M'madera akutali a mapiri ndi zigwa za ku Sierra Madre Occidental, zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zikhalidwe zakhala zaka zambiri; ena asowa ndipo ena asinthanso njira zomwe zidawasunga amoyo mpaka pano.
Malire a mayiko a Nayarit, Jalisco, Zacatecas ndi Durango amapanga dera lophatikizana pomwe Huichols, Coras, Tepehuanos ndi Mexicoeros amakhala. Otsatira atatu oyamba ndi magulu ambiri ndipo adakhalapo mutu wamaphunziro azambiriyakale ndi anthropological, mosiyana ndi aku Mexico omwe adakhalabe osadziwika.
Pakali pano pali malo atatu okhala ku Mexico: Santa Cruz, m'boma la Nayarit, ndi San Agustín de San Buenaventura ndi San Pedro Jícoras, kumwera chakum'mawa kwa boma la Durango. Maderawo amakhala m'mipata momwe palibe misewu. Kusamutsidwa ndi zotsatira za kuyenda kwakutali komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wosangalala ndi kutentha ndikuwona midzi, mitsinje ndi zitsime. Amaperekanso mwayi wowonera zinyama ndi zinyama zokhala ndi mitundu yosaoneka bwino komanso yokongola monga nkhono, ntchentche, oyamwa, agologolo ndi agwape.
Munthawi ya chilala ndizotheka kupeza malankhulidwe agolide ndi amkuwa a zitunda, zomwe zimatipangitsa kulingalira mizere ya anthu ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Nkhani yake
Anthu a ku Mexico ndi gulu lomwe limalankhula Chinawato. Chiyambi chake chadzetsa mikangano yambiri, sizikudziwika ngati ndi ochokera ku Tlaxcala, ngati ikuchokera ku Sierra yomwe idali Nahuatlized nthawi ya Colony, kapena ngati ndi anthu omwe adabwerera ku Sierra nthawi yomweyo. Chowonadi ndichakuti ndi gulu lomwe mwachikhalidwe limakhala la oponya mivi ndipo nthano zawo ndi zaku Mesoamerica. Ponena za zopeka, akuti kalekale maulendo aulendo ankachoka kumpoto komwe kumapita pakatikati pa chiwombankhanga. Kuchokera paulendowu, mabanja ena adakhala ku Tenochtitlan ndipo ena adapitilira kudzera ku Janitzio ndi Guadalajara mpaka atafika kwawo.
Miyambo yaulimi
Anthu aku Mexicoeros amachita ulimi wamvula pa dothi lamiyala, motero amalola malo kupumula kwa zaka khumi kuti agwiritsenso ntchito. Amabzala chimanga ndikuphatikiza ndi sikwashi ndi nyemba. Ntchitoyi imachitika ndi mabanja apabanja komanso mabanja ena. Zikondwerero zaulimi ndizofunikira pakulera pagulu. Zomwe zimatchedwa mitotes, miyambo ya oxuravet, ndi miyambo yofunsira mvula, kuyamikira mbewu, kudalitsa zipatso ndikupempha thanzi. Mwachidule, ndi mwambo wopempha moyo womwe umachitika m'mabwalo kuyambira kalekale kwa mabanja omwe ali ndi mayina achibale komanso mdera lomwe lili m'malo azandale. Amachita zikondwerero zapakati pa chimodzi kapena zisanu munthawi iliyonse yachisanu. Magawo amtundu wa anthu ndi awa: elxuravetde cholembera oiwit (February-Marichi), aguaat (Meyi-Juni) ndi eloteselot (Seputembara-Okutobala).
Mwambo umafuna kuti anthu ambiri akhalebe pabwalo ndikuchita nawo zochitika. Mwambowu umakhala masiku asanu ndikuwongoleredwa ndi "meya wa patio", wophunzitsidwa zaka zisanu kuti akhale ndi moyo wathanzi. Anthu akumidzi amanyamula maluwa ndi chipika, m'mawa, mpaka tsiku lachinayi. Zopereka izi zimayikidwa paguwa lansembe lomwe limayang'ana chakum'mawa. Meya wapakhonde amapemphera kapena "amapereka gawo" m'mawa, masana komanso masana; ndiye kuti dzuwa likatuluka, likakhala pachimake komanso likamalowa.
Patsiku lachinayi, usiku, kuvina kumayamba ndikutenga nawo gawo amuna, akazi ndi ana. Mkuluyo waika chida choimbira mbali imodzi yamoto kuti woimbayo aone kum'mawa pamene akuyimba. Amuna ndi akazi amavina phokoso zisanu mozungulira moto usiku wonse ndikulowetsa "Dance of Deer". Ana aamuna amafuna kuchitapo kanthu modabwitsa ndi woimbayo, yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito chida chopangidwa ndi bule wamkulu, yemwe amagwira ntchito ngati bokosi lamasamba, ndi uta wamatabwa wokhala ndi chingwe chomenyera. Utawu umayikidwa pa mphonda ndikumenyedwa ndi timitengo tating'ono. Phokoso ndi Mbalame Yakuda, Nthenga, Tamale, Mbawala ndi Big Star.
Kuvina kumatha m'mawa, ndikugwa kwa agwape. Kuvina uku kumayimiriridwa ndi bambo yemwe wanyamula chikopa cha nswala kumbuyo kwake ndi mutu wake mmanja. Amafanizira kusaka kwawo ndikutsatiridwa ndi munthu wina yemwe amawoneka ngati galu. Mbawalayo amachita nthabwala komanso zoyipa kwa omwe amatenga nawo mbali. Usiku, ambiri ali ndi udindo wowongolera kukonzekera kwa chakudya chamwambo, mothandizidwa ndi mayordoma ndi azimayi ena ammudzimo.
"Chuina" ndiye chakudya chamwambo. Ndi nyama yamphesa yosakanikirana ndi mtanda. Kutacha, okalamba kwambiri ndipo ambiri a iwo amasamba kumaso ndi m'mimba ndi madzi. Mwambowu umaphatikizaponso mawu a katswiri wazamalamulo yemwe amakumbukira udindo wopitiliza kumwa kwa masiku anayi kuti "azitsatira" milungu yomwe imapangitsa kukhalapo kwawo.
Pamwambowu, mawu ndi zikhalidwe zimawonetsa momwe gululi limawonera mosadukiza; zizindikiro ndi tanthauzo, kuphatikiza pakuwonetsa ubale wapakati pakati pa munthu ndi chilengedwe. Mapiri, madzi, dzuwa, moto, nyenyezi yayikulu, Yesu Khristu, ndi zochita za munthu, zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kukhalanso ndi moyo.
Maphwando
Zikondwerero zachikhalidwe cha makolo nzochuluka. Anthu aku Mexico amakondwerera Candelaria, Carnival, Sabata Lopatulika, San Pedro, Santiago ndi Santur.
Zambiri mwa zikondwererozi zimakonzedwa ndi mayordomías omwe amalipiritsa pachaka.
Zikondwererochi zimatha masiku asanu ndi atatu ndikukonzekera chaka chimodzi. Dzulo, dzulo, tsiku, kubweretsa gule, pakati pa ena, ndi masiku omwe mayordomos amapereka chakudya kwa oyera mtima, kukonza tchalitchi ndikukonzekera ndi akuluakulu am'magawo kuti azisewera "Palma y Nsalu ", momwe achinyamata ndi" Malinche "amatenga nawo mbali. Zovala zawo zimakhala zokongola ndipo amavala zisoti zachifumu zopangidwa ndi pepala lachi China.
Kuvina kumatsagana ndi nyimbo, mayendedwe ovina komanso kusintha. Imaperekedwanso pamayendedwe, pomwe mayordomos amanyamula zofukizira zopatulika.
Sabata Yoyera ndi chikondwerero chokhwima kwambiri chodziletsa, monga kudya nyama, kukhudza madzi amtsinje chifukwa ukuimira magazi a Khristu, ndikumvera nyimbo; izi zimafika pamlingo wokwanira ikafika nthawi yowaswa.
Pa "Loweruka laulemerero" othandizira amasonkhana mu tchalitchi, ndipo gulu la zingwe za violin, magitala ndi guitarrón amatanthauzira ma polkas asanu. Kenako gulu lokhala ndi zithunzizo limasiya, kuwombera maroketi, ndipo mayordomos amanyamula madengu akuluakulu okhala ndi zovala za oyera mtima.
Amapita kumtsinje, komwe woperekera chikho amawotcha roketi kuti asonyeze kuti waloledwa kale kukhudza madzi. Mayordomos amatsuka zovala za oyera mtima ndikuziyanika pazitsamba zapafupi. Pakadali pano, mayordomos amapatsa opezekapo, kutsidya lina la mtsinje, magalasi ochepa a "guachicol" kapena mezcal omwe amapangidwa m'derali. Zithunzizo zibwezeredwa kukachisi ndipo zovala zoyera ndikuziikanso.
Chikondwerero china ndi cha Santur kapena Difuntos. Kukonzekera kwa zoperekazo ndizodziwika bwino ndipo amayika zopereka m'nyumba ndi mukulambira. Amadula zukini, chimanga pachimake ndi nandolo, ndikupanga mikate yaying'ono, makandulo, kuphika maungu ndikupita kumanda ndikudula maluwa a javielsa panjira. M'manda mumaperekedwa zopereka za akuluakulu komanso za ana chifukwa cha ndalama ndi maswiti kapena makeke anyama. Kutali, pamwamba pa zitunda, mayendedwe amagetsi amatha kusiyanitsidwa mumdima; Ndiwo achibale omwe amapita mtawoni komanso kumayiko ena. Atayika zopereka zawo, amapita kutchalitchicho ndipo mkati mwake amayikapo zopereka zina ndi makandulo mozungulira; ndiye anthu amayang'ana usiku wonse.
Anthu ochokera kumadera ena amabwera kuphwando la San Pedro, chifukwa ndi oyang'anira modabwitsa kwambiri. San Pedro ikuwonetsa kuyamba kwa nyengo yamvula, ndipo anthu amayembekezera tsikulo. Pa June 29 amapereka msuzi wa ng'ombe masana; oyimba amayenda kumbuyo kwa amene wawalemba ntchito ndikudutsa mtawuniyi. Kakhitchini ka ogulitsa zakumwa kamadzaza madzi ndi azimayi komanso abale. Usiku kumakhala gulu, ndikuvina, olamulira, omwetsa mowa komanso anthu onse. Pamapeto paulendo wawo, amawotcha maroketi osawerengeka omwe amawunikira thambo ndi nyali zawo zakanthawi kwakanthawi. Kwa Mexicoeros, tsiku lililonse lokondwerera limakhala ndi nthawi yolima komanso nthawi yachisangalalo.
