Nyanja yakhala mlatho wofunikira kwambiri wolumikizirana ndi anthu. Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, Nyanja ya Atlantic inali kulumikizana kokha pakati pa Dziko Lakale ndi Chatsopano.
Chifukwa chakupezeka kwa America, Gulf of Mexico idakhala gawo lofunikira pakuyenda ku Europe, makamaka komwe kumachokera ku mzinda waukulu waku Spain. Zombo zoyambirira zomwe zidadutsa apaulendo wamagalimoto ndi magalimoto. Zambiri mwa zombozi zidatha m'madzi aku Mexico.
Zowopsa zomwe sitima yomwe idayerekeza kuwoloka panyanja yokha inali yowerengeka. Mwinanso kuwopseza kwakukulu kwa nthawi imeneyo kunali mikuntho ndi ziwopsezo za achifwamba, ma corsairs ndi buccaneers, omwe adakopeka ndi chuma chochokera ku America. Poyesayesa kuteteza zombo zake zonse komanso chuma chomwe anali nacho, Spain idakhazikitsa njira zoyenda kwambiri zanthawiyo m'zaka za zana la 16: zombo.
Mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 16, Korona adalamula kuchoka kwa zombo ziwiri zapachaka, za New Spain ndi za Tierra Firme, zotetezedwa ndi gulu lankhondo lachifumu. Choyamba chinali kuchoka mu Epulo kupita ku Gulf of Mexico ndipo chachiwiri mu Ogasiti kupita ku Isthmus of Panama. Onsewa adachita nyengo yozizira ku America ndikubwerera masiku okhazikika kuti akalandire nyengo yabwino. Komabe, izi zidathandizira kuwukira kwa adani, omwe adadziyika okha mozemba pamalo oyenera ndikubisalira achifwamba ndi oyendetsa ndege, panali zifukwa zina zomwe sitima kapena zombo zimatha kumira, monga kusowa kwa luso la oyendetsa ndege komanso kusachita bwino pamapu ndi zida zoyendera.
Zina mwazimene zinali moto kapena kuphulika komwe kunayambitsidwa ndi mfuti yomwe idakwera, ndikuwonongeka kwa mabwato komanso ogwira ntchito omwe adachitika zaka zambiri.
Kuyimira kwa Gulf of Mexico m'matcha ndi mamapu oyenda m'zaka za zana la 16 ndi 17 sizinalembetse kusintha kwakukulu. Zilumba zomwe zili pafupi ndi Yucatan zidapitilirabe kuyimiridwa mokokomeza mpaka zaka za zana la 18, mwina pofuna kudziwitsa oyendetsa sitima za zoopsa zomwe anali nazo, popeza kuyenda m'derali kunali kovuta chifukwa chakupezeka kwa mafungulo ndi miyala, Mafunde am'mphepete mwa nyanja, mvula zamkuntho ndi kumpoto ndi madzi osaya pafupi ndi gombe. Oyendetsa sitimawo anabatiza miyala ina ndi mayina monga "kugona tulo", "maso otseguka" ndi "mchere ngati mungathe."
PIRATES, CORSAIRS NDI BUCANERS. Pamene misewu yotumizira imafalikira padziko lonse lapansi, achifwamba, ma corsairs, ndi ma buccaneers nawonso adakulitsanso magwiridwe antchito. Chofunikira chake chachikulu chinali kupeza chilumba kapena doko komwe angakhazikitsire malo ake, kuti athe kukonza zombo zake ndikudzipezera zonse zofunika kuzunzidwa. Gulf of Mexico inali malo abwino chifukwa cha zilumba zake zochuluka komanso kuchuluka kwa zombo zomwe zidadutsa pamadziwo.
Osewera odziwika kwambiri anali Angerezi, ngakhale mayiko monga France, Holland ndi Portugal nawonso adathandizira pakuba anthu nthawiyo. Achifwamba ena amachita mothandizidwa ndi maboma awo, kapena ndi olemekezeka omwe amawathandiza kuti adzalandire zabwino zawo pambuyo pake.
Madoko awiri omwe anawonongedwa kwambiri ku Mexico anali San Francisco de Campeche ndi Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz. Ena mwa achifwamba omwe ankagwira ntchito ku Gulf of Mexico ndi a John Hawkins a ku England ndi a Francis Drake, a Dutchman Cornelio Holz otchedwa "Pata de Palo", Cuban Diego "El Mulato", Laurens Graff yemwe amadziwika kuti Lorencillo komanso Grammont. Kupezeka kwa Mary Read ndiwodziwika bwino, m'modzi mwa azimayi ochepa omwe amachita zachinyengo, ngakhale panali zoletsa panthawiyo kwa akazi.
KUPULUMUTSA MAYESERO. Nthawi iliyonse sitimayo ikasweka, olamulira oyandikana nawo kapena woyendetsa sitimayo amayenera kukonza ntchito zopulumutsa, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kupeza malo osweka ndikulemba maboti ndi ena osiyanasiyana kuti achite momwe angathere. anatayika panyanja. Komabe, nthawi zambiri samakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri chifukwa cha zovuta za ntchitoyo komanso ziphuphu komanso kusachita bwino kwa olamulira aku Spain. Nthawi zambiri zinali zotheka kubwezeretsanso gawo la mfuti.
Kumbali inayi, zinali zachilendo kuti oyendetsa sitimayo idasweka kuba chuma chomwe chimanyamula. Ngoziyo ikanachitika pafupi ndi gombe, anthu am'deralo amabwera pogwiritsa ntchito njira iliyonse, pofuna kupeza gawo la malonda omwe adanyamulidwa, makamaka golide ndi siliva.
Miyezi ingapo ndipo ngakhale zaka zingapo chombo chidamira, chilolezo chapadera chimatha kupemphedwa kuchokera ku Korona kuti akafufuze katundu wake. Imeneyi idakhala ntchito ya Athandizi. Mpandowo unali mgwirizano womwe ntchito zaboma zimaperekedwa kwa anthu wamba kunja kwa oyang'anira achifumu. Munthuyu adalonjeza kuti adzabwezeretsanso chuma chomwe chidalowetsedwa posinthana ndi peresenti.
Wodziwika bwino panthawiyo anali Diego de Florencia, wokhala ku Cuba yemwe banja lake lidatumikira mafumu achi Spain mibadwo ingapo. Zolemba zomwe zili mu Parish Archives of the Cathedral of Havana zikuwonetsa kuti kumapeto kwa 1677 kaputeni uyu adapempha chilolezo kuti abwezeretse katundu wa Galleon Nuestra Señora del Juncal, imodzi mwamaofesi awiri a New Spain Fleet a 1630. olamulidwa ndi Captain General Miguel de Echazarreta ndipo adatayika mu Campeche Sound mu 1631. Anapemphanso chilolezo chofufuza sitima iliyonse yomwe idasweka ku Gulf of Mexico, Apalache ndi ku Windward Islands. Zikuwoneka kuti sanapeze chilichonse.
MITUNDU YA NEW SPAIN, 1630-1631. Zikuwoneka kuti imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri m'nyengo yamakoloni inali yomwe idakwera ndende ya Fleet of New Spain yomwe idanyamuka kuchokera ku Cádiz mu 1630, motsogozedwa ndi Captain Echazarreta, ndipo idamira m'madzi abwino patatha chaka chimodzi.
Zomwe zili m'malo osungira zakale ku Mexico, Cuba ndi Spain zatilola kuti tiyambe kukonzanso zochitika zomwe zidazunguliridwa ndi zombo zomwe zidapangidwa ndi zombozi, kuphatikiza zikwangwani zawo, zombo zotchedwa Santa Teresa ndi Nuestra Señora del Juncal. Otsatirawa adakali adyera pakati pa osaka chuma padziko lonse lapansi, omwe amangofunafuna phindu lawo osati chuma chenicheni chomwe ndi chidziwitso cha mbiriyakale.
MBIRI YA MPHAMVU. Munali mu Julayi 1630 pomwe New Spain Fleet idakwera ngalawa kuchokera ku doko la Sanlúcar de Barrameda ndikufika komaliza ku Veracruz, limodzi ndi woperekeza wopangidwa ndi ma galleon asanu ndi atatu ndi patache.
Patadutsa miyezi 15, mu nthawi yophukira mu 1631, New Spain Fleet idachoka ku San Juan de Ulúa kupita ku Cuba kukakumana ndi Tierra Firme Fleet ndikubwerera ku Old Continent.
Masiku angapo asananyamuke, Captain Echazarreta anamwalira ndipo adasinthidwa ndi Admiral Manuel Serrano de Rivera, ndi Nao Nuestra Señora del Juncal, omwe adabwera ngati Captain, adabweranso ngati Admiral.
Pomaliza, Lolemba, Okutobala 14, 1631, zombozo zidapita kunyanja. Masiku angapo pambuyo pake chinayang'ana kumpoto komwe kunasanduka mkuntho woopsa, womwe unapangitsa kuti zombozi zibalalike. Ena adamira, ena adagwa pansi pomwe ena adakwanitsa kufikira magombe oyandikira.
Maumboni ndi zikalata zomwe zidasungidwa mdziko muno komanso zakunja zikuwonetsa kuti omwe adapulumuka adatengedwa kupita ku San Francisco de Campeche ndipo kuchokera kumeneko kupita ku Havana, kuti abwerere kwawo ndi Tierra Firme Fleet, yomwe idatsalira ku Cuba zombo zowonongeka.
CHOLOWA CHA DZIKO LONSE. Pakapita nthawi, zombo zilizonse zomwe zidathera m'madzi a Gulf of Mexico zakhala tsamba m'mbiri kuti akatswiri ofukula zakale amafufuza.
Zombo zomwe zili m'madzi aku Mexico ndizodzaza ndi zinsinsi kuti zidziwike komanso chuma chomwe chimaposa chuma. Izi zimapangitsa Mexico kukhala amodzi mwa mayiko omwe ali ndi mbiri yolemetsa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo imapatsa udindo woteteza ndikufufuza mwa sayansi ndi mwadongosolo kuti agawane ndi anthu onse.
