Makedoniya Alcalá Theatre-Casino ku Oaxaca ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha zomangamanga zomwe zidapangidwa ku Mexico nthawi ya boma la General Porfirio Díaz, yomwe idakhala zaka zopitilira 30 (kuyambira 1876 mpaka 1911, ndikusokonezedwa ndi Manuel González [1880-1884] Mchigawo cha Pulezidenti.
Kukula kwachuma mdzikolo nthawi imeneyo kudapangitsa kuti ntchito zomanga zithandizire kwambiri pamafashoni ku Europe (makamaka ku France), pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono komanso zopangira zinthu za nthawi imeneyo: chitsulo chosungunula ndi konkriti, kuyambira theka lachiwiri la 19th century.
Makhalidwe omwe amaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu za mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamapangidwe amadziwika kuti eclecticism. Ku Oaxaca, komwe a General Díaz adabadwira, nyumba zina zofunika zidamangidwa ndizinthu izi, monga zomangamanga zazikulu zopangidwa ndi Alcalá Theatre ndi Oaxaca Casino. Chojambulacho chosemedwa, chopangidwa ndi neoclassical komanso chifumu chachifumu cha mbale zachitsulo chomwe chimamaliza mbali yayikulu, khonde la Louis XV, Kasino ndi gawo lalikulu lachifumu, zimakhazikika pamagulu a 1,795 m2.
Itatsegulidwa, nyumbayi idagawika m'madipatimenti anayi akuluakulu: malo olandirira alendo, holo, bwalo lamasewera ndi Casino, ndi zipinda zake zaphwando, kuwerenga, ma biliyadi, masewera a makhadi, ma domino, chess ndi bala. Inalinso ndi malo angapo ogulitsa akunja, omwe pakali pano amakhala ndi State Newspaper Library komanso Miguel Cabrera Art Gallery.
Malo olandirira bwino omwe ali ndi malo okhala bwino amakhala ndi masitepe oyera a mabulosi oyera ndipo padenga fanizo la kupambana kwa zaluso, lolembedwa ndi Albino Mendoza. Wojambula uyu ndi abale a Valencian Tarazona ndi Trinidad Galván, akatswiri ojambula nthawi yawo, adakongoletsa nyumbayi.
Chipindacho chili ndi mipando yamitundu isanu ndipo chimatha kukhala ndi owonera 800. Gawo la sitejiyo ndi 150 m2.
Chophimba cha pakamwa chimapereka chithunzi cha malo andale zachi Greek ndi Parthenon ndi Phiri la Parnassus; Pakati pa mitambo mumatha kuwona galeta la ApoIo likukoka mahatchi anayi okhathamira ndikuwongoleredwa ndi Gloria, ndipo mozungulira ilo, ma muses asanu ndi anayi, iliyonse ili ndi malingaliro amalonda awo.
Pamwamba pa chipinda muli zithunzi za Moliere, Calderón de Ia Barca, Juan Ruiz de Alarcón, Víctor Hugo, Shakespeare, Verdi, Racine, Beethoven ndi Wagner, akatswiri ojambula bwino kwambiri. Chojambula chapakati cha denga ndi nyali sizoyambirira. Pa Ogasiti 7, 1904, Bwanamkubwa Emilio Pimentel adayika mwala woyamba kumanja kwa chitseko chachikulu. Theatre, yomwe zomangamanga zake zimayang'anira ukatswiri wankhondo a Rodolfo Franco, adatsegulidwa mokoma mtima pa Seputembara 5, 1909. Dzinalo lidali Teatro Casino Luis Mier y Terán, polemekeza kazembe wa ku Porfirian yemwe amalamulira Oaxaca, yemwe chithunzi chake chimapezeka mu gawo lapakati la chipilalacho. Munthawi ya Revolution, adasinthidwa kukhala Jesús Carranza, dzina lomwe adasunga mpaka 1933 pomwe adagwirizana kuti amutche Macedonia Alcalá pokumbukira wolemba "Mulungu Sadzafa" wachikhalidwe, nyimbo yovomerezeka ya Oaxaca. Chikhalidwe chomwe chimapangitsa Alcalá kukhala wapadera ndi zokongoletsa zokongoletsera zamkati zomwe zimaphatikizapo mawonekedwe, zida zoimbira, angelo, ma pistoni, mipukutu, ndi zina zambiri, zogawidwa m'zipinda zonse, zopangidwa mwaluso ndi matabwa, pulasitala ndi papier-mâché.
Tsoka ilo, sikuti zokongoletsa zonse izi zili bwino, chifukwa pazaka makumi asanu ndi atatu zokha nyumba yomangayi yakhala ngati malo opangira ntchito zapamwamba, ma opera ndi zarzuelas, komanso vaudeville, mayesero achidule mu Revolution, zikondwerero za banal, kumaliza maphunziro kusukulu, zochitika zandale, masewera a nkhonya, kumenya nkhondo, ndipo yagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati nyumba yamakedzana ndi kanema. Kugwiritsa ntchito kosiyanasiyana kumeneku kudawononga kwambiri magawo osiyanasiyana a malowo, komanso kusasamala, chinyezi komanso kuwononga tizilombo, mbalame, makoswe ndi anthu osasamala, kotero kuti ochita sewerowo komanso anthu onse amakhala pachiwopsezo.
Mwachitsanzo, chipilala chachikulu cha tsambalo ndikuwumba kudenga, zidapangitsa kuti kukoka kwakukulu kukhale koopsa komwe kungayambitse kugwa kwanuko, komwe Theatre idatsekedwa mu 1990.
Chojambulira chapakati mu holo yayikulu chidawonongedwa mu 1937 ndi wabizinesi yemwe adachigwiritsa ntchito ngati kanema. Mipando ya Casino yasowa, pomwe kuwonjezera zitseko, mawindo ndi masitepe akuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwapamwamba.
Mwamwayi, ngakhale gawo lalikulu la zokongoletserazo latayika, m'zipinda zingapo muli zotsalira zokwanira zomanganso zokongoletsera, chifukwa chomvera njira zobwerezabwereza zomwe zimalola kuti ziberekenso. Popeza kufunika kwakukulu ndi kuyenera kwazitali zazitseko zokongola, njira zopulumutsa ndi kuteteza ziyenera kusamala kuti zisakhudze mawu ndi zikhalidwe zina.
Yogwirizanitsidwa ndi Ministry of Tourism, mu 1993 adachitapo kanthu kupulumutsa ndi kusunga nyumbayo ili yonse, ntchito yomwe akatswiri apamwamba akutenga nawo mbali. Maluso, zokongoletsa komanso mbiri yakale yokhudzana ndi kukwaniritsidwa kwa ntchitoyi imayang'aniridwa ndi kusungika kosasintha kwa mawonekedwe azida zoyambirira.
Woyang'anira ntchitoyi, wopanga mapulani a Martín Ruiz Camino, akutsimikizira kuti zokongoletsera zoyambirirazo zalemekezedwa ndikusungidwa momwe zingathere, ndikusintha zidutswa zomwe zidawononga zosasinthika kapena zomwe zidawopsa.
M'madera ena, pazifukwa zachitetezo, kunali kofunikira m'malo mwa papier-mâché ndi fiberglass ndi poliyesitala, ndikutenga nkhungu kuchokera kuzinthu zoyambirira.
China chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndikubwezeretsa dome komwe kumamaliza mbali yayikulu yamalowo ndikupatsa nyumbayo mawonekedwe apamwamba apulasitiki ndi ulemu wamapangidwe. Dome ili limapangidwa ndi mbale za pepala lokutidwa ngati masikelo, olumikizidwa limodzi ndi kudula kwa zida zomwezo ndi ma rivets othandizira amathandizidwa pamafelemu azitsulo okhala ndi ma tensioners azitsulo. Ma facade, omwe ali ndi ziboliboli zabwino kwambiri, adabwezeretsedwanso, kuphatikiza ndikubwezeretsa zidutswa zamwala zomwe zidafooka chifukwa cha chilengedwe.
Kunja kwa denga la nyumbayo kunakonzedweratu, komanso kuyika magetsi mchipinda ndi makina amadzimadzi ndi ukhondo. Momwemonso, pansi ndi utoto, cyclorama, nsalu zotchinga, zotchinga ndi zimango za bwaloli zidakonzedwa; pamphasa watsopano anaveka ndipo nsalu zinayikidwa pabalaza. Pomaliza, kuti zisawonongeke, zinyalala zambiri zidachotsedwa, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti nyumbayo ikhale ndi mpweya wabwino komanso yoyera. Atakhala zaka zingapo akuyang'ana ndikumaliza ntchito zomwe tatchulazi, Alcalá Theatre imatseguliranso anthu zitseko zake. Ntchito zofunika kwambiri kuti Theatre igwire bwino ntchito zatsirizidwa, koma pali zambiri zoti zichitike.
Dera loyambirira la Casino (lomwe lakhala zaka zambiri ndi mgwirizano) lakhala bwinja, likudikirira kukonzanso mwachangu. Malo awa atapulumutsidwa, atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo owonetsera zisudzo ku Oaxaca kapena malo ophunzitsira omwe ali ndi nyimbo, makanema, zipinda zamisonkhano, malo ogulitsira mabuku, laibulale ndi malo odyera. Kubwezeretsedwanso kwathunthu kwa Makina a Makedoniya Alcalá-Casino ikuyimira ntchito yayikulu kwambiri m'deralo. Ndi mgwirizano wamabungwe onse azikhalidwe zomwe zingathandize kuti ntchitoyo ibwezeretse malo awo azikhalidwe zachitukuko cha zaluso komanso zosangalatsa zabwino za mabanja ndi alendo aku Oaxacan. Nzika zodzipereka kuteteza chuma chamtengo wapatali chachitapo kale izi: apanga njira yothandizira ntchitoyi, makampani angapo agwirizana ndi zothandizira, ojambula odziwika adathandizira pantchito yawo ndipo Boma la State lapereka zinthu ndi zinthu zina. anthu.
Makedoniya Alcalá Theatre-Casino yaku Oaxaca ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri momwe kuwonetserana bwino kwa zaluso, ndakatulo, nyimbo, kuvina, kupenta ndi chosema zikuwonetsedwa, zomwe zidasonkhanitsidwa munyumba yoyimira Porfirismo mumzinda womwe General Díaz adabadwira. , protagonist wamkulu wa mbiri yaku Mexico munthawi yake.
Gwero Mexico mu Time No. 5 February-Marichi 1995
