A Toltecs a Tula adayamba kulamulira chapakati Mexico atachepa Teotihuacan, kutipatsa ma Atlantean awo, omwe tsopano akulamulira kutsogoloku ndi mawonekedwe awo owopsa ngati ankhondo otchuka.
Kodi chidwi cha Tula ndi chiyani?
Mzinda wa Tollan-Xicocotitlan, wodziwika bwino kuti Tula, unali likulu la ufumu wa Toltec ndipo udafika pachimake pomanga Tula Grande munthawi ya Early Postclassic.
Kukhazikika ku Spain asanachitike Tula Idakhazikitsidwa mozungulira zaka za zana lachiwiri, pomwe Teotihuacán idayamba kutaya mphamvu ndipo pakapita nthawi mzindawu udzakhala mphamvu pakati pa Mexico.
Tula adayamba kuchepa mzaka za 12th, koma adalamulira njira yopindulitsa yaku Mesoamerican kwazaka zambiri.
Monga umboni wa mphamvu ya Tula, malo ake ofukula zamabwinja adatsalira, momwe Pyramid ya Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli, Atlantes yotchuka ndi Burned Palace imadziwika.
Kodi Tula ali kuti ndipo ndimakafika bwanji pamalowo?
Malo ofukula mabwinja amapezeka mdera lakumwera kwa boma la Hidalgo, m'boma la Tula de Allende, lomwe limapanga gawo la Tula National Park.
Tula de Allende ili pamtunda wa makilomita 97 kuchokera ku Mexico City. Kupita ku Tula kuchokera pa DF Muyenera kutenga mseu waukulu 57 kenako kulowera njira yolowera ku km 77, kulowera mumzinda womwe mukupita.
Defeños amatha kudziwa malowa poyenda pagalimoto kupita ku Tula de Allende, kenako nkupita pakatikati pa mzindawu ndi basi yomwe imalowera ku Actopan, Iturbe kapena Santa Ana, yomwe imayima polowera malo ofukula mabwinja. Tikiti yofikira pamalowo imagulidwa pa 65 MXN.
Kodi Tula adakula bwanji?
Kukhazikika koyambirira komwe kudachitika ndi Tula Chico, yemwe umboni wake woyamba udalembedwa m'zaka za zana lachiwiri, chakumapeto kwa nyengo yoyambirira.
Munthawi yake yoyamba kukhalapo, mphamvu za Tula zinali zochepa ndipo chakumapeto kwa zaka za IX mzindawu udasiyidwa, zomwe zidafulumizidwa ndi moto zingapo.
M'badwo wagolide udzafika ku Early Postclassic ndi Tula Grande, mzinda womwe ma Toltec adamanga ndikupanganso Tula Chico pamlingo wokulirapo, koma osati pamalo omwewo.
Munthawi imeneyi, Tula adasandulika mzinda wokhala ndi mafuko ambiri womwe udali ndi anthu opitilira 50 zikwi ndipo ma Toltec adalamulira malonda a turquoise kumpoto kwa Mesoamerica, zoumba za Nicoya, zochokera kutali kwambiri, komwe pakadali pano kuli gawo ochokera ku Costa Rica; ndi malonda a laimu, mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga komanso kuphika.
A Toltec adayang'aniranso malonda a basalt ndi rhyolite ochokera ku Magoni, obsidian omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Sierra de las Navajas, Veracruz ceramics, cocoo kuchokera ku Chiapas ndi Guatemala masiku ano, onyx kuchokera Puebla ndi njoka yam'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Balsas.
Zomwe zidasungidwa kuchokera ku Tula Chico?
Phata loyambirira la Tula linali malo ochepa okhala pafupifupi 6 km2 Pamwamba, okwezedwa ndi amuna okhudzidwa ndi zikhalidwe za anthu aku North Mesoamerican dera.
Mabwinja akulu omwe asungidwa ku Tula Chco ndi Pyramid yaku East ndi West Pyramid, yomwe ili pamalo otchedwa North Platform.
Pa North Platform palinso mabwinja a Hypostyle Hall, malo okhala ndi zomangamanga zisanachitike ku Spain, zothandizidwa ndi zipilala zambiri.
M'zipinda za North and East Platform pali zolemba zingapo zoyimira anthu otchuka a Tula Chico omwe adagwera kunkhondo.
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Zomwe zidasungidwa kuchokera ku Tula Grande?
Tula Grande ikuwunikira Pyramid ya Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli, Atlantes, Burned Palace ndi Coatepantli. Mulungu Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli, yemwe dzina lake lovuta limatanthauza "Lord of the Dawn Star" ndi chiwonetsero cha Quetzalcóatl ngati dziko la Venus kapena nyenyezi yam'mawa.
Pyramid ya Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli ndi nsanja yomwe pamakhala magulu angapo a pilasters ndi zipilala zanjoka zomwe pakati pawo Atlanteans otchuka a Tula amadziwika.
Oyendetsa ndege, omwe amakhala kuseri kwa ma Atlanteans, ali ndi ziwonetsero zonena za zomwe Quetzalcóatl adachita ndi mdani wake wolimba, Tezcatlipoca, pomwe mizati ya njoka ikuwonetsa kukongoletsa ndi njoka yamphongo.
Kodi ma Atlante ndi chiyani?
Anthu 4 akuluakulu oterewa ndi omwe amadziwika bwino kwambiri ku Tula. Anamangidwa ndi a Toltec okhala ndi matumba a basalt omwe anasonkhana ndipo amafika kutalika kwa mita yopitilira 4.5.
Ma Atlante ndi mawonekedwe a Quetzalcóatl ngati "nyenyezi yam'mawa" momwe mulungu amawonekera atavala zovala za wankhondo waku Toltec, atavala chapachifuwa cha gulugufe, mivi, atlatl kapena woponya mkondo, mpeni wamwala ndi chida chopindika cha ma Toltec. .
Anthu a ku Atlanteans amatchedwa dzina lawo chifukwa anali ngati mizati yothandizira pakachisi yemwe anaveka Pyramid ya Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli.
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Kodi Palacio Quemado ndi yotani?
Nyumbayi, yomwe imafanana kwambiri ndi Nyumba yachifumu ya Chichén Itzá, idalandira dzina kuchokera kwa wofukula mabwinja Jorge Acosta, chifukwa chodziwikiratu kuti idawonongedwa ndi moto wolusa.
Ngakhale limadziwika kuti nyumba yachifumu, umboni ukuwonetsa kuti sikunali nyumba yachifumu, koma nyumba yoyang'anira momwe zochitika zandale za mzinda wa Tula zimachitikira.
Mapeto omaliza amachokera munjira zingapo zomwe zimayang'ana zipinda 1 ndi 2, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti anali malo osonkhanira a khonsolo yayikulu. Zimadziwika kuti makhonsolo adapangidwa ndi anthu osankhika chifukwa zotchinga zikukumbutsa a teoicpalli, omwe anali mipando yachifumu.
Coatepantli ndi chiyani?
Coatepantli kapena "Wall of the Serpents" ndiye khoma lomwe linazungulira malo opatulika a Tula, omwe mabwinja ena asungidwa, makamaka kumbuyo kwa Pyramid of Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli, kulekanitsa ndi Khothi 1 la bwalo la mpira. .
Khomalo limakongoletsedwa ndi mitundu yambiri ya njoka zomwe zimatha kuona mafupa ake ndi ziwombankhanga za agalu ndi ziwombankhanga, nyama zofunika kwambiri pankhondo zisanachitike ku Spain komanso nthano.
Khothi 1 la bwalo la mpira lomwe lili pafupi ndi Coatepantli ndi lomwe lasungidwa bwino ku Tula.
Khoma lotetezera bwaloli linali luso la zomangamanga lomwe a Toltec adapanga pokonza tawuni ya Tula, yomwe pambuyo pake imakopedwa ndi mayiko ena.
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Chifukwa chiyani Tula adakana?
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 12, Tula adayamba kuchepa chifukwa chamkangano wamkati mwa gulu lake lankhondo komanso achipembedzo komanso kuwukira kwa Mexico.
Moto, umboni wake womwe ukuwoneka m'mabwinja a Nyumba Yotenthedwa, udathandizira kutsika pang'ono kwa mzinda wamphamvu wa Toltec, mpaka pomwe ulamuliro wa Aztec udakhazikitsidwa.
Pambuyo pa kugwa kwa mzinda wamzinda wa Tula, a Toltec omwe adapulumutsa miyoyo yawo adasamukira kumadera ena, monga Culhuacán, komwe adakhazikitsa malo ofunikira.
Ndi zokopa zina ziti zomwe zilipo ku Tula de Allende?
Kupatula malo ofukulidwa m'mabwinja, omwe ndi cholowa chawo chachikulu, ku Tula de Allende kuli mapangidwe azomangamanga, zakale ndi zojambulajambula, zomwe zimalola kumaliza tsiku lathunthu la alendo.
Tula Cathedral poyambilira inali tchalitchi cha nyumba ya amfumu yaku Franciscan yomangidwa m'zaka za zana la 16. Kachisiyu ndi wofanana ndi linga ndipo mkati mwake muli katatu wonena za kufalitsa kwa dera.
Jorge R. Acosta Archaeological Museum imayendera mabungwe andale, zaluso, ziwiya zadothi ndi zina mwa moyo wa a Toltecs ndikuwunikiranso momwe kafukufuku amafufuzira.
Chipinda Chakale cha Quetzalcóatl ndi malo ena ochititsa chidwi ku Tula de Allende, komwe amapezako zosungidwa zakale, komanso amakhala ndi ziwonetsero zakanthawi.
Pabwalo lowonekera la Tula mupeza zojambulazo Tula Wamuyaya, zojambula za waluso Juan Pablo Patiño Cornejo.
Kodi ndingakakhale kuti ku Tula de Allende?
Hotel Real del Bosque, yomwe ili ku Cerrada Jarandas 122, ndi malo omwe ali ndi zonse zomwe mungafune kuti mupumule bwino mukapita kudera lakafukufuku ndi malo ena osangalatsa ku Tula.
Ku Calzada Melchor Ocampo 200 mkatikati mwa Tula de Allende kuli Hotel Lizbeth, malo ogona omwe amadziwika kuti ndi aukhondo komanso malo omwe akuyenera kuphikira chakudya.
Quinta Bella Boutique Hotel, ku Avenida Norte 7, ndi malo osangalatsa, osamalidwa bwino ndi ogwira nawo ntchito.
Malo ena okhala ku Tula de Allende ndi Best Western Real Tula Express, Hotel Cuéllar, Hotel Real Catedral ndi Hotel Sharon.
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Kodi mungandipangire kuti ndikadye kuti?
Mu Quetzalcóatl Tourist Walkway pali Las Mesitas Alimentos Artesanal, malo okhala ndi mbale zaku Mexico, zosangalatsa kwambiri komanso zokongoletsa zokongola. Amatamandidwa chifukwa cha tampiqueña, zonona za chimanga ndi enchiladas, zokhala ndi zokometsera zabwino komanso mitengo yabwino.
Bistro 23, yomwe ili pa km 5 pamsewu waukulu wa Tula - San Marcos, ndi malo osangalatsa kwambiri oduladula nyama.
Malo Odyera a Don Goyo, mumsewu waukulu wa Tula - Huehuetoca, amapereka chakudya wamba ndipo amadziwika bwino chifukwa cha ma escamoles, kanyenya kake komanso ma mixioti.
Muthanso kupita kukadya ku El Molino Rojo, Don Mauri, Chez Moi Tula, Sazón Tolteca, Las Cazuelas ndi Los Negritos.
Tikukhulupirira kuti posachedwa mupita kukasirira ma Atlantean ndi zinthu zina zosangalatsa za Tula. Tikuwonani posachedwa paulendo wina wabwino.
Pitilizani kuwerenga zolemba zathu kuti mudziwe zambiri zaulendo wanu wopita ku Mexico!:
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