Panthawi yokongola yazikhalidwe zisanachitike ku Spain monga Mayan, Mexica, ndi Totonac, komanso pakati pa Afoinike, Agiriki, ndi Aroma, nkhono zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pazipembedzo.
Pafupifupi zaka khumi zapitazo, nditangodumphira m'madzi ku Cozumel ndi woteteza bwino panyanja zathu, a Ramón Bravo, ndikukumbukira kuti ndidamuuza kuti tidye nsomba zam'madzi, kenako adayankha kuti: "Ndimapewa kudya mbale zokhazokha, chifukwa ndimawona kuti ndimapereka motere, osachepera pang'ono, kuteteza zamoyo zam'madzi ".
Zaka zambiri m'mbuyomu, katswiri wina wamaphunziro apamwamba a zamoyo zam'madzi, a Jacques Ives Cousteau, adati: "Gastropod mollusks amatha kutengedwa ngati nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha pafupifupi kulikonse padziko lapansi."
Nkhono zili m'gulu la nkhono ndipo lero zikuphatikizapo mitundu masauzande amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mdziko la nyama, ma mollusk amaimira gulu lachiwiri pakufunika kwamitundu yomwe yakhala ikufotokozedwa, yomwe ilipo yoposa mitundu ya zamoyo yopitilira 130 zikwi komanso pafupifupi 35 zikwi zakale; tizilombo tokha timaposa. Kufunika kwake kwachilengedwe makamaka chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwamakhalidwe ndi machitidwe: ambiri amatha kukhala m'magulu osiyanasiyana mu trophic network m'moyo wawo wonse, monga gawo la mphutsi za trocófora ndi velíger, zomwe pambuyo pake zimakula amakhala ndi zachilengedwe zomwe mbali yake ili yofanana.
Ma Mollusks, omwe dzina lawo lachilatini, mollis, limatanthauza "zofewa", amapangidwa ndi gulu lalikulu komanso losakanikirana la nyama zomwe sizimafanana; komabe, gulu la onsewo limatsata dongosolo loyambira kuchokera ku kholo limodzi lomwelo, lomwe linayamba patatsala nthawi yochepa kuti Cambrian, zaka 500 miliyoni zapitazo, pamene adakwawa pamiyala ndi m'munsi mwa madzi osaya.
Mbiri yakale ya nkhono ndi chifukwa cha nkhono zawo zamchere, zomwe zidawathandiza kuti azisamalira zakale komanso zomwe zidalemba bwino. Msana wokutidwa ndi chishango chokhotakhota, choteteza ziwalo zamkati, kuyambira pachiyambi, chidutswa cholimba ichi chazinthu zonyansa chotchedwa conchiolin, pambuyo pake chidalimbikitsidwa ndimakristal a calcium carbonate.
Nkhono ndi imodzi mwazinthu zopanda mafupa osiyanasiyana, ndipo chipolopolo chawo chimodzi, chovulala mwamphamvu, chimapanga nyumba zopanda malire: zopindika, zokutidwa, zothinana, zazitali, zosalala, zokometsera komanso zokongoletsa. Makulidwe awo amakhala pakati pa 2 ndi 6 cm kutalika, koma pali ang'onoang'ono komanso okulirapo. M'magulu ena a mollusks, mitundu ina ndi yayikulu, monga bivalve Tridacna yaku South Pacific, yokhala ndi 1.5 mita m'mimba mwake, kapena squid ndi ziphona zazikulu za gulu la cephalopod lomwe limatha kutalika mita imodzi.
Zomangamanga ZOSAVUTA NDI MAVALA
Zina mwazofala kwambiri ndi ma gastropod mollusks, odziwika bwino monga zipolopolo kapena nkhono. Izi ndi nyama zofewa zomwe sizingakhale zokongola zikadapanda zipolopolo zawo, zomwe zimawonedwa ngati zaluso zachilengedwe, zomwe zimakhala za 1 mpaka 40 cm kutalika. Mitundu yowala m'mbali mwa nyanja ndi m'miyala yamiyala yamchere imasiyanitsa ndimayendedwe amdima a iwo okhala ndi mthunzi wokhala ndi malo okhala ndi miyala; potero tili ndi kuti nkhono iliyonse ndi chifukwa chakusinthasintha kwa chilengedwe chake, pomwe mitundu ina imakhala yokongola komanso yamphamvu ya utoto wake mkati mwake.
Matenda a m'mimba adakumana ndi cheza chokulirapo pakati pa nkhono zam'madzi ndipo ndi olemera kwambiri; Amagawidwa m'malo onse pafupifupi kulikonse, momwe amakhala m'munsi mwa mchenga ndi matope ndi ming'alu yamiyala, miyala yamtengo wapatali, zombo zouma ndi mangrove, ndipo amatha kupulumuka kuchokera m'madzi, pamiyala yomwe mafunde amang'amba; ena adalanda madzi abwino ndikusinthasintha pafupifupi mawonekedwe onse am'madzi am'madzi mosiyanasiyana ndi mulitali; ndipo nsomba yam'mapapo yataya mitsempha yawo ndikusandulika chovala chamapapo, kuti igonjetse malo apadziko lapansi momwe amakhala nkhalango, nkhalango ndi zipululu, ndipo amakhala m'malire a chisanu chamuyaya.
Kuyambira kale, zolengedwa zokongolazi zopangidwa ndi nyama zopanda nyama zopanda kanthu zidakopa chidwi cha asayansi, olemekezeka komanso anthu wamba. Ambiri mwa anthu omwe amayendera magombe ndikupeza nkhono, amapita nayo kunyumba ndipo nthawi zambiri amangoganizira za kukongola kwa thupi kuti azikongoletsa mipando kapena mkati mwa chiwonetsero; Komabe, osonkhanitsa amasankha zitsanzo zawo mwadongosolo, pomwe ambiri amakonda kuwayamikira chifukwa cha kukoma kwawo, ndipo m'mphepete mwa nyanja zathu amatenga nthano za aphrodisiac.
Nyamazi zakhudza kwambiri chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndipo kuyambira nthawi zakale anthu ambiri akhala akuzigwiritsa ntchito pazipembedzo, zachuma, zaluso komanso zosangalatsa. Mitundu ina yamtengo wapatali chifukwa chakufunika kwawo kwachipembedzo komwe kwachitika m'mbiri yazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, komwe akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopereka ndi zokongoletsa kwa milungu ndi nyumba zina. Chifukwa chake, pakukongola kwazikhalidwe zisanachitike ku Puerto Rico monga Mayan, Mexica ndi Totonac. adatenga gawo lofunikira pakuwona kwake; Chimodzimodzi pakati pa Afoinike, Aigupto, Agiriki, Aroma ndi ena, omwe adazigwiritsanso ntchito ngati chakudya, zopereka, zodzikongoletsera, ndalama, zida, nyimbo, zokongoletsa ndi kulumikizana, komanso pakupeza utoto woti adye zovala za anthu olemekezeka .
Kudziko longa Mexico, lomwe lili ndi nyanja zambiri, nkhono za m'nyanja zikuyimira chinthu chofunikira chomwe chimapatsa ogwira ntchito asodzi, ophika, ogulitsa, ndi amisiri, komanso akatswiri asayansi yam'madzi, biology, ndi aquaculture. Kumbali inayi, kusiyanasiyana kwake kwapangitsa kuti pakhale mwayi wopanga kafukufuku ndikupanga chidziwitso chazambiri za gululi, zomwe zimathandiza kupanga zisankho molondola pakuwongolera gulu lalikulu la gastropod.
KUTETEZA NDI KUOPSA MITUNDU
Pamphepete mwathu, pakadali pano, mitundu yayikulu, yodyedwa kapena yowonongera, imakhudzidwa ndi kugwiridwa kwakukulu, monga abalones (Haliotis), ziboda (Cassis), pink murex (Hexaplex) ndi Black murex (Muricanthus), kapena nkhono zofiirira (Purpura patula) ku Pacific; Mofananamo, ku Gulf of Mexico ndi ku Caribbean, nkhono zazikulu kwambiri zatsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa, monga mfumukazi (Strombus gigas), newt (Charonia variegata), chimphona chachikulu (Pleuroploca gigantea), chiva wosowa (Busycon) contrarium), ng'ombe zonyezimira (Cypraea zebra), mbuzi yothwanima (Melongena corona) ndi tulip (Fasciolaria tulipa), komanso zomwe zimasowa, ndimayendedwe ochititsa chidwi, kapena chifukwa phazi lawo lamphamvu limatha kukhala lamalonda.
Ku Mexico ndi padziko lapansi, kupezeka kwa mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo kumayimira kuwonongeka kwazomwe zitha kutha, chifukwa palibe lamulo lapadziko lonse lapansi lachitetezo chawo; lero asayansi ndi asodzi apeza kuti kulibe malo omwe kuchotsera kwawo sikukuvulaza anthu awo. M'dziko lathu ndikofunikira kuteteza mitundu yayikulu ya nkhono monga choyambirira; Limbikitsani mapulogalamu oyenera ogwiritsira ntchito malonda ndikuchita kafukufuku wolongosoka pa mitundu yowopsa.
Mitundu ya mitundu yakomweko ndiyokwera, chifukwa pafupifupi mitundu 1 000 yafotokozedwera North America ndi 6 500 ku America yense, omwe timagawana nawo ambiri, popeza m'madzi a Gulf of Mexico opitilira mazana awiri okha adalembedwa nkhono zokhala ndi chipolopolo chakunja, zomwe ndi gawo la gastropod ndi bivalve class. Ngakhale nyama zam'madzi zonsezi zimawerengedwa kuti ndizochuluka, tikudziwa kuti ndizovuta kupeza malo osafikika monga mzaka zam'mbuyomu, chilichonse chimakhala ndipo kulibe malire pazomwe timadya.
Kuyambira ku pulayimale, ana amasiku ano amaphunzira zachilengedwe, amadziwa zachilengedwe ndikuphunzira za ubale wapakati pa zamoyo, chilengedwe ndi munthu. Mwina maphunziro achilengedwe awa amachepetsa zomwe zimachitika m'madzi, sizachedwa kwambiri; Koma ngati chiwerengerochi chikupitilira chiwonongeko chitha kukhala chodabwitsa kwambiri kuposa zachilengedwe zapadziko lapansi. Mbadwa za mitundu yoyamba ya moyo padziko lapansi zitha kutha, ndipo ndi zojambulajambula zokongola, zomwe ndi mitundu yopanda malire ndi mawonekedwe zimasangalatsa waluso womaliza, kunyengerera anthu wamba ndipo mawonekedwe awo osakhazikika amakhutiritsa wokhometsa wovuta kwambiri; Zilibe kanthu kwenikweni, ngati ndi zolengedwa zokha zopangidwa ndi nyama yopanda nyama, yomwe nthawi zonse imakhala ndi nyumba yake kumbuyo.
Gwero: Mexico Yosadziwika No. 273 / Novembala 1999
