MING'OMA YA SAMALAYUCA: UFUMU WA MCHENGA KU CHIHUAHUA

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Mphamvu zapadziko lapansi, moto, ndi madzi zimafotokozera mapiri, zigwa, ndi kuuma, koma sanatiuze zambiri zamchenga womwewo. Zatheka bwanji kuti mchenga wochuluka chonchi wafika ku Samalayuca?

Makilomita pafupifupi 50 kumwera kwa Ciudad Juárez ndi malo omwe ndi osasangalatsa komanso osangalatsa. Mmodzi amamuyandikira mumsewu wa Pan-American Highway kudzera chigwa chachikulu cha Chihuahuan. Kaya wapaulendo akuyamba ulendo wochokera kumpoto kapena kumwera, chigwa chokhala ndi zitsamba kapena malo odyera achikasu okhala ndi ng'ombe za "nkhope zoyera" za Hereford pang'onopang'ono amasinthidwa kukhala magulu amtundu umodzi wofanana. Mizere yopingasa ya malo athyathyathya imaloŵa m'malo osalala, pamene zomera zochepa zimatheratu. Zizindikiro zanthawi zonse zakumpoto kwa Mexico, osauka koma amoyo, zimasungunuka panorama kukhala bwinja kotero kuti zikuwoneka ngati za Martian. Kenako chithunzi chachipululu chikuwonekera, chowoneka bwino komanso chachikulu ngati nyanja yowumitsidwa ndi mafunde amchenga: milu ya Samalayuca.

Monga milu ya pagombe, milu iyi ndi mapiri amchenga amitundu yonse, omwe amadzaza ndi kukokoloka kwakale. Ndipo ngakhale madera ambiri aku Mexico ndi chipululu, m'malo ochepa kuli malo owuma kotero kuti amalola kukhalapo kwa mapiri amchenga wabwino ngati amenewo. Mwinamwake kokha chipululu cha Guwa, ku Sonora, ndi chipululu cha Vizcaíno, ku Baja California Sur, kapena dera la Viesca, ku Coahuila, ndi omwe angafanane ndi malowa.

Ndikumapezeka kwawo pang'ono, milu ya Samalayuca sizachilendo kwa wapaulendo pamsewu womwe umalumikiza Ciudad Juárez ndi likulu la dzikolo, popeza Pan-American Highway ndi Central Railroad track imadutsa malowa kudzera mbali yake yopapatiza. Komabe, monga zodabwitsa zina zambiri zachilengedwe, nthawi zambiri munthu samatenga mwayi kuti ayime ndikuzifufuza, m'njira yoti azibisa chinsinsi chawo.

Popeza tinkafunitsitsa kusiya anthu ongoyang'ana chabe, tinakumana ndi zoopsa zazikulu kwambiri m'chilengedwe.

MOTO

Ming'oma inatilandira ndi mpweya wowala ndi kutentha. Kusiya thunthu masana, sitinangotaya mpweya wabwino, koma tinalowa m'malo owala mosawoneka bwino. Kuyenda pakati pamiyala yoyera yoyera kunatikakamiza kuti tiwongolere kumwamba, chifukwa kunalibe njira yopumulira pamtunda wowala chonchi. Pakadali pano tidapeza chinthu choyamba muufumuwo: ulamuliro wankhanza wa moto wa dzuwa.

Kusungulumwa modabwitsa kumeneku kumagawana chipululu cha Chihuahuan, komanso kumawachulukitsa. Kutaya chinyezi komanso masamba osanjikiza, kutentha kwake kumadalira Dzuwa. Ndipo ngakhale mabuku a malo akuwonetsa kutentha kwapachaka pafupifupi 15 ° C, mwina kulibe gawo lina ladziko komwe kutentha kwamasiku onse kumasiyanasiyana ndipo pachaka - ndizowopsa kwambiri.

DZIKO LAPANSI

Pambuyo powonekera koyamba, kunali koyenera kuyang'anizana ndi ma thermos odziwika a munthu uja m'chipululu: kutayika mu labyrinth yopanda makoma. Madontho a Samalayuca, monga kumpoto konse kwa Chihuahua ndi Sonora, ali kudera lomwe limadutsa zigawo zingapo zakumadzulo kwa United States (makamaka Nevada, Utah, Arizona ndi New Mexico) lotchedwa "basin ndi mapiri" kapena, mu Chingerezi, beseni-ndi-masanjidwe, opangidwa ndi mabeseni ambiri osiyanitsidwa wina ndi mzake ndi mapiri ang'onoang'ono, omwe nthawi zambiri amatsata njira yakumwera-kumpoto. Tsatanetsatane wake amatonthoza omwe akuyenda mumchenga: ngakhale munthu atalowera bwanji, nthawi iliyonse amatha kudziyang'ana kupyola mapiri afupikitsa, koma theka la kilomita kumtunda kwa chigwa. Kumpoto kukwera mapiri a Samalayuca, kumbuyo kwake kuli tawuni yosavomerezeka. Kumpoto chakum'mawa kuli Sierra El Presidio; ndi kumwera, mapiri a La Candelaria ndi La Ranchería. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zonse tinkathandizidwa ndi nsonga zowopsa zomwe zimatitsogolera ngati zounikira zombo.

MADZI

Ngati mapiri ali ndi zaka mamiliyoni ambiri, zigwa, komano, ndi zaposachedwa kwambiri. Chodabwitsachi ndikuti adapangidwa ndimadzi omwe sitinawawone kulikonse. Zaka masauzande ambiri zapitazo, panthawi yamapiri a Pleistocene, nyanjazi zidapanga gawo lalikulu la dera la "basin ndi mapiri" poyika matope m'malo amipiri. Madzi oundana atatha kubwerera zaka zoposa 12,000 zapitazo (kumapeto kwa Pleistocene) ndipo nyengo idayamba kuuma, nyanja zambiri zidasowa, ngakhale adasiya zipinda zana kapena mabeseni otsekedwa pomwe madzi pang'ono yomwe imathamangira pansi sikutsikira kunyanja. Ku Samalayuca mitsinje yatayika m'chipululu m'malo modutsira ku Rio Grande, makilomita 40 kum'mawa. Zomwezo zimachitika ndi mitsinje ya Casas Grandes ndi Carmen, yomwe imathera ulendo wawo ku madambo a Guzmán ndi Patos, komanso ku Chihuahua. Kuti madzi ambiri nthawi ina amakhala pamiyulu akuwonetsedwa ndi zakale zakale zam'madzi zomwe zimapezeka pansi pamchenga.

Kuwuluka mu ndege yaying'ono ya Cessna ya kaputeni Matilde Duarte adationetsa zodabwitsa za El Barreal, nyanja yomwe mwina ndi yayikulu ngati Cuitzeo, ku Michoacán, ngakhale idangowululira zakumeka zofiirira, zosalala komanso zowuma ... ya mvula.

Mutha kuganiza kuti mvula yaying'ono yomwe imagwera pamuluwo iyenera kupita ku El Barreal; komabe, sizili choncho. Mamapu sakusonyeza mtsinje uliwonse wopita kumalo amenewo, ngakhale mbali "yeniyeni" ndiye malo otsika kwambiri mu beseni; palibe zisonyezo zamtsinje uliwonse mumchenga wa Samalayuca. Ndi mvula, mchenga uyenera kuyamwa madzi mwachangu kwambiri, ngakhale osalowerera kwambiri. China chake chodabwitsa chinali chiwonetsero cha dzenje lamadzi pafupifupi pamphambano ya mapiri a Samalayuca ndi msewu, mita zochepa kuchokera kudera lina lamapululu ku North America ...

MPhepo

Mphamvu zapadziko lapansi, moto, ndi madzi zimafotokozera mapiri, zigwa, ndi kuuma, koma sanatiuze zambiri zamchenga womwewo. Zatheka bwanji kuti mchenga wochuluka chonchi wafika ku Samalayuca?

Zowona kuti milu ilipo ndipo palibe kwina kulikonse kumapiri akumpoto ndizofunikira, ngakhale ndizodabwitsa. Maonekedwe omwe tidachokera mundege anali osavuta, koma osakhala wamba. Kumadzulo kwa mzere wogawanitsa womwe wakokedwa pamsewu panali mapiri awiri kapena atatu amchenga. Kumbali inayo, pafupifupi kumalire akum'mawa kwa malowa, panali milu yayitali yambiri (yowonekera kwambiri pamsewu) monga omwe akatswiri amafufuza kuti "barjánica chain". Unali mtundu wamapiri ataliatali kuposa ena onse. Zingati? Captain Duarte, wochenjera aviatex-mex, adayankha mu dongosolo la Chingerezi: mwina mpaka 50 feet (mu Christian, 15 mita). Ngakhale zimawoneka ngati zowerengera kwa ife, zitha kukhala zowonetsa zokwanira: zomwe zikufanana ndi nyumba yosanjikiza isanu ndi umodzi. Pamwambapa pamatha kuwonetsa kukwera kwakukulu kuposa izi; Chodabwitsa ndichakuti amadziphatika ndi zinthu zochepa ngati mchenga wochepera millimeter m'mimba mwake: ndiwo ntchito ya mphepo, yomwe yapeza mchenga womwewo kumpoto kwa Chihuahua. Koma kodi anazitenga kuti?

A Gerardo Gómez, omwe adaphunzitsidwa kuyenda m'madontho - zoyesayesa zovuta kuyerekezera - adatiwuza za mvula yamkuntho mu February. Mpweya umakhala wamtambo kwambiri kotero kuti ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kwambiri kuthamanga kwa magalimoto ndikuwonetsetsa kuti asataye gawo la phula la Pan-American Highway.

Ming'oma mwina idakulira kum'mawa panthawi yamaulendo athu, koma kuti munali pakati pa Juni ndipo nthawi yachilimwe mafunde oyenda bwino ochokera kumadzulo ndi kumwera chakumadzulo. Ndikothekanso kuti mphepo zoterezi "zimangokhala" mchenga mwanjira yapaderayi. Mwina nkutheka kuti mchengawo wasungidwa komweko kwazaka zambiri ndi "mafunde" amphepo yamkuntho omwe amatola tirigu komwe tsopano ndi United States. Ndi "kumpoto" komwe komwe kuyenera kuyambitsa mikuntho yotchulidwa ndi a Gómez. Komabe, ndizongoganiza chabe: palibe maphunziro apadera anyengo mdera lomwe amayankha funso lokhudza mchenga uwu.

China chake chotsimikizika, komanso chodziwikiratu pakadali pano, ndikuti milu imasuntha ndipo imachita izi mwachangu. Central Railroad, yomangidwa mu 1882, ikhoza kuchitira umboni kuti ikuyenda. Pofuna kuti mchengawo “usameze” njirazo, panafunika kukhomera timizere tiwiri tamatabwa kuti tisapitirire. Izi zidatitsogolera komaliza pomwe tidakwera phiri la Samalayuca kuti tipeze malingaliro kuchokera pamwamba: kodi dera la milu ikukula?

Dera lamchenga woyela liyenera kukhala ndi 40 km kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo ndi 25 latitude m'mbali zake zokulirapo, kudera lonse lokwana pafupifupi ma kilomita chikwi chimodzi (mahekitala zana limodzi). The Dictionary of Chihuahuan History, Geography and Biography Komabe, imapereka ziwerengero zokulirapo kawiri. Ziyenera kufotokozedwa kuti mchenga sukutha ndi milu yamchere: malire a izi amapezeka pomwe masamba amayamba, omwe amakonza ndi kugwetsa pansi, kuphatikiza pakubisa zosawerengeka, zokwawa ndi tizilombo. Koma dera lamchenga limayambira kumadzulo, kumpoto chakumadzulo, komanso kumpoto mpaka ku El Barreal ndi malire a New Mexico. Malinga ndi dikishonale yomwe yatchulidwayi, beseni lonse lomwe limapanga milu yayikulu limakhudza madera atatu (Juárez, Ascención ndi Ahumada) ndipo limapitilira makilomita 30,000, pafupifupi 1.5% ya dzikolo ndi gawo limodzi lachisanu ndi chimodzi la a boma.

Kuchokera pamenepo tidapezanso zomwe zimawoneka ngati petroglyphs pamwala umodzi wamiyambo yachilengedwe: madontho, mizere, ziwonetsero za anthu ometedwa pakhoma lamamita awiri, ofanana ndi miyala ina ku Chihuahua ndi New Mexico. Kodi milu yake inali yayikulu chonchi kwa olemba ma petroglyphs amenewo?

Zachidziwikire kuti apainiya okhala ku America, pakusamukira kwawo kumwera, sanawadziwe. Panali nyanja zikuluzikulu kuzungulira pomwe osaka-akusonkhanitsa oyamba adafika. Nyengo inali yanyontho kwambiri ndipo mavuto azachilengedwe omwe tikukumana nawo kulibe.

Mwina milu ya Samalayuca yakula zaka zikwi khumi, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti mibadwo yam'mbuyomu inali ndi dera lofatsa komanso lochereza alendo. Komabe, izi zikutanthauzanso kuti sanasangalale ndi kulowa kwa dzuwa kofanana ndi komwe tinakumana nako pamwambowu: Dzuwa lagolide litakhala kumbuyo kwa malo okongola a milu, gule wofatsa wa m'chipululu wosisitidwa ndi mphepo.

MUKAPITA KU Madokotala a SAMALYUCA

Malowa ali pafupifupi 35 km kumwera kwa Ciudad Juárez pamsewu waukulu wa feduro 45 (Panamericana). Kubwera kuchokera kumwera, ndi 70 km kuchokera ku Villa Ahumada ndi 310 km kuchokera ku Chihuahua. Panjira yayikulu mutha kuwona milu yamtunda pafupifupi 8 km mbali zonse ziwiri.

Kuchokera m'mphepete mwa msewu mutha kufikira pamiyala ingapo pamchenga pang'ono. Komabe, ngati mukufuna milu yayikulu hoya kuti mupange zina. Mipata ingapo ingathe kukuyandikitsani pafupi. Ngati mukuyendetsa galimoto, nthawi zonse samalani kuti muone kuwonongeka kwa mseu ndipo musayandikire kwambiri chifukwa ndikosavuta kukakamira mumchenga.

Pali mipata iwiri yoyenerera. Choyamba ndi kumpoto kwa kupatuka komwe kumatsogolera ku tawuni ya Samalayuca. Imalowera chakum'mawa ndipo imadutsa Sierra El Presidio mpaka kukafika kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa mchenga, kuchokera komwe mungayendemo. Wachiwiri amabadwira kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Sierra Samalayuca, pamalo pomwe poyang'anira apolisi nthawi zambiri amakhala. “Mpata umenewo umalowera chakumadzulo ndipo umatsogolera ku minda yomwe mungapitilize kuyenda (kumwera). Kuti muwone bwino, kwerani kuchokera pa cheke kupita ku Sierra Samalayuca momwe mungakonde; njira zake sizitali kapena zazitali.

Ngati mukufuna malo okaona alendo (malo ogona, malo odyera, zambiri, ndi zina zambiri), oyandikira kwambiri ali ku Ciudad Juárez. Tawuni ya Samalayuca ilibe malo ogulitsira angapo komwe mungagule ma sodas ozizira komanso zokhwasula-khwasula.

Gwero: Mexico Yosadziwika No. 254 / Epulo 1998

Mtolankhani komanso wolemba mbiri. Ndi pulofesa wa Geography and History and Historical Journalism ku Faculty of Philosophy and Letters of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, komwe amayesera kufalitsa chisokonezo chake m'makona achilendo omwe amapanga dziko lino.

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