendo ambiri amachita tchuthi, kwinaku akuyala m'misewu momwe Namwali adzadutsa ndi zopeta zokongola za utuchi, zomwe ndi ntchito zenizeni zaukadaulo. Ulendowu umachoka cha m'ma 1 AM pa 15.
Mofananamo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wanu wopita ku Huamantla pamwambo wa Huamantlada, kuti mukaone zokopa za mzindawu, monga Church of Our Lady of Charity, nyumba zakale za San Luis, Kachisi wa San Luis ndi Municipal Palace. Momwemonso, mutha kuyendera Bullfighting Museum ndi National Puppet Museum, momwe zidutswa 500 zidawonetsedwa, zochokera pagulu la Rosete Aranda, kampani yazidole yayitali kwambiri mdzikolo. Kampani ya zidole iyi idabadwira ku Huamantla mu 1835 ndipo idagwira mpaka 1958, kuphatikiza yomwe idachitidwa umboni ndi Purezidenti Benito Juárez.
Mwina muli ndi nthawi yodziwa ng'ombe zomwe zimamenyana zoswana zomwe zimakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi Huamantla ndipo zimadyetsa chidwi cham'deralo komanso chadziko laphwando lolimba ndi zigawenga zawo zowopsa. Ndipo zowonadi, simungaleke kusangalala ndi Huamanteca ndi Tlaxcala gastronomy, popeza Magic Town imavala popereka mbale ndi zakumwa zabwino kwambiri, monga mixiote, muéganos ndi pulque.
Mulole kuti musangalale ndi Huamantlada!
