Mizinda isanakwane ku Spain ndi atsamunda a Monte Albán ndi Oaxaca ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali yazikhalidwe ndi miyambo yomwe muyenera kudziwa.
PHIRI LA ALBÁN
Ndi malo abwino kwambiri m'chigwa cha Oaxaca omwe akuwonetsa kusinthika kwapadera kwa dera lokhala ndi zikhalidwe zitatu zotsatizana: Olmec, Zapotec ndi Mixtec. Kukula kwake kwakukulu kudachitika kuyambira 350 mpaka 750 AD, pomwe anthu 25,000 mpaka 35,000 amakhala, adagawidwa kupitilira 6.5 km2, gawo pomwe zipilala zake zambiri zomwe timasilira lero, zidakhazikika paphiri mita 500 kutalika. , kuchokera pomwe mutha kuwona bwino chigwa chonsecho.
Pakufika esplanade yake yayitali ya mita 300, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomangamanga imapezeka mzipilala zake, zomwe zimadziwika kuti Los Danzantes, zomwe zimawonetsa miyala yambiri pamiyala pake, pomwe anthu amatha kuyamikiridwa. -Kuwonekera momveka bwino kwa Olmec- pamikhalidwe yovina, chifukwa chake limadziwika. System IV imapereka luso lofunika kwambiri pamapangidwe azikhalidwe zaku Zapotec: bwalo la kachisi, malo olimba pomwe zinthu zitatu izi zidachitidwa. M'nyumba yotchedwa Palace, ili ndi khonde labwino mkati momwe muli zipinda zingapo zomwe zimapangidwira. Masewera a mpira amakopa chidwi chifukwa cha kutsetsereka kwamakoma ake, ndi mwala wozungulira womwe umapezeka pansi pabwalo. Pakatikati mwa esplanade pali chitunda cha J, chowoneka ngati mutu wa muvi, womwe amakhulupirira kuti udakhala ngati malo owonera zakuthambo, ndi nyumba zina zitatu zomangidwa pamphepete mwa miyala. Ma nsanja akumpoto ndi kumwera amatseka olumikizana ndi malowa, mozungulira pali manda odziwika monga nambala 7 (yofufuzidwa mu 1932), yopangidwa ndi zinthu zabwino 500 ndi zopereka zokongola.
LIKULU LAPANSI LA OAXACA
Anthu a ku Spain atafika ku Oaxaca, adamanga Villa de Antequera pamalo pomwe Aaztec adakhazikitsa gulu lankhondo pafupifupi 1486 kuti alamulire chigwa, ndipo adalitcha Huaxyacac. Mzindawu udakhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo la Carlos V, pa Seputembara 14, 1526, komabe sunakopedwe mpaka 1529 ndi Alonso García Bravo, yemwe amakhala ku Mexico City, koma adatenga gridi yamagawo anayi yokhala ndi midadada ya 80 mita mulifupi. mbali. Likulu lakale la Oaxaca likadali ndi chithunzi cha mzinda wachikoloni, womwe cholowa chake chatsalira sichinasinthe, ndikuwonjezera kukongola ndi kukometsedwa kwa nyumba zomangidwa mzaka za 19th; palimodzi amapanga malo ogwirizana akumatauni. Chuma chakapangidwe kameneka chimawonetsedwa pamatchalitchi ake akulu, kachisi ndi nyumba yakale yachitetezo ya Santo Domingo, ndikusandulika malo osungira zinthu zakale kwambiri akachisi a Society of Jesus, San Agustín, San Felipe Neri ndi San Juan de Dios; msika wa Benito Juárez, komwe mungasangalalenso ndi gastronomy yabwino kwambiri yamalo; ndi Grand Theatre ya Makedonia Alcalá, pakati pa ena.
Mzinda wa Monte Albán umayimira luso lapadera popanga malo okongola (monga Machu Picchu ku Peru, olembedwa mu 1983). Kwa zaka zopitilira chikwi, Monte Albán adachita chidwi pachikhalidwe chonse cha Oaxaca, kuwonjezera, chifukwa chokhazikika kwa bwalo lake la mpira, akachisi ake okongola, manda ndi zojambulidwa zokhala ndi zolemba zakale, zikuyimira umboni wokhawo Zitukuko za Olmec, Zapotec ndi Mixtec, zomwe zidakhala m'derali mosadukiza komanso koyambirira. Ndipo zowonadi, Monte Albán ndichitsanzo chabwino kwambiri chazakakhazikitsidwe chisanachitike Columbian pakati pa Mexico lero.
Kumbali yake, likulu lakale la Oaxaca ndichitsanzo chabwino cha mzinda wachikoloni wazaka za zana la 16. Cholowa chake chambiri ndichimodzi mwamagulu olemera kwambiri komanso ogwirizana kwambiri pazomangamanga ndi zachipembedzo ku kontrakitala yaku America.
