Mzinda wa Querétaro, womwe udakhazikitsidwa pa Julayi 15, 1532, udawonedwa ngati mzinda wachitatu wofunika kwambiri ku New Spain chifukwa chazomwe zili, zomwe zidawalola kuti azikhala ngati malo opezera migodi yayikulu mozungulira.
Mzinda wopangidwa ndi nzika zamphamvu, udaphatikizika ndi luso lapadera ndikumasulira mwanjira yake zisonkhezero za wogonjetsayo, makamaka iwo ochokera kumwera kwa Spain, komwe zomangamanga za Mudejar zidasiya chiphunzitso chozama.
Querétaro idakongola kwambiri m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu, pomwe zipembedzo khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu zidakhazikika mnyumba yomwe idamanga zomangamanga zazikuluzikulu zomwe titha kuzisilira lero komanso zomwe zidapangitsa kuti UNESCO idziwe kuti ndi cholowa chachikhalidwe cha anthu mu 1996.
Ndikokakamizidwa kuyenda mu Historic Center ya mzinda wa Querétaro, kuchokera ku Sangremal kupita ku kachisi wa Santa Rosa de Viterbo, komanso kuchokera ku Alameda kupita kudera la Otra Banda, komwe chilengedwe kuyambira kale chimakhazikika ndi umodzi mwamizinda wamphamvu kwambiri mdzikolo. Zikumbutso zotsatirazi sizingaphonye paulendowu: Aqueduct, ntchito yayikulu yopanga zomangamanga yomwe imalola kuti madzi azinyamulidwa kuchokera akasupe kupita kummawa kwa mzindawu ndikuphatikizanso chitukuko cha mzindawo mzaka za 17th, zomwe zidayamba mu 1723 ndi Marquis wa Villa del Villar del Águila; Zipilala zake zomanga 72, zazikuluzikulu mwa izo 23 m kutalika, ndi 13 mita kuyeretsa, zidatsogolera madziwo ku akasupe amtundu wa anthu omwe adasungidwabe, monga Mkango, ku nyumba yachifumu yaku Franciscan ku Santa Cruz , yomwe ili kumtunda kwenikweni kwa mzindawo ndi kumapeto kwa Aqueduct. Mwa magwero awa, imodzi ya Neptune imadziwika kwambiri ndi mtundu wake, mu atrium ya kachisi wa Santa Clara (Madero ndi Allende); Chithunzi chake (chosemedwa, choyambirira chili ku Municipal Palace) akuti chinali cha Khristu yemwe adasandulika Neptune, komwe amatchulidwako. Ndikofunika kupita ku Kasupe Wopachikidwa pa Zaragoza Avenue, Santo Domingo Avenue ndi Kasupe wa Hebe ku Benito Zenea Garden.
Pakati pazomanga zomanga nyumba ndizodziwika bwino pomanga nyumba zachifumu, zomwe zili pabwalo lalikulu, Nyumba Yachifumu yapano, komwe corregidora, Akazi a Joseph Ortiz de Domínguez, achenjeza kuti gulu lodziyimira pawokha liyambe. Casa de Ecala ili pamalo omwewa, kumadzulo, ndi chojambula chamwala chokongola, chosemedwa bwino. Kasupe wa Agalu amatchulidwa kuti ndi akasupe ake okhala ndi agalu anayi, omwe amapanga mzati womwe umathandizira chithunzi cha wopatsa mwayi wa Querétaro, Marqués de la Villa del Villar del Águila. Tikadutsa msewu wakale wa Biombo (lero Andador 5 de Mayo) tikupeza nyumba ya Conde de Regla kapena Nyumba ya Patios Asanu, yokhala ndi bwalo lokongola la mabwalo a "polylobed" komanso ntchito yodabwitsa pamwala wapangodya womwe umapanga kufikira zipinda, komanso chipongwe chabwino, ntchito yaku France yopanga mwina kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 19. Timapezanso Casa de la Marquesa, chitsanzo cha zomangamanga zokongola za "Mudejar", zomwe lero zasandulika hotelo; Chipata chake ndi zipilala zake zabodza zomwe zimakhazikitsa bwalolo ndizabwino.
Querétaro imadziwika ndi mabwalo ake, misewu ndi nyumba zake, chifukwa chake akuti akuyendera mabwalo ake, pomwe nyumba zambiri zimapezeka. Mabwalowa amalumikizidwa kudzera mumisewu yokongola yamatabwa (miyala yamiyala yolimba yochokera kuchigwacho, yojambulidwa ndi manja, yomwe imapatsa mawonekedwe apadera pafupifupi m'misewu yonse ya Historic Center) yomwe kale inali yolumikizidwa ndi malo awo owumbako osinthidwa theka lachiwiri la zaka zana amene amapita.
Kuyambira posachedwa ndi Casa Mota, m'njira yovuta kwambiri, pa Madero Street, kutsogolo kwa Santa Clara - yomwe ili ndi cholumikizira cha padding -. Nyumba yachifumu ya Municipal, yomwe cholumikizira chake chimafanananso ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe, ngakhale mawonekedwe ake mkati ndi akale, lero abwezeretsedwanso bwino ndipo ndiye mpando waboma la Municipal; Ili mbali yakumwera kwa munda wakale wamaluwa wa Santa Clara convent - womwe tsopano wasandulika kukhala Guerrero Garden--, ndipo ili ndi malo osokedwa pafupipafupi aku India, omwe amapezeka nthawi zonse m'mabwalo a Bajío aku Mexico.
Ponena za zomangamanga zachipembedzo, simungaphonye kachisi ndi malo osungiramo nyumba ya Santa Rosa de Viterbo, mosakayikira nyumba yoyimira nyumba yokongola kwambiri ya baroque yokongoletsedwa bwino, pomwe chojambula choyambirira cha zipilala zake, khonde, nsanja, mzikiti komanso zamkati. Pali zinthu zosawerengeka zomwe zimapangitsa chidwi cha aliyense: mabotolo ake otembenuka a botorel - chinthu chosayerekezereka ndi wopanga mapulani Mariano de las Casas-, zomangira zipilala zake zokongola, gulu loimba lakumunsi-lochokera ku Germany-, sacristy yake, pomwe tebulo lake limaonekera. zokongoletsa za moyo ndi zojambula za Khristu ndi atumwi; Malo ake ogwirira ntchito lero ndi sukulu yophunzitsa zaluso. Kachisi ndi nyumba ya masisitere ya San Agustín, nyumba yomalizidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18, yomwe lero yasandulika Art Museum, ndichitsanzo chodziwika bwino cha luso la miyala ya Queretaro; chovala chake, chitsanzo cha "kopitilira muyeso-baroque", ndi ntchito yosayerekezeka pazambiri zake.
Nyumba ya amonke ndi kachisi wa Santa Clara ili ndi maguwa okongola a ma baroque opangidwa ndi matabwa; Mu ntchitoyi, ntchito ya wosula zitsulo idayimba kwaya yakunyumba komanso pazosanja zakumtunda; kuchuluka kwa kukongoletsa kwake ndi chitsanzo chowoneka bwino cha kukongola komwe kumapezeka mu zokongoletsera zamaluwa, kulemera kwake kwamapangidwe kumapangitsa maguwa ake, pamodzi ndi a Santa Rosa de Viterbo, ntchito zodziwika bwino kwambiri zokongola za m'badwo wagolide wa Queretaro.
Kodi querétaro amatanthauza chiyani?
Pali mitundu iwiri: imodzi, kuti mawuwo amachokera ku Tarascan queretaparazicuyo, kutanthauza "masewera amiyendo", ndikuti chidule ku Querétaro; ndi inayo, ya querenda, yomwe mchilankhulo chomwecho imatanthauza "mwala waukulu kapena thanthwe", kapena queréndaro: "malo amiyala yayikulu kapena miyala".
Capital kawiri
Mzinda wa Querétaro wakhala likulu kawiri ku Mexico Republic: woyamba mu 1848, pomwe Manuel de la Peña y Peña anali purezidenti, ndipo wachiwiri mu 1916, pomwe Venustiano Carranza adalanda mzindawu.
