Werengani nkhani yonse ya Ignacio Manuel Altamirano, munthu wofunikira m'mabuku aku Mexico.
Abambo a mabuku aku Mexico, Ignacio Manuel Altamirano adabadwa mu Tixtla, Guerrero Makolo ake anali Francisco Altamirano ndi Gertrudis Basilio, onse Amwenye oyera omwe adatchulidwanso Msipanya yemwe adabatiza m'modzi mwa makolo awo.
Ignacio Manuel adaphunzira kuyankhula Chisipanishi pokhapokha bambo ake atasankhidwa kukhala meya wa tawuniyi, kenako adadziulula ngati wophunzira wopindulitsa ndipo adapambana imodzi mwamaphunziro omwe adapatsidwa ndi Zolemba Zolemba ku Toluca kwa ana omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa omwe amatha kuwerenga ndi kulemba. Ndipamene adapeza m'modzi yemwe amayenera kukhala mphunzitsi wake wokondedwa kwambiri komanso wamphamvu: Ignacio Ramírez, Necromancer, loya, mtolankhani, membala wa Lateran Academy ndi wachiwiri kwa Nyumba Yamalamulo.
Altamirano adakhala woyang'anira wa Laibulale ya Institute, wosonkhanitsidwa ndi Lorenzo de Zavala ndikuwerenga zonse zamakedzana komanso zamakono, ndikudziphatika m'malingaliro a buku lazophunzitsira komanso zolemba zamalamulo zaufulu.
Mu 1852 adasindikiza nyuzipepala yake yoyamba, Papachos, zomwe zidamupangitsa kuti achotsedwe ku Institute. Chaka chomwecho adayamba kuyendera dzikolo, kukhala mphunzitsi wamakalata oyamba komanso wolemba zosewerera komanso wopititsa patsogolo kampani yoyendera zisudzo, kuchokera "Zoseweretsa zampikisano". Ndipamene adalemba ntchito yovuta Morelos ku Cuautla, yemwe tsopano watayika, koma zomwe zidamupatsa kutchuka koyamba ndipo pambuyo pake manyazi, zikuwoneka, chifukwa pomwe adawerenga ntchito zake sanazizindikire.
Kenako adabwera ku City kudzayamba maphunziro ake a Law, makamaka mu Koleji ya San Juan de Letrán, yemwe mtengo wake udakwaniritsidwa chifukwa cha ntchito yake yophunzitsa: kuphunzitsa Chifalansa kusukulu yaboma.
Mu 1854 adasokoneza maphunziro ake kuti alowe nawo Kusintha kwa Ayutla, yemwe amafuna kulanda Santa Anna, wolamulira mwankhanza wopanda mwendo, kuti zaka zambirimbiri zowawa zidachitika mdzikolo. Altamirano adapita kumwera kwa Guerrero ndipo adadziyika yekha motsogozedwa ndi wamkulu Juan Alvarez. Chifukwa chake adayamba ntchito yake yandale komanso kuphunzira, kumenya nkhondo ndikubwerera m'maphunziro. Pambuyo pa kusinthaku, Ignacio Manuel adayambiranso maphunziro ake azamalamulo, koma adayenera kuwachokanso mu 1857, pomwe nkhondo ku Mexico idayambiranso, nthawi ino ndi ya Reform, yomwe idayambitsa magawano azaka zam'ma 1800 pakati pa osunga ufulu ndi owolowa manja.
Mu 1859 adamaliza kukhala loya ndipo, pomwe aufulu atapambana, adasankhidwa Wachiwiri kwa Congress of the Union, pomwe adawululidwa ngati m'modzi mwa oyankhula pagulu apanthawi yake, m'mawu angapo otchuka komanso owopsa.
Altamirano anakwatira Margarita Pérez Gavilán, mbadwa ya Tixtla nayenso ndipo mwana wamkazi wa mwana wamkazi wobadwa wa Vicente Guerrero: Doña Dolores Catalán Guerrero, yemwe anali ndi ana ambiri kuchokera ku banja lina. Ana awa, abale ake a Margarita (Catalina, Palma, Guadalupe ndi Aurelio) adatengedwa ndi Master, yemwe adawatcha dzina lake, kukhala ana enieni a Altamirano kuyambira pomwe iye ndi Margarita analibe ana.
Mu 1863 adalowa nawo nkhondo yolimbana ndi Chifalansa, motsutsana nawo komanso motsutsana ndi ufumu wa Maximilian waku Hasburg. Pa Okutobala 12, 1865, adasankhidwa kukhala Colonel ndi Purezidenti Juárez ndipo zonse zidapambana. Nawo Tsamba la Queretaro, komwe nthano ili, anali ngwazi yeniyeni ndipo atagonjetsa magulu ankhondo a Maximilian waku Hasburg, adakumana naye, yemwe amamujambula mu Zolemba Zake.
Mu 1867 adapuma pantchito kwamuyaya: adalengeza kale kuti amakonda ntchito yankhondo koma adalimbikitsidwa ndi malingaliro abwezeretsedwe a "munthu wankhondo ndi makalata." Republic itabwezeretsedwa, adalengeza kuti: "Ntchito yanga ndi lupanga yatha" ndipo adadzipereka kwathunthu m'makalata.
MOYO WOLEMBEDWA WA IGNACIO MANUEL ALTAMIRANO
Izi, komabe, sizinamulekanitse ndi ndale popeza anali wachiwiri kwa Congress of the Union kwa nthawi zitatu ndipo, panthawiyi, ntchito yake yopanga malamulo idakhalabe mfundo yamaphunziro aulere, osakakamiza komanso mokakamiza omwe adalankhula ya February 5, 1882. Zinalinso choncho loya wamkulu wa Republic, wozenga milandu, woweruza milandu komanso purezidenti wa Khothi Lalikulu, mkulu wa Unduna wa Zantchito, m'makhalidwe ake adalimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa owonera zakuthambo ndi nyengo komanso kumanganso njira zapa telegraphic.
Komabe, ntchito yake yofunikira kwambiri ndi yomwe adayamba kukonda chikhalidwe ndi zolemba zaku Mexico. Mphunzitsi wamibadwo iwiri ya oganiza komanso olemba, wolinganiza wotchuka "Madzulo Olemba" M'nyumba yake ku Calle de los Héroes, a Altamirano anali ndi nkhawa kuti mabuku aku Mexico anali ndi chikhalidwe chenicheni, kuti chitha kukhala chinthu chothandizira kulumikizana kwadziko, lowonongedwa ndi nkhondo zambiri, kulowererapo kwina konse, ufumu womwe udachokera ku Austria komanso osadziwika ngati mtundu. Ndipo izi sizitanthauza kuti adanyoza chikhalidwe cha madera ena, Altamirano mwina anali woyamba ku Mexico kufufuza mabuku a Chingerezi, Chijeremani, North America ndi Spanish aku America, omwe m'nthawi yake samadziwika ndi amuna ambiri amakalata..
Mu 1897 ndi Ignacio Ramírez ndi Guillermo Prieto adakhazikitsa Correo de México, koma mpaka mu 1859, mu Januwale, ndi pamene magazini yake yoyamba inatulutsidwa Kubadwa Kwatsopano, chochitika chosaiwalika m'mbiri ya mabuku a ku Mexico. Kuchokera pamasamba amenewo, aphunzitsi adayamba kubweretsa pamodzi olemba azikhulupiriro zonse, ndikuwonjezera luntha mu iyi, ntchito yayikulu yoyamba yomanganso dziko.
Mzimu wake wololerana pankhani zamakalata udawonetsedwa pakulimbikitsa komwe adapanga, kuchokera m'magazini yake mu ogwirizana anzeru ochokera mbali zonse. Umu ndi m'mene adakwanitsira kupangira ma romantics, neoclassicals ndi eclectics, osunga zodzitchinjiriza ndi omasuka, ma Juaristas ndi ma progressives, okhazikitsa manambala ndi ma novice m'makalata, olemba ndakatulo za bohemian, olemba nkhani olimba mtima, akatswiri olemba mbiri komanso amuna asayansi kuti alembe pamenepo.
Umu ndimomwe Altamirano unali mlatho pakati pa mbadwo wa ufulu wowunikiridwa, woimiridwa ndi Ignacio Ramírez, Francisco Zarco, Guillermo Prieto, Vicente Riva Palacio ndi m'badwo wa olemba achichepere monga Justo Sierra, Manuel Acuña, Manuel M. Flores, Juan de Dios Peza ndi Angel de Campo.
Kumapeto kwa kuzungulira kwa magazini ino, adakhazikitsa manyuzipepala Wolemba Federalist (1871) ndi La Tribuna (1875), adapanga Mgwirizano Woyamba Olembera, pokhala Purezidenti yemweyo ndi Francisco Sosa mlembi, adafalitsa Republic (1880nyuzipepala yodzipereka kuteteza zofuna za anthu ogwira nawo ntchito.
Zinali pulofesa mu National Preparatory School, School of Commerce, School of Jurisprudence, National School of Teachers ndi ena ambiri, omwe adapatsidwa dzina la Master.
Adalima buku komanso ndakatulo, nkhani yayifupi komanso nthano, kutsutsa, mbiri, zolemba, mbiri, maphunziro a mbiri yakale komanso zolemba zakale. Ntchito zake zofunika kwambiri ndi izi:
Nyimbo (1871), komwe adamasulira kukongola kwa malo aku Mexico ndi zolemba zake: Chifundo (1868), akuwona buku loyambirira lamakono ku Mexico, Julia (1870), Khrisimasi m'mapiri (1871), Antonia (1872), Beatriz (1873, wosakwanira), El Zarco (1901, adasindikiza atamwalira ndipo amafotokoza zochitika za wachifwamba, membala wa gulu la "Los Plateados") Y Athena (1935, osamalizidwa). Mavoliyumu awiri a Maonekedwe ndi Nthano (1884-1949) amabweretsa pamodzi ntchito zawo zamtundu wamakhalidwe, monga zolemba ndi zithunzi.
Pulogalamu ya Master Altamirano amwalira Lolemba, 13 February 1893 ku San Remo, Italy ikukhala ku Europe ndi Porfirio Díaz ku Consulate of Mexico ku Barcelona ndipo pambuyo pake ku France. Don Joaquín Casasús, mpongozi wa a Altamirano adalemba kutsazikana kotchuka komwe kudatulutsidwa pambuyo pake. Mtembo wake udawotchedwa ndipo phulusa lidasamutsidwa ku Mexico. Lero, malo ake ampumulo ku Rotunda of Men Illustrious Men.
